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{{Short description|Bantoid language spoken in Cameroon}}
{{Infobox Language
{{Infobox language
|name=Kemezung
|name=Kemezung
|nativename=Ǩimjizù
|states={{CMR}}
|states=[[Cameroon]]
|region=[[Northwest Province (Cameroon)|Northwest Province]], [[Donga-Mantung]] Division, Southwest corner of Ako Subdivision, Northwest of [[Nkambé]], town of Dumbu and village of Kwei.
|region=[[Northwest Province (Cameroon)|Northwest Province]], [[Donga-Mantung]] Division, Southwest corner of Ako Subdivision, Northwest of [[Nkambé]], town of Dumbu and village of Kwei.
|speakers=4,500<!--?-->
|speakers=3,540
|date=2008
|iso1=
|ref=e18
|iso2=
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|iso3=dmo
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=[[Atlantic-Congo languages|Atlantic-Congo]]
|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]
|fam3=[[Benue-Congo languages|Benue-Congo]]
|fam4=[[Southern Bantoid languages|Southern Bantoid]]
|fam4=[[Bantoid languages|Bantoid]]
|fam5=[[Eastern Beboid languages|Eastern Beboid]]
|iso3=dmo
|fam5=[[Southern Bantoid languages|Southern Bantoid]]
|glotto=keme1240
|fam6=[[Beboid languages|Beboid]]
|glottorefname=Kemezung
|fam7=[[Eastern Beboid languages|Eastern Beboid]]
}}
}}
'''Kemezung''' (''Dumbo, Dumbu, Dzumbo, Kumaju'') is an Eastern [[Beboid languages|Beboid]] language of the [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] family ([[Niger-Congo languages|Niger-Congo]] group). It is spoken <!-- by whom?-->in [[Cameroon]] (4,500).


'''Kemezung''' (''Dumbo, Dumbu, Dzumbo, Kumaju'') is a [[Southern Bantoid]] ([[Eastern Beboid languages|Eastern Beboid]]) language of [[Cameroon]]. According to ''Ethnologue'', it's 85% lexically similar to [[Bebe language|Bebe]].<ref name=e18/>
==External links==
*{{ethnologue|code=dmo}}
*[http://www.rosettaproject.org/archive/dmo Rosettaproject.org]


==Consonants==
<!--{{Languages of Cameroon}}-->
Kemezung has 19 "unmodified" consonants.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Cox|2005|p=2}}</ref> Cox also claims Kemezung has labialized, palatalized, and prenasalized consonants but does not list all of them.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Cox|2005|pp=2-4}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
[[Category:Southern Bantoid languages]]
|-
! colspan="2" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]!! [[Coronal consonant|Coronal]]!! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]!! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]!! [[Labial–velar consonant|Labial–velar]]!! [[Glottalic consonant|Glottalic]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Plosive]]
! <small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
| || {{IPAlink|t}} || || {{IPAlink|k}} || {{IPAlink|k͡p}} ||
|-
! <small>[[voiced]]</small>
| {{IPAlink|b}} || {{IPAlink|d}} || || {{IPAlink|g}} || {{IPAlink|g͡b}} ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! <small>[[voiceless]]</small>
| || {{IPAlink|t͡s}}{{efn|{{IPA|/t͡s/}} becomes {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} before /i/.}} || || || ||
|-
! <small>[[voiced]]</small>
| || {{IPAlink|d͡z}}{{efn|{{IPA|/d͡z/}} becomes {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}} before /i/.}} || || || ||
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| {{IPAlink|f}} || {{IPAlink|s}}{{efn|{{IPA|/s/}} becomes {{IPAblink|ʃ}} before {{IPA|/i/}}. It becomes {{IPAblink|s̬}} or {{IPAblink|ɾ}} between vowels root-medially.}} || || || || {{IPAlink|h}}
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPAlink|m}} || {{IPAlink|n}} || {{IPAlink|ɲ}} || {{IPAlink|ŋ}} || ||
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| || {{IPAlink|l}}{{efn|{{IPA|/l/}} optionally becomes {{IPAblink|d}} in many words before {{IPA|/i/}} root-medially.}} || {{IPAlink|j}}{{efn|{{IPA|/j/}} optionally becomes {{IPAblink|ʒ}} before {{IPA|/i/}} root-medially.}} || ||{{IPAlink|w}} ||
|}


{{nc-lang-stub}}
{{notelist}}

==Vowels==
Kemezung has 9 phonemic vowels.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Cox|2005|p=5}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! !! [[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]!! [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPAlink|i}}
| || {{IPAlink|u}}
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| {{IPAlink|e}} || {{IPAlink|ɘ}}{{efn|Cox uses {{angbr|{{IPA|ɨ}}}}, which normally represents the close central unrounded vowel {{IPAslink|ɨ}}.}} || {{IPAlink|o}}
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPAlink|ɛ}} || {{IPAlink|ɜ}}{{efn|Cox uses {{angbr|{{IPA|ə}}}}, which normally represents the mid central unrounded vowel {{IPAslink|ə}}.}} || {{IPAlink|ɔ}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| || {{IPAlink|ä}} ||
|}

{{notelist}}

==Tone==
Kemezung also has 7 (or possibly 8) tones.<ref>{{harvcoltxt|Cox|2005|pp=7-8}}</ref> There are three level tones (high, mid, and low), three falling tones (high-low, mid-low, and long mid-low), and one or two rising tones (low-mid and possibly mid-high).

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite conference |last=Blench |first=Roger |year=2011 |url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/General/Blench%20Bantu%20IV%20Berlin%20Bantoid%202011.pdf |title=The membership and internal structure of Bantoid and the border with Bantu |conference=Bantu IV, Humboldt University, Berlin}}
*{{cite web |last1=Brye |first1=Edward |last2=Brye |first2=Elizabeth |year=2004 |title=Intelligibility testing survey of Bebe and Kemezung and synthesis of sociolinguistic research of the Eastern Beboid cluster |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/95/12/83/95128392022985329760471919891608127743/silesr2004_011.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907140909/http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/95/12/83/95128392022985329760471919891608127743/silesr2004_011.pdf |archive-date=2014-09-07 |publisher=SIL}}
*{{cite web |last=Cox |first=Bruce |year=2005 |title=Notes on the Phonology of Kemezung |location=Yaoundé |publisher=SIL |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/91/86/62/91866262271700062658524593721604091182/NotesonthephonologyofKemezung.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106043206/https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/91/86/62/91866262271700062658524593721604091182/NotesonthephonologyofKemezung.pdf |archive-date=2023-11-06}}
*{{cite web |last=Smoes |first=Christopher L. |publisher=SIL |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/17/70/34/17703463828012694922529725818753020034/KemezungSketchGrammar.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208115108/https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/17/70/34/17703463828012694922529725818753020034/KemezungSketchGrammar.pdf |archive-date=2023-12-08 |title=A Sketch Grammar of the Kemezung language}}

{{Beboid languages}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Beboid languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Cameroon]]


{{SBantoid-lang-stub}}

Latest revision as of 15:23, 26 July 2024

Kemezung
Native toCameroon
RegionNorthwest Province, Donga-Mantung Division, Southwest corner of Ako Subdivision, Northwest of Nkambé, town of Dumbu and village of Kwei.
Native speakers
3,540 (2008)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3dmo
Glottologkeme1240

Kemezung (Dumbo, Dumbu, Dzumbo, Kumaju) is a Southern Bantoid (Eastern Beboid) language of Cameroon. According to Ethnologue, it's 85% lexically similar to Bebe.[1]

Consonants

[edit]

Kemezung has 19 "unmodified" consonants.[2] Cox also claims Kemezung has labialized, palatalized, and prenasalized consonants but does not list all of them.[3]

Labial Coronal Palatal Velar Labial–velar Glottalic
Plosive voiceless t k k͡p
voiced b d g g͡b
Affricate voiceless t͡s[a]
voiced d͡z[b]
Fricative f s[c] h
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Approximant l[d] j[e] w
  1. ^ /t͡s/ becomes [t͡ʃ] before /i/.
  2. ^ /d͡z/ becomes [d͡ʒ] before /i/.
  3. ^ /s/ becomes [ʃ] before /i/. It becomes [s̬] or [ɾ] between vowels root-medially.
  4. ^ /l/ optionally becomes [d] in many words before /i/ root-medially.
  5. ^ /j/ optionally becomes [ʒ] before /i/ root-medially.

Vowels

[edit]

Kemezung has 9 phonemic vowels.[4]

Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e ɘ[a] o
Open-mid ɛ ɜ[b] ɔ
Open ä
  1. ^ Cox uses ⟨ɨ⟩, which normally represents the close central unrounded vowel /ɨ/.
  2. ^ Cox uses ⟨ə⟩, which normally represents the mid central unrounded vowel /ə/.

Tone

[edit]

Kemezung also has 7 (or possibly 8) tones.[5] There are three level tones (high, mid, and low), three falling tones (high-low, mid-low, and long mid-low), and one or two rising tones (low-mid and possibly mid-high).

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Kemezung at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Cox (2005:2)
  3. ^ Cox (2005:2–4)
  4. ^ Cox (2005:5)
  5. ^ Cox (2005:7–8)

References

[edit]
  • Blench, Roger (2011). The membership and internal structure of Bantoid and the border with Bantu (PDF). Bantu IV, Humboldt University, Berlin.
  • Brye, Edward; Brye, Elizabeth (2004). "Intelligibility testing survey of Bebe and Kemezung and synthesis of sociolinguistic research of the Eastern Beboid cluster" (PDF). SIL. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-07.
  • Cox, Bruce (2005). "Notes on the Phonology of Kemezung" (PDF). Yaoundé: SIL. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-11-06.
  • Smoes, Christopher L. "A Sketch Grammar of the Kemezung language" (PDF). SIL. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-12-08.


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