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{{infobox element
{{infobox element
|name=uranium
|name =uranium
|symbol =U
|pronounce={{IPAc-en|j|ʊ|ˈ|r|eɪ|n|i|ə|m}}
|Z =92
|pronounce 2={{respell|ew|RAY|nee-əm}}
|number=92
|number =92
|abundance=
|symbol=U
|abundance in earth's crust=
|abundance in oceans=
|abundance in solar system=
|left=[[protactinium]]
|left=[[protactinium]]
|right=[[neptunium]]
|right=[[neptunium]]
|above=[[neodymium|Nd]]
|above=[[neodymium|Nd]]
|below=(Uqh)
|below=
|series=actinide
|series comment=
|group=n/a
|period=7
|block=f
|series color=
|appearance=silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a [[spalling]] black oxide coat in air
|appearance=silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a [[spalling]] black oxide coat in air
|image name=HEUraniumC.jpg
|image name=HEUraniumC.jpg
|image alt=Two hands in brown gloves holding a blotched gray disk with a number 2068 hand-written on it
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=
|image name 2 comment=
|atomic mass=238.02891
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=3
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=&#91;[[radon|Rn]]&#93; 5f<sup>3</sup> 6d<sup>1</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2
|color=
|phase=
|phase=solid
|phase comment=
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gplstp=
|density=19.050&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>&thinsp;<ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|density gpcm3nrt=19.1
|density conditions=(at&nbsp;20°&nbsp;C)
|density gpcm3mp=17.3
|density gpcm3mp=17.3
|melting point K=1405.3
|melting point K=1405.3
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|vapor pressure comment=
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=orthorhombic
|crystal structure=orthorhombic
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=oS4
|oxidation states='''6''', 5, 4, 3,<ref>{{cite book|title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements|edition=3rd|editor1=Morss, L.R. |editor2=Edelstein, N.M. |editor3=Fuger, J. |place=Netherlands|publisher=Springer|year=2006|isbn=9048131464}}</ref> 2, 1
|lattice constants=''a''&nbsp;=&nbsp;285.35&nbsp;pm<br />''b''&nbsp;=&nbsp;586.97&nbsp;pm<br />''c''&nbsp;=&nbsp;495.52&nbsp;pm (at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(a&nbsp;weakly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.38
|electronegativity=1.38
|number of ionization energies=2
|number of ionization energies=2
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|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion=<!-- see thermal expansion comment -->
|thermal expansion comment={{val|15.46|e=−6}}/K (at&nbsp;20&nbsp;°C){{efn|text=The thermal expansion is [[Anisotropy|anisotropic]]: the coefficients for each crystal axis (at 20&nbsp;°C) are α<sub>''a''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;{{val|25.27|e=−6}}/K, α<sub>''b''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;{{val|0.76|e=−6}}/K, α<sub>''c''</sub>&nbsp;=&nbsp;{{val|20.35|e=−6}}/K, and α<sub>average</sub> =&nbsp;α<sub>volume</sub>/3 =&nbsp;{{val|15.46|e=−6}}/K.}}
|thermal expansion at 25=13.9
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=3155
|speed of sound rod at 20=3155
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|magnetic susceptibility=
|magnetic susceptibility ref=
|Young's modulus=208
|Young's modulus=208
|Shear modulus=111
|Shear modulus=111
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|Brinell hardness=2350–3850
|Brinell hardness=2350–3850
|CAS number=7440-61-1
|CAS number=7440-61-1
|naming=after [[Uranus|planet Uranus]], itself named after Greek [[Uranus (mythology)|god of the sky Uranus]]
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | link=uranium-232 | mn=232 | sym=U
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E9 s|68.9&nbsp;y]]
| dm1=[[spontaneous fission|SF]] | de1=– | pn1= | ps1=–
| dm2=[[alpha decay|α]] | de2=5.414 | link2=thorium-228 | pn2=228 | ps2=Th }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | link=uranium-233 | mn=233 | sym=U
| na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E12 s|1.592×10<sup>5</sup>&nbsp;y]]
| dm1=SF | de1=197.93<ref>{{cite book
|url=https://www-nds.iaea.org/publications/indc/indc_usa_0085_II.pdf
|editor1=Magurno, B.A.|editor2=Pearlstein, S
|title=Proceedings of the conference on nuclear data evaluation methods and procedures. BNL-NCS 51363, vol. II
|publisher=Brookhaven National Lab.|place=Upton, NY (USA)|year=1981|pages=835 ff|accessdate=2014-08-06}}</ref>
| pn1= | ps1=–
| dm2=α | de2=4.909 | link2=thorium-229 | pn2=229 | ps2=Th }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | link=uranium-234 | mn=234 | sym=U
| na=0.005% | hl=2.455×10<sup>5</sup>&nbsp;y
| dm1=SF | de1=197.78 | pn1= | ps1=–
| dm2=α | de2=4.859 | link2=thorium-230 | pn2=230 | ps2=Th }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | link=uranium-235 | mn=235 | sym=U
| na=0.720% | hl=7.04×10<sup>8</sup>&nbsp;y
| dm1=SF | de1=202.48 | pn1= | ps1=–
| dm2=α | de2=4.679 | link2=thorium-231 | pn2=231 | ps2=Th }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | link=uranium-236 | mn=236 | sym=U
| na=trace | hl=[[1 E14 s|2.342×10<sup>7</sup>&nbsp;y]]
| dm1=SF | de1=201.82 | pn1= | ps1=–
| dm2=α | de2=4.572 | link2=thorium-232 | pn2=232 | ps2=Th }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay3 | link=uranium-238 | mn=238 | sym=U
| na=99.274% | hl=[[1 E17 s|4.468×10<sup>9</sup>&nbsp;y]]
| dm1=α | de1=4.270 | link1=thorium-234 | pn1=234 | ps1=Th
| dm2=SF | de2=205.87 | pn2= | ps2=–
| dm3=[[Double_beta_decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]] | de3=– | link3=plutonium-238 | pn3=238 | ps3=Pu
}}
|naming=after planet [[Uranus]], itself named after Greek god of the sky [[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]
|discovered by=[[Martin Heinrich Klaproth]]
|discovered by=[[Martin Heinrich Klaproth]]
|discovery date=1789
|discovery date=1789
|first isolation by=[[Eugène-Melchior Péligot]]
|first isolation by=[[Eugène-Melchior Péligot]]
|first isolation date=1841
|first isolation date=1841
|QID=Q1098
}}<noinclude>
}}<!--

--><noinclude>
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=U}}
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}

Latest revision as of 23:52, 26 July 2024

Uranium, 92U
Two hands in brown gloves holding a blotched gray disk with a number 2068 hand-written on it
Uranium
Pronunciation/jʊˈrniəm/ (yuu-RAY-nee-əm)
Appearancesilvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air
Standard atomic weight Ar°(U)
Uranium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Nd

U

protactiniumuraniumneptunium
Atomic number (Z)92
Groupf-block groups (no number)
Periodperiod 7
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1405.3 K ​(1132.2 °C, ​2070 °F)
Boiling point4404 K ​(4131 °C, ​7468 °F)
Density (at 20° C)19.050 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)17.3 g/cm3
Heat of fusion9.14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization417.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.665 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2325 2564 2859 3234 3727 4402
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +6
−1,[4] +1,? +2,? +3,[5] +4,[6] +5[6]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.38
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 597.6 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1420 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 156 pm
Covalent radius196±7 pm
Van der Waals radius186 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of uranium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureorthorhombic (oS4)
Lattice constants
Orthorhombic crystal structure for uranium
a = 285.35 pm
b = 586.97 pm
c = 495.52 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion15.46×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[a]
Thermal conductivity27.5 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity0.280 µΩ⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Young's modulus208 GPa
Shear modulus111 GPa
Bulk modulus100 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod3155 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio0.23
Vickers hardness1960–2500 MPa
Brinell hardness2350–3850 MPa
CAS Number7440-61-1
History
Namingafter planet Uranus, itself named after Greek god of the sky Uranus
DiscoveryMartin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)
First isolationEugène-Melchior Péligot (1841)
Isotopes of uranium
Main isotopes[7] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
232U synth 68.9 y α 228Th
SF
233U trace 1.592×105 y[8] α 229Th
SF
234U 0.005% 2.455×105 y α 230Th
SF
235U 0.720% 7.038×108 y α 231Th
SF
236U trace 2.342×107 y α 232Th
SF
238U 99.3% 4.468×109 y α 234Th
SF
ββ 238Pu
 Category: Uranium
| references
U · Uranium
Pa ←

ibox Pa

iso
92
U  [e]
IB-U [e]
IBisos [e]
→ Np

ibox Np

indexes by PT (page)
child table, as reused in {IB-U}
Main isotopes of uranium
Main isotopes[7] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
232U synth 68.9 y α 228Th
SF
233U trace 1.592×105 y[9] α 229Th
SF
234U 0.005% 2.455×105 y α 230Th
SF
235U 0.720% 7.038×108 y α 231Th
SF
236U trace 2.342×107 y α 232Th
SF
238U 99.3% 4.468×109 y α 234Th
SF
ββ 238Pu
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (46) · (this table: )

Notes

  1. ^ The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the coefficients for each crystal axis (at 20 °C) are αa = 25.27×10−6/K, αb = 0.76×10−6/K, αc = 20.35×10−6/K, and αaverage = αvolume/3 = 15.46×10−6/K.

References

  1. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Uranium". CIAAW. 1999.
  2. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ^ a b Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  4. ^ Th(-I) and U(-I) have been detected in the gas phase as octacarbonyl anions; see Chaoxian, Chi; Sudip, Pan; Jiaye, Jin; Luyan, Meng; Mingbiao, Luo; Lili, Zhao; Mingfei, Zhou; Gernot, Frenking (2019). "Octacarbonyl Ion Complexes of Actinides [An(CO)8]+/− (An=Th, U) and the Role of f Orbitals in Metal–Ligand Bonding". Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 25 (50): 11772–11784. 25 (50): 11772–11784. doi:10.1002/chem.201902625. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 6772027. PMID 31276242.
  5. ^ Morss, L.R.; Edelstein, N.M.; Fuger, J., eds. (2006). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-9048131464.
  6. ^ a b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  7. ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  8. ^ Magurno, B.A.; Pearlstein, S, eds. (1981). Proceedings of the conference on nuclear data evaluation methods and procedures. BNL-NCS 51363, vol. II (PDF). Upton, NY (USA): Brookhaven National Lab. pp. 835 ff. Retrieved 2014-08-06.
  9. ^ Magurno, B.A.; Pearlstein, S, eds. (1981). Proceedings of the conference on nuclear data evaluation methods and procedures. BNL-NCS 51363, vol. II (PDF). Upton, NY (USA): Brookhaven National Lab. pp. 835 ff. Retrieved 2014-08-06.