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{{Short description|1883 book by Mark Twain}}
{{Infobox book | <!--See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->
{{Infobox book | <!--See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->
|name = Life on the Mississippi
|name = Life on the Mississippi
|image = Life on the Mississippi.jpg
|image = Life on the Mississippi.jpg
|caption = Cover of the original U.S. edition, 1883.
|caption = Cover of the original U.S. edition, 1883
|author = [[Mark Twain]]
|author = [[Mark Twain]]
|illustrator =
|illustrator =
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}}
}}


'''''Life on the Mississippi''''' (1883) is a [[memoir]] by [[Mark Twain]] of his days as a [[steamboat]] [[Maritime pilot|pilot]] on the [[Mississippi River]] before the [[American Civil War]], and also a [[travel book]], recounting his trip along the Mississippi River from [[St. Louis]] to [[New Orleans]] many years after the War.
'''''Life on the Mississippi''''' is a [[memoir]] by [[Mark Twain]] of his days as a [[steamboat]] [[Maritime pilot|pilot]] on the [[Mississippi River]] before the [[American Civil War]] published in 1883. It is also a [[travel book]], recounting his trips on the Mississippi River, from [[St. Louis]] to [[New Orleans]] and then from [[New Orleans]] to [[Saint_Paul,_Minnesota|Saint Paul]], many years after the war.


==Overview==
==Overview==
The book begins with a brief history of the river as reported by [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] and [[Americans]], beginning with the [[Spanish people|Spanish]] explorer [[Hernando de Soto (explorer)|Hernando de Soto]] in 1542.<ref>{{cite book |title= Life on the Mississippi |last= Twain |first= Mark |author2=Clemens, Samuel L. |origyear= 1883|year=2000 |publisher= Dover |location= Mineola, NY |isbn= 978-0-486-41426-3 |page= 3}}and <br/> [[:File:1883. Life on the Mississippi.djvu|Facsimile copy of the First edition]], page 26"[...] De Soto, the first white man who ever saw the Mississippi River, saw it in 1542 [...]"</ref> It continues with anecdotes of Twain's training as a steamboat pilot, as the 'cub' (apprentice) of an experienced pilot, [[Horace Ezra Bixby|Horace E. Bixby]]. He describes, with great affection, the science of navigating the ever-changing Mississippi River in a section that was first published in 1876, entitled "Old Times on the Mississippi". Although Twain was actually 21 when he began his training, he uses artistic license to make himself seem somewhat younger, referring to himself as a "fledgling" and a "boy" who "ran away from home" to seek his fortune on the river, and playing up his own callowness and naïveté.
The book begins with a brief history of the river as reported by [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]] and [[Americans]], beginning with the [[Spanish people|Spanish]] explorer [[Hernando de Soto (explorer)|Hernando de Soto]] in 1542.<ref>{{cite book |title= Life on the Mississippi |last= Twain |first= Mark |author2=Clemens, Samuel L. |orig-year= 1883|year=2000 |publisher= Dover |location= Mineola, NY |isbn= 978-0-486-41426-3 |page= 3}}and <br/> [[:File:1883. Life on the Mississippi.djvu|Facsimile copy of the First edition]], page 26"[...] De Soto, the first white man who ever saw the Mississippi River, saw it in 1542 [...]"</ref> It continues with anecdotes of Twain's training as a steamboat pilot, as the 'cub' (apprentice) of an experienced pilot, [[Horace Ezra Bixby|Horace E. Bixby]]. He describes, with great affection, the science of navigating the ever-changing Mississippi River in a section that was first published in 1876, entitled "Old Times on the Mississippi". Although Twain was actually 21 when he began his training, he uses artistic license to make himself seem somewhat younger, referring to himself as a "fledgling" and a "boy" who "ran away from home" to seek his fortune on the river, and playing up his own callowness and naïveté.


In the second half, Twain narrates his trip many years later on a steamboat from [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]] to [[New Orleans]]. He describes the competition from [[railroad]]s, and the new, large cities, and adds his observations on greed, gullibility, tragedy, and bad architecture. He also tells some stories that are most likely [[tall tale]]s.
In the second half, Twain narrates his trip many years later on a steamboat from St. Louis to New Orleans, shortly followed by a steamboat journey from New Orleans to St Paul (with a stop at his boyhood home town of Hannibal, MO). He describes the competition from [[railroad]]s, and the new, large cities, and adds his observations on greed, gullibility, tragedy, and bad architecture. He also tells some stories that are most likely [[tall tale]]s.


==Publication==
==Publication==
Simultaneously published in 1883 in the [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]], the book is the first submitted to a publisher as a [[typewriter|typewritten]] manuscript.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/firsttw.html |title=The First Typewriter |accessdate=2009-02-16 |publisher=Rehr, Darryl |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201140007/http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/firsttw.html |archivedate=2009-02-01 |df= }}</ref> Twain did not, however, use the typewriter himself. His secretary, Isabel V. Lyon, typed from Twain's manuscript.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Modernity and Autobiography in Nineteenth-Century America|last=Dobson|first=James E.|publisher=Palgrave|year=2017|isbn=978-3-319-67321-9|location=|pages=9-11}}</ref>
Simultaneously published in 1883 in the [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]], the book was the first submitted to a publisher as a [[typewriter|typewritten]] manuscript.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/firsttw.html |title=The First Typewriter |access-date=2009-02-16 |publisher=Rehr, Darryl |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201140007/http://home.earthlink.net/~dcrehr/firsttw.html |archive-date=2009-02-01 }}</ref> Twain did not, however, use the typewriter himself. His secretary, Isabel V. Lyon, typed from Twain's manuscript.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Modernity and Autobiography in Nineteenth-Century America|last=Dobson|first=James E.|publisher=Palgrave|year=2017|isbn=978-3-319-67321-9|pages=9–11}}</ref>

==Contents==
:''From the first edition's chapter summaries.''
*'''Chapter 1'''
The Mississippi is Well worth Reading about.--It is Remarkable.-- Instead of Widening towards its Mouth, it grows Narrower.--It Empties four hundred and six million Tons of Mud.--It was First Seen in 1542. --It is Older than some Pages in European History.--De Soto has the Pull.--Older than the Atlantic Coast.--Some Half-breeds chip in.--La Salle Thinks he will Take a Hand
*'''Chapter 2'''
La Salle again Appears, and so does a Cat-fish.--Buffaloes also.-- Some Indian Paintings are Seen on the Rocks.--"The Father of Waters" does not Flow into the Pacific.--More History and Indians. --Some Curious Performances--not Early English.--Natchez, or the Site of it, is Approached
*'''Chapter 3'''
A little History.--Early Commerce.--Coal Fleets and Timber Rafts.-- We start on a Voyage.--I seek Information.--Some Music.--The Trouble begins.--Tall Talk.--The Child of Calamity.--Ground and lofty Tumbling.--The Wash-up.--Business and Statistics.-- Mysterious Band.--Thunder and Lightning.--The Captain speaks. --Allbright weeps.--The Mystery settled.--Chaff.--I am Discovered.--Some Art-work proposed.--I give an Account of Myself.-- Released
*'''Chapter 4'''
The Boys' Ambition.--Village Scenes.--Steamboat Pictures.--A Heavy Swell.--A Runaway
*'''Chapter 5'''
A Traveller.--A Lively Talker.--A Wild-cat Victim
*'''Chapter 6'''
Besieging the Pilot.--Taken along.--Spoiling a Nap.--Fishing for a Plantation.--"Points" on the River.--A Gorgeous Pilot-house
*'''Chapter 7'''
River Inspectors.--Cottonwoods and Plum Point.--Hat-Island Crossing.--Touch and Go.--It is a Go.--A Lightning Pilot
*'''Chapter 8'''
A Heavy-loaded Big Gun.--Sharp Sights in Darkness.--Abandoned to his Fate.--Scraping the Banks.--Learn him or Kill him
*'''Chapter 9'''
Shake the Reef.--Reason Dethroned.--The Face of the Water-- A Bewitching Scene.--Romance and Beauty
*'''Chapter 10'''
Putting on Airs.--Taken down a bit.--Learn it as it is.--The River Rising
*'''Chapter 11'''
In the Tract Business.--Effects of the Rise.--Plantations gone.--A Measureless Sea.--A Somnambulist Pilot.--Supernatural Piloting. --Nobody there.--All Saved
*'''Chapter 12'''
Low Water.--Yawl sounding.--Buoys and Lanterns.--Cubs and Soundings.--The Boat Sunk.--Seeking the Wrecked
*'''Chapter 13'''
A Pilot's Memory.--Wages soaring.--A Universal Grasp.--Skill and Nerve.--Testing a "Cub."--"Back her for Life."--A Good Lesson
*'''Chapter 14'''
Pilots and Captains.--High-priced Pilots.--Pilots in Demand.--A Whistler.--A cheap Trade--Two-hundred-and-fifty-dollar Speed
*'''Chapter 15'''
New Pilots undermining the Pilots' Association.--Crutches and Wages. --Putting on Airs.--The Captains Weaken.--The Association Laughs.--The Secret Sign.--An Admirable System.--Rough on Outsiders.--A Tight Monopoly.--No Loophole.--The Railroads and the War
*'''Chapter 16'''
All Aboard.--A Glorious Start.--Loaded to Win.--Bands and Bugles. --Boats and Boats.--Racers and Racing
*'''Chapter 17'''
Cut-offs.--Ditching and Shooting.--Mississippi Changes.--A Wild Night.--Swearing and Guessing.--Stephen in Debt.--He Confuses his Creditors.--He makes a New Deal.--Will Pay them Alphabetically
*'''Chapter 18'''
Sharp Schooling.--Shadows.--I am Inspected.--Where did you get them Shoes?--Pull her Down--I want to kill Brown.--I try to run her.--I am Complimented
*'''Chapter 19'''
A Question of Veracity.--A Little Unpleasantness.--I have an Audience with the Captain.--Mr. Brown Retires
*'''Chapter 20'''
I become a Passenger.--We hear the News.--A Thunderous Crash.-- They Stand to their Posts.--In the Blazing Sun.--A Grewsome Spectacle.--His Hour has Struck
*'''Chapter 21'''
I get my License.--The War Begins.--I become a Jack-of-all-trades
*'''Chapter 22'''
I try the Alias Business.--Region of Goatees.--Boots begin to Appear.-- The River Man is Missing.--The Young Man is Discouraged.-- Specimen Water.--A Fine Quality of Smoke.--A Supreme Mistake. --We Inspect the Town.--Desolation Way-traffic.--A Wood-yard
*'''Chapter 23'''
Old French Settlements.--We start for Memphis.--Young Ladies and Russia-leather Bags
*'''Chapter 24'''
I receive some Information.--Alligator Boats.--Alligator Talk.--She was a Rattler to go.--I am Found Out
*'''Chapter 25'''
The Devil's Oven and Table.--A Bombshell falls.--No Whitewash.-- Thirty Years on the River.--Mississippi Uniforms.--Accidents and Casualties.--Two hundred Wrecks.--A Loss to Literature.-- Sunday-Schools and Brick Masons
*'''Chapter 26'''
War Talk.--I Tilt over Backwards.--Fifteen Shot-holes.--A Plain Story.--Wars and Feuds.--Darnell versus Watson.--A Gang and a Woodpile.--Western Grammar.--River Changes.--New Madrid. --Floods and Falls
*'''Chapter 27'''
Tourists and their Note-books.--Captain Hall.--Mrs. Trollope's Emotions.--Hon. Charles Augustus Murray's Sentiment.--Captain Marryat's Sensations.--Alexander Mackay's Feelings.--Mr. Parkman Reports
*'''Chapter 28'''
Swinging down the River.--Named for Me.--Plum Point again.-- Lights and Snag Boats.--Infinite Changes.--A Lawless River.-- Changes and Jetties.--Uncle Mumford Testifies.--Pegging the River.--What the Government does.--The Commission Men and Theories. "Had them Bad."--Jews and Prices
*'''Chapter 29'''
Murel's Gang.--A Consummate Villain.--Getting Rid of Witnesses.-- Stewart turns Traitor.--I Start a Rebellion.--I get a New Suit of Clothes.--We Cover our Tracks.--Pluck and Capacity.--A Good Samaritan City.--The Old and the New
*'''Chapter 30'''
A Melancholy Picture.--On the Move.--River Gossip.--She Went By a-Sparklin'.--Amenities of Life.--A World of Misinformation.-- Eloquence of Silence.--Striking a Snag.--Photographically Exact. --Plank Side-walks
*'''Chapter 31'''
Mutinous Language.--The Dead-house.--Cast-iron German and Flexible English.--A Dying Man's Confession.--I am Bound and Gagged.--I get Myself Free.--I Begin my Search.--The Man with one Thumb.--Red Paint and White Paper.--He Dropped on his Knees.--Fright and Gratitude.--I Fled through the Woods.--A Grisly Spectacle.--Shout, Man, Shout.--A look of Surprise and Triumph.--The Muffled Gurgle of a Mocking Laugh.--How strangely Things happen.--The Hidden Money
*'''Chapter 32'''
Ritter's Narrative.--A Question of Money.--Napoleon.--Somebody is Serious.--Where the Prettiest Girl used to Live
*'''Chapter 33'''
A Question of Division.--A Place where there was no License.--The Calhoun Land Company.--A Cotton-planter's Estimate.--Halifax and Watermelons.--Jewelled-up Bar-keepers
*'''Chapter 34'''
An Austere Man.--A Mosquito Policy.--Facts dressed in Tights.--A swelled Left Ear
*'''Chapter 35'''
Signs and Sears.--Cannon-thunder Rages.--Cave-dwellers.--A Continual Sunday.--A ton of Iron and no Glass.--The Ardent is Saved. --Mule Meat.--A National Cemetery.--A Dog and a Shell.-- Railroads and Wealth.--Wharfage Economy.--Vicksburg versus The "Gold Dust."--A Narrative in Anticipation
*'''Chapter 36'''
The Professor Spins a Yarn.--An Enthusiast in Cattle.--He makes a Proposition.--Loading Beeves at Acapulco.--He was n't Raised to it --He is Roped In.--His Dull Eyes Lit Up.--Four Aces, you Ass!-- He does n't Care for the Gores
*'''Chapter 37'''
A Terrible Disaster.--The "Gold Dust" explodes her Boilers.--The End of a Good Man . . . . .
*'''Chapter 38'''
Mr. Dickens has a Word.--Best Dwellings and their Furniture.--Albums and Music.--Pantelettes and Conch-shells.--Sugar-candy Rabbits and Photographs.--Horse-hair Sofas and Snuffers.--Rag Carpets and Bridal Chambers
*'''Chapter 39'''
Rowdies and Beauty.--Ice as Jewelry.--Ice Manufacture.--More Statistics.--Some Drummers.--Oleomargarine versus Butter.--Olive Oil versus Cotton Seed.--The Answer was not Caught.--A Terrific Episode.--A Sulphurous Canopy.--The Demons of War.--The Terrible Gauntlet
*'''Chapter 40'''
In Flowers, like a Bride.--A White-washed Castle.--A Southern Prospectus.--Pretty Pictures.--An Alligator's Meal
*'''Chapter 41'''
The Approaches to New Orleans.--A Stirring Street.--Sanitary Improvements.--Journalistic Achievements.--Cisterns and Wells .
*'''Chapter 42'''
Beautiful Grave-yards.--Chameleons and Panaceas.--Inhumation and Infection.--Mortality and Epidemics.--The Cost of Funerals
*'''Chapter 43'''
I meet an Acquaintance.--Coffins and Swell Houses.--Mrs. O'Flaherty goes One Better.--Epidemics and Embamming.--Six hundred for a Good Case.--Joyful High Spirits
*'''Chapter 44'''
French and Spanish Parts of the City.--Mr. Cable and the Ancient Quarter.--Cabbages and Bouquets.--Cows and Children.--The Shell Road.--The West End.--A Good Square Meal.--The Pompano.--The Broom-Brigade.--Historical Painting.--Southern Speech.--Lagniappe
*'''Chapter 45'''
"Waw" Talk.--Cock-Fighting.--Too Much to Bear.--Fine Writing. --Mule Racing
*'''Chapter 46'''
Mardi-Gras.--The Mystic Crewe.--Rex and Relics.--Sir Walter Scott. --A World Set Back.--Titles and Decorations.--A Change
*'''Chapter 47'''
Uncle Remus.--The Children Disappointed.--We Read Aloud.--Mr. Cable and Jean ah Poquelin.--Involuntary Trespass.--The Gilded Age.--An Impossible Combination.--The Owner Materializes.-- and Protests
*'''Chapter 48'''
Tight Curls and Springy Steps.--Steam-plows.--"No. I." Sugar.--A Frankenstein Laugh.--Spiritual Postage.--A Place where there are no Butchers or Plumbers.--Idiotic Spasms
*'''Chapter 49'''
Pilot-Farmers.--Working on Shares.--Consequences.--Men who Stick to their Posts.--He saw what he would do.--A Day after the Fair
*'''Chapter50'''
A Patriarch.----Leaves from a Diary.--A Tongue-stopper.--The Ancient Mariner.--Pilloried in Print.--Petrified Truth
*'''Chapter 51'''
A Fresh "Cub" at the Wheel.--A Valley Storm.--Some Remarks on Construction.--Sock and Buskin.--The Man who never played Hamlet.--I got Thirsty.--Sunday Statistics
*'''Chapter 52'''
I Collar an Idea.--A Graduate of Harvard.--A Penitent Thief.--His Story in the Pulpit.--Something Symmetrical.--A Literary Artist. --A Model Epistle.--Pumps again Working.--The "Nub" of the Note
*'''Chapter 53'''
A Masterly Retreat.--A Town at Rest.--Boyhood's Pranks.--Friends of my Youth.--The Refuge for Imbeciles.--I am Presented with my Measure
*'''Chapter 54'''
A Special Judgment.--Celestial Interest.--A Night of Agony.-- Another Bad Attack.--I become Convalescent.--I address a Sunday-school.--A Model Boy
*'''Chapter 55'''
A second Generation.--A hundred thousand Tons of Saddles.--A Dark and Dreadful Secret.--A Large Family.--A Golden-haired Darling. --The Mysterious Cross.--My Idol is Broken.--A Bad Season of Chills and Fever.--An Interesting Cave
*'''Chapter 56'''
Perverted History.--A Guilty Conscience.--A Supposititious Case.--A Habit to be Cultivated.--I Drop my Burden.--Difference in Time
*'''Chapter 57'''
A Model Town.--A Town that Comes up to Blow in the Summer.--The Scare-crow Dean.--Spouting Smoke and Flame.--An Atmosphere that tastes good.--The Sunset Land
*'''Chapter 58'''
An Independent Race.--Twenty-four-hour Towns.--Enchanting Scenery.--The Home of the Plow.--Black Hawk.--Fluctuating Securities.--A Contrast--Electric Lights
*'''Chapter 59'''
Indian Traditions and Rattlesnakes.--A Three-ton Word.--Chimney Rock.--The Panorama Man.--A Good Jump.--The Undying Head. --Peboan and Seegwun
*'''Chapter 60'''
The Head of Navigation.--From Roses to Snow.--Climatic Vaccination.--A Long Ride.--Bones of Poverty.--The Pioneer of Civilization.--Jug of Empire.--Siamese Twins.--The Sugar-bush.--He Wins his Bride.--The Mystery about the Blanket.--A City that is always a Novelty.--Home again
*'''Appendices A, B, C & D'''


==Dramatic adaptations==
==Dramatic adaptations==
{{Main|Life on the Mississippi (film)}}
{{Main|Life on the Mississippi (film)}}
In 1980 the book was adapted as a [[TV movie]] for American [[public television]], with David Knell performing as [[Sam Clemens]] (Mark Twain's real name), and [[Robert Lansing (actor)|Robert Lansing]] as [[Horace Ezra Bixby|Horace Bixby]], the steamboat pilot who mentored him. The film used many tall tales from the book, woven into a fictional narrative.
In 1980, the book was adapted as a [[TV movie]] for American [[public television]], with David Knell performing as [[Samuel Clemens]] (Mark Twain's real name) and [[Robert Lansing (actor)|Robert Lansing]] as Horace Bixby, the steamboat pilot who mentored him. The film used many tall tales from the book, woven into a fictional narrative.


In 2010, ''Life on the Mississippi'' was adapted as a stage musical, with book and lyrics by [[Douglas Parker|Douglas M. Parker]] and music by [[Denver Casado]]. It was produced that year in [[Kansas City, Missouri]] and [[Door County, Wisconsin]].
In 2010, ''Life on the Mississippi'' was adapted as a stage musical, with book and lyrics by [[Douglas Parker|Douglas M. Parker]] and music by [[Denver Casado]]. It was produced that year in [[Kansas City, Missouri]], and [[Door County, Wisconsin]].


In 2013, "Life On The Mississippi, A Musical Play" with book, music, and lyrics by Philip W. Hall was produced in New York by Workshop Theatre Company. It was directed by Susanna Frazer.
In 2013, ''Life on the Mississippi'', a musical play by Philip Hall, was performed at the Workshop Theater Company in New York. It was directed by Susanna Frazer.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[George Washington Cable]]
*[[George Washington Cable]]
*[[Firefighter]]
*[[Lagniappe]]
*[[Lagniappe]]
*[[Joseph Alexander Mabry, Jr.]]
*[[Joseph Alexander Mabry, Jr.]]
*[[Mark Twain Birthplace State Historic Site]]
*[[Mark Twain Birthplace State Historic Site]]
*[[Mark Twain Boyhood Home & Museum]]
*[[Mark Twain Boyhood Home & Museum]]
*[[Mark Twain House]]
*[[Mud clerk]]
*[[Mud clerk]]
*[[Paddle steamer]]
*[[Paddle steamer]]
*[[Pennsylvania (steamboat)|''Pennsylvania'' steamboat]]
*[[Riverboat]]
*[[Riverboat]]
*[[Steamboat]]
*[[Steamboat]]
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==External links==
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikisource}}
{{wikisource|Life on the Mississippi|''Life on the Mississippi''}}
* {{gutenberg|no=245|name=Life on the Mississippi}}
* {{gutenberg|no=245|name=Life on the Mississippi}}
* {{FadedPage|id=20171208|name=Life on the Mississippi}}
* {{FadedPage|id=20171208|name=Life on the Mississippi}}
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* {{librivox book | title=Life on the Mississippi | author=Mark Twain}}
* {{librivox book | title=Life on the Mississippi | author=Mark Twain}}
* [http://imdb.com/title/tt0081054/combined IMDb entry for PBS movie]
* [http://imdb.com/title/tt0081054/combined IMDb entry for PBS movie]

* [https://staging.airflowsciences.com/rkn/Twain/3400-3449/3410/index.html Images of First London Edition]
* [https://staging.airflowsciences.com/rkn/Twain/3400-3449/3411/index.html Images of First U.S. Edition]


{{Twain}}
{{Twain}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1883 books]]
[[Category:1883 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Mississippi River]]
[[Category:Works about the Mississippi River]]
[[Category:Books by Mark Twain]]
[[Category:Books by Mark Twain]]
[[Category:Non-fiction books about racism]]
[[Category:Non-fiction books about racism]]
[[Category:American memoirs]]
[[Category:Non-fiction books adapted into films]]

Latest revision as of 01:52, 27 July 2024

Life on the Mississippi
Cover of the original U.S. edition, 1883
AuthorMark Twain
LanguageEnglish
GenreBiography
PublisherJames R. Osgood & Co., Boston (U.S. edition)
Chatto & Windus, London (English edition)
Publication date
1883
Publication placeUnited States and England
Media typePrint
Pages624 [1]
Preceded byThe Prince and the Pauper 
Followed byAdventures of Huckleberry Finn 

Life on the Mississippi is a memoir by Mark Twain of his days as a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi River before the American Civil War published in 1883. It is also a travel book, recounting his trips on the Mississippi River, from St. Louis to New Orleans and then from New Orleans to Saint Paul, many years after the war.

Overview

[edit]

The book begins with a brief history of the river as reported by Europeans and Americans, beginning with the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1542.[2] It continues with anecdotes of Twain's training as a steamboat pilot, as the 'cub' (apprentice) of an experienced pilot, Horace E. Bixby. He describes, with great affection, the science of navigating the ever-changing Mississippi River in a section that was first published in 1876, entitled "Old Times on the Mississippi". Although Twain was actually 21 when he began his training, he uses artistic license to make himself seem somewhat younger, referring to himself as a "fledgling" and a "boy" who "ran away from home" to seek his fortune on the river, and playing up his own callowness and naïveté.

In the second half, Twain narrates his trip many years later on a steamboat from St. Louis to New Orleans, shortly followed by a steamboat journey from New Orleans to St Paul (with a stop at his boyhood home town of Hannibal, MO). He describes the competition from railroads, and the new, large cities, and adds his observations on greed, gullibility, tragedy, and bad architecture. He also tells some stories that are most likely tall tales.

Publication

[edit]

Simultaneously published in 1883 in the United States and Great Britain, the book was the first submitted to a publisher as a typewritten manuscript.[3] Twain did not, however, use the typewriter himself. His secretary, Isabel V. Lyon, typed from Twain's manuscript.[4]

Dramatic adaptations

[edit]
Main article: Life on the Mississippi (film)

In 1980, the book was adapted as a TV movie for American public television, with David Knell performing as Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain's real name) and Robert Lansing as Horace Bixby, the steamboat pilot who mentored him. The film used many tall tales from the book, woven into a fictional narrative.

In 2010, Life on the Mississippi was adapted as a stage musical, with book and lyrics by Douglas M. Parker and music by Denver Casado. It was produced that year in Kansas City, Missouri, and Door County, Wisconsin.

In 2013, Life on the Mississippi, a musical play by Philip Hall, was performed at the Workshop Theater Company in New York. It was directed by Susanna Frazer.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Facsimile of the original 1st edition.
  2. ^ Twain, Mark; Clemens, Samuel L. (2000) [1883]. Life on the Mississippi. Mineola, NY: Dover. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-486-41426-3.and
    Facsimile copy of the First edition, page 26"[...] De Soto, the first white man who ever saw the Mississippi River, saw it in 1542 [...]"
  3. ^ "The First Typewriter". Rehr, Darryl. Archived from the original on 2009-02-01. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  4. ^ Dobson, James E. (2017). Modernity and Autobiography in Nineteenth-Century America. Palgrave. pp. 9–11. ISBN 978-3-319-67321-9.
[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to Life on the Mississippi.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:


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