Bronchopneumonia: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Human disease}} |
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|name = Bronchopneumonia |
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| ⚫ | '''Bronchopneumonia''' is a subtype of [[pneumonia]]. It is the acute [[inflammation]] of the [[Bronchus|bronchi]], accompanied by inflamed patches in the nearby lobules of the lungs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/bronchopneumonia|title=bronchopneumonia|website=YourDictionary| |
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| ⚫ | '''Bronchopneumonia''' is a subtype of [[pneumonia]]. It is the acute [[inflammation]] of the [[Bronchus|bronchi]], accompanied by inflamed patches in the nearby lobules of the lungs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/bronchopneumonia|title=bronchopneumonia|website=YourDictionary|access-date=2020-01-08}} citing: Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition, Copyright 2014</ref> |
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| ⚫ | It is often contrasted with [[lobar pneumonia]] but in clinical practice the types are difficult to apply, as the patterns usually overlap.<ref name=Weisenberg2011>{{cite web|url=https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/lungnontumorinfectionsgeneral.html|title=Lung - nontumor, Infections, Pneumonia - general|website=PathologyOutlines|author=Elliot Weisenberg, M.D.}} Topic Completed: 1 August 2011</ref> Bronchopneumonia (lobular) often leads to lobar pneumonia as the infection progresses. The same organism may cause one type of pneumonia in one patient, and another in a different patient. |
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| ⚫ | It is often contrasted with [[lobar pneumonia]]; but, in clinical practice, the types are difficult to apply, as the patterns usually overlap.<ref name=Weisenberg2011>{{cite web|url=https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/lungnontumorinfectionsgeneral.html|title=Lung - nontumor, Infections, Pneumonia - general|website=PathologyOutlines|author=Elliot Weisenberg, M.D.}} Topic Completed: 1 August 2011</ref> Bronchopneumonia (lobular) often leads to lobar pneumonia as the infection progresses. The same organism may cause one type of pneumonia in one patient, and another in a different patient. |
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| ⚫ | [[File:X-ray of bronchopneumonia.png|thumb|X-ray of bronchopneumonia: multifocal lung consolidation bilaterally.<ref>{{cite |
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Bronchopneumonia is usually a [[bacterial pneumonia]] rather than being caused by [[viral disease]].<ref name=helathline>{{cite web|url=https://www.healthline.com/health/bronchopneumonia#causes|title=Bronchopneumonia: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Treatment|website=[[HealthLine]]|author=Janelle Martel and Rachel Nall}} Medically reviewed by Gerhard Whitworth, RN, on April 19, 2019</ref> |
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| ⚫ | [[File:X-ray of bronchopneumonia.png|thumb|X-ray of bronchopneumonia: multifocal lung consolidation bilaterally.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Franquet|first1=Tomás|last2=Chung|first2=Johnathan H.|title=Diseases of the Chest, Breast, Heart and Vessels 2019-2022 |chapter=Imaging of Pulmonary Infection |year=2019|pages=65–77|issn=2523-7829|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-11149-6_7|publisher=Part of the IDKD Springer Series Book Series (IDKD)|series=IDKD Springer Series|pmid=32096948|pmc=7123565|isbn=978-3-030-11148-9}}<br />-"This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)"</ref>]] |
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| ⚫ | It is more commonly a [[hospital-acquired pneumonia]] than a [[community-acquired pneumonia]], in contrast to [[lobar pneumonia]].<ref name="ReynoldsMcdonald2010">{{cite journal|last1=Reynolds|first1=J H|last2=Mcdonald|first2=G|last3=Alton|first3=H|last4=Gordon|first4=S B|title=Pneumonia in the immunocompetent patient|journal=The British Journal of Radiology|volume=83|issue=996|year=2010|pages=998–1009|issn=0007-1285|doi=10.1259/bjr/31200593}}</ref> |
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Bronchopneumonia is less likely than [[lobar pneumonia]] to be associated with ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]''.<ref name="urlLobar Pneumonia">{{cite web |url=http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/medicine/PULMONAR/cxr/atlas/pneumonia.htm |title=Lobar Pneumonia |work= |accessdate=2008-11-16}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | It is more commonly a [[hospital-acquired pneumonia]] than a [[community-acquired pneumonia]], in contrast to [[lobar pneumonia]].<ref name="ReynoldsMcdonald2010">{{cite journal|last1=Reynolds|first1=J H|last2=Mcdonald|first2=G|last3=Alton|first3=H|last4=Gordon|first4=S B|title=Pneumonia in the immunocompetent patient|journal=The British Journal of Radiology|volume=83|issue=996|year=2010|pages=998–1009|issn=0007-1285|doi=10.1259/bjr/31200593|pmid=21088086|pmc=3473604}}</ref> |
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Bronchopneumonia is less likely than [[lobar pneumonia]] to be associated with ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]''.<ref name="urlLobar Pneumonia">{{cite web |url=http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/medicine/PULMONAR/cxr/atlas/pneumonia.htm |title=Lobar Pneumonia |access-date=2008-11-16|website=Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus}}</ref> Rather, the bronchopneumonia pattern has been associated mainly with the following: ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', ''[[Klebsiella]]'', ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' and ''[[Pseudomonas]]''.<ref name="urlPulmonary Pathology">{{cite web |url=http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/LUNGHTML/LUNG007.html |title=Pulmonary Pathology |access-date=2008-11-21|website=Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library}}</ref> |
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== Pathology == |
== Pathology == |
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[[File:Histopathology of bronchopneumonia.jpg|thumb|Histopathology of bronchopneumonia, showing [[neutrophil]]s filling a [[bronchiole]].]] |
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Bronchopneumonia may sometimes be diagnosed after death, during [[autopsy]]. |
Bronchopneumonia may sometimes be diagnosed after death, during [[autopsy]]. |
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On [[gross pathology]] there are typically multiple [[focus (geometry)|foci]] of consolidation |
On [[gross pathology]] there are typically multiple [[focus (geometry)|foci]] of consolidation present in the basal lobes of the [[human lung]], often bilateral. These lesions are 2–4 cm in diameter, grey-yellow, dry, often centered on a [[bronchiole]], poorly delimited, and with the tendency to confluence, especially in children. |
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[[Light microscopy]] typically shows neutrophils in bronchi, bronchioles and adjacent alveolar spaces.<ref name=Weisenberg2011/> |
[[Light microscopy]] typically shows neutrophils in bronchi, bronchioles and adjacent alveolar spaces.<ref name=Weisenberg2011/> |
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==Treatment |
==Treatment== |
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{{Further|Pneumonia}} |
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Compared to [[pneumonia]] in general, the association between the bronchopneumonia pattern and [[hospital-acquired pneumonia]] warrants greater consideration of [[multiple drug resistance]] in the choice of antibiotics. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Lobar pneumonia]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Respiratory pathology}} |
{{Respiratory pathology}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Pneumonia]] |
[[Category:Pneumonia]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:01, 28 July 2024
| Bronchopneumonia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Bronchial pneumonia, bronchogenic pneumonia |
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| Typical distribution of lobar pneumonia (left in image) and bronchopneumonia (right in image) | |
| Specialty | Pulmonology, infectious disease |
Bronchopneumonia is a subtype of pneumonia. It is the acute inflammation of the bronchi, accompanied by inflamed patches in the nearby lobules of the lungs.[1]
It is often contrasted with lobar pneumonia; but, in clinical practice, the types are difficult to apply, as the patterns usually overlap.[2] Bronchopneumonia (lobular) often leads to lobar pneumonia as the infection progresses. The same organism may cause one type of pneumonia in one patient, and another in a different patient.
Causes
[edit]It is more commonly a hospital-acquired pneumonia than a community-acquired pneumonia, in contrast to lobar pneumonia.[4]
Bronchopneumonia is less likely than lobar pneumonia to be associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae.[5] Rather, the bronchopneumonia pattern has been associated mainly with the following: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, E. coli and Pseudomonas.[6]
Pathology
[edit]
Bronchopneumonia may sometimes be diagnosed after death, during autopsy.
On gross pathology there are typically multiple foci of consolidation present in the basal lobes of the human lung, often bilateral. These lesions are 2–4 cm in diameter, grey-yellow, dry, often centered on a bronchiole, poorly delimited, and with the tendency to confluence, especially in children.
Light microscopy typically shows neutrophils in bronchi, bronchioles and adjacent alveolar spaces.[2]
Treatment
[edit]Compared to pneumonia in general, the association between the bronchopneumonia pattern and hospital-acquired pneumonia warrants greater consideration of multiple drug resistance in the choice of antibiotics.
References
[edit]- ^ "bronchopneumonia". YourDictionary. Retrieved 2020-01-08. citing: Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition, Copyright 2014
- ^ a b Elliot Weisenberg, M.D. "Lung - nontumor, Infections, Pneumonia - general". PathologyOutlines. Topic Completed: 1 August 2011
- ^ Franquet, Tomás; Chung, Johnathan H. (2019). "Imaging of Pulmonary Infection". Diseases of the Chest, Breast, Heart and Vessels 2019-2022. IDKD Springer Series. Part of the IDKD Springer Series Book Series (IDKD). pp. 65–77. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11149-6_7. ISBN 978-3-030-11148-9. ISSN 2523-7829. PMC 7123565. PMID 32096948.
-"This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)" - ^ Reynolds, J H; Mcdonald, G; Alton, H; Gordon, S B (2010). "Pneumonia in the immunocompetent patient". The British Journal of Radiology. 83 (996): 998–1009. doi:10.1259/bjr/31200593. ISSN 0007-1285. PMC 3473604. PMID 21088086.
- ^ "Lobar Pneumonia". Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
- ^ "Pulmonary Pathology". Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
