Mummy forgeries: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Fake archaeological finds}} |
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{{Specific|date=October 2009}} |
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Throughout history there have been several '''mummy forgeries'''. |
Throughout history there have been several '''mummy forgeries'''. |
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==Hackensack forgery== |
==Hackensack forgery== |
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In 1928, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' reported |
In 1928, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' reported an event in Hackensack, New Jersey when an "Egyptian Princess" was found to be a forgery. A local minister who said he acquired it in Europe had given it to the Bergen Country Historical Society in 1902. It gained great notoriety on display in the Johnson Public Library until the curator, Mrs. Frances Westervelt, found it to be a rag-stuffed fake. The "mummy" was removed and incinerated.<ref name = "wp2">{{cite news |
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| title =Egyptian Princess Mummy Mere Rag-Stuffed Dummy |
| title =Egyptian Princess Mummy Mere Rag-Stuffed Dummy |
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| newspaper =Washington Post |
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| archive-date = May 24, 2011 |
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==Mississippi State Capitol forgery== |
==Mississippi State Capitol forgery== |
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In the 1920s, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History purchased a large collection of Native American artifacts from Colonel Brevoort Butler. Included in these artifacts was one item that was clearly not of Native origin, an Egyptian mummy. For decades this item was on display in the [[Mississippi State Capitol|State Capitol Building]], becoming a much-loved attraction and source of local pride. |
In the 1920s, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History purchased a large collection of Native American artifacts from the nephew of Colonel Brevoort Butler after Butler's death. Included in these artifacts was one item that was clearly not of Native origin, an Egyptian mummy. For decades this item was on display in the [[Mississippi State Capitol|State Capitol Building]], becoming a much-loved attraction and source of local pride. |
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In 1969, Gentry Yeatman, a medical student with an interest in archeology, asked the museum for human remains to study for evidence of disease. Permission was granted to remove the mummy and for it to be sent to the University of Mississippi Medical Center for an autopsy. Radiological examination showed a few animal ribs and several square nails holding together a wooden frame. |
In 1969, Gentry Yeatman, a medical student with an interest in archeology, asked the museum for human remains to study for evidence of disease. Permission was granted to remove the mummy and for it to be sent to the University of Mississippi Medical Center for an autopsy. Radiological examination showed a few animal ribs and several square nails holding together a wooden frame. |
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Upon closer examination it was found to be primarily composed of papier-mâché. German newsprint was found as well as an 1898 issue of the [[Milwaukee Journal]]. The fake mummy has now become more famous than ever and transformed into a prized possession linked deeply to the folk history of Mississippi.<ref>Capers, Charlotte. "Dummy Mummy," ''The Delta Review'', Vol.6, No.9, pp. 78-80, 1969.</ref> |
Upon closer examination it was found to be primarily composed of [[papier-mâché]]. German newsprint was found as well as an 1898 issue of the ''[[Milwaukee Journal]]''. The fake mummy has now become more famous than ever and transformed into a prized possession linked deeply to the folk history of Mississippi.<ref>Capers, Charlotte. "Dummy Mummy," ''The Delta Review'', Vol.6, No.9, pp. 78-80, 1969.</ref> |
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==Persian Princess== |
==Persian Princess== |
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{{further| |
{{further|Persian Princess}} |
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The Persian Princess or Persian Mummy is a [[mummy]] of an alleged [[Persian Empire|Persian]] princess that surfaced in [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Pakistani Baluchistan]] in |
The Persian Princess or Persian Mummy is a [[mummy]] of an alleged [[Persian Empire|Persian]] princess that surfaced in [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Pakistani Baluchistan]] in October 2000. After huge publicity and further investigation, the mummy proved to be an [[archaeological forgery]] and possibly a murder victim.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Romey |first1= Kristin M. |last2= Rose |first2= Mark |date=January–February 2001 |url= http://www.archaeology.org/0101/etc/persia.html |title= Special Report: Saga of the Persian Princess |journal= Archaeology |volume= 54 |issue= 1 |publisher= Archaeological Institute of America}}</ref> |
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==Pregnant Mummy== |
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Researcher discover from Warsaw Mummy Project what they thought was the mummy of Egyptian priest, Hor-Djehuty was in fact a mummified corpse of a pregnant woman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-have-identified-the-world-s-first-ever-pregnant-embalmed-egyptian-mummy |title=A Pregnant Ancient Egyptian Mummy Has Been Discovered in a Shocking World First |website=ScienceAlert |first=Michelle |last=Starr |date=30 April 2021 |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news%2C87581%2Cworlds-first-pregnant-ancient-egyptian-mummy-identified-warsaw.html |title=World's first pregnant ancient Egyptian mummy identified in Warsaw |website=Science in Poland |first=Szymon |last=Zdziebłowski |date=29 April 2021 |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref> The pregnancy claim has been questioned by a later paper.<ref name=Braulińska>{{cite journal | last=Braulińska | first=Kamila | last2=Kownacki | first2=Łukasz | last3=Ignatowicz-Woźniakowska | first3=Dorota | last4=Kurpik | first4=Maria | title=The “pregnant mummy” from Warsaw reassessed: NOT pregnant. Radiological case study, literature review of ancient feti in Egypt and the pitfalls of archaeological and non-archaeological methods in mummy studies | journal=Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences | volume=14 | issue=8 | date=2022 | issn=1866-9557 | doi=10.1007/s12520-022-01598-z}}</ref> |
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When Wężyk-Rudzki originally brought the mummy to Poland in the 19th century, he suggested that it had been found in the [[Theban Necropolis|royal tombs in Thebes]]. But the archaeologists are uncertain about this or any of the mummy's background. Ejsmond explained: "We are not sure if it's true. It was quite common for people to provide false provenance to archaeologists to increase their value and significance because it looked better, so we should be very careful about such statements. There is no grounds to confirm it."<ref name="CNN" /> |
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This could also go part way to explaining why the mummy as encased in a tomb with the priest's name. "This is one of the most complex matters," said Ejsmond. "We know that in ancient times coffins were reused. Sometimes tombs were robbed and stolen so that they could be reused.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |last=Kolirin |first=Lianne |date=30 April 2021 |title=First pregnant Egyptian mummy surprises researchers |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/pregnant-mummy-revealed-scli-intl-scn/index.html |work=CNN |location=Poland |access-date=30 April 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430114453/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/pregnant-mummy-revealed-scli-intl-scn/index.html |archive-date=30 April 2021}}</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Archaeological forgery]] |
* [[Archaeological forgery]] |
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* [[List of hoaxes]] |
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* [[Mummy]] |
* [[Mummy]] |
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* [[Persian Princess]] |
* [[Persian Princess]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://mdah.state.ms.us/ Mississippi Department of Archives and History] |
* [http://mdah.state.ms.us/ Mississippi Department of Archives and History] |
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*{{cite |
*{{cite news |
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| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110524111355/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/147524702.html?dids=147524702:147524702&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=JUN+20,+1969&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=X-RAY+WRAPS+IT+UP:+MUMMY+FAKE&pqatl=google |
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| year =1969 |
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| month =June 20 |
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}} "The "Egyptian Mummy" was a popular tourist attraction in the Mississippi Capital. The state was justifiably proud of the relic of the ancient land of the pyramids. Then came Gentry Yeatman, 22, a medical student whose school project was to x-ray the mummy and make a report to the Department of Archives and History." |
}} "The "Egyptian Mummy" was a popular tourist attraction in the Mississippi Capital. The state was justifiably proud of the relic of the ancient land of the pyramids. Then came Gentry Yeatman, 22, a medical student whose school project was to x-ray the mummy and make a report to the Department of Archives and History." |
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*{{cite journal |
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| journal =[[European Stars And Stripes]] |
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*{{cite journal |
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| journal =[[The Argus]] |
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{{Mummies}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mummy Forgeries}} |
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[[Category:Archaeological forgeries]] |
[[Category:Archaeological forgeries]] |
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[[Category:Mummies]] |
[[Category:Mummies]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:46, 28 July 2024
 | This article focuses too much on specific examples. (October 2009) |
Throughout history there have been several mummy forgeries.
Hackensack forgery
[edit]In 1928, The Washington Post reported an event in Hackensack, New Jersey when an "Egyptian Princess" was found to be a forgery. A local minister who said he acquired it in Europe had given it to the Bergen Country Historical Society in 1902. It gained great notoriety on display in the Johnson Public Library until the curator, Mrs. Frances Westervelt, found it to be a rag-stuffed fake. The "mummy" was removed and incinerated.[1]
Mississippi State Capitol forgery
[edit]In the 1920s, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History purchased a large collection of Native American artifacts from the nephew of Colonel Brevoort Butler after Butler's death. Included in these artifacts was one item that was clearly not of Native origin, an Egyptian mummy. For decades this item was on display in the State Capitol Building, becoming a much-loved attraction and source of local pride.
In 1969, Gentry Yeatman, a medical student with an interest in archeology, asked the museum for human remains to study for evidence of disease. Permission was granted to remove the mummy and for it to be sent to the University of Mississippi Medical Center for an autopsy. Radiological examination showed a few animal ribs and several square nails holding together a wooden frame.
Upon closer examination it was found to be primarily composed of papier-mâché. German newsprint was found as well as an 1898 issue of the Milwaukee Journal. The fake mummy has now become more famous than ever and transformed into a prized possession linked deeply to the folk history of Mississippi.[2]
Persian Princess
[edit]The Persian Princess or Persian Mummy is a mummy of an alleged Persian princess that surfaced in Pakistani Baluchistan in October 2000. After huge publicity and further investigation, the mummy proved to be an archaeological forgery and possibly a murder victim.[3]
Pregnant Mummy
[edit]Researcher discover from Warsaw Mummy Project what they thought was the mummy of Egyptian priest, Hor-Djehuty was in fact a mummified corpse of a pregnant woman.[4][5] The pregnancy claim has been questioned by a later paper.[6]
When Wężyk-Rudzki originally brought the mummy to Poland in the 19th century, he suggested that it had been found in the royal tombs in Thebes. But the archaeologists are uncertain about this or any of the mummy's background. Ejsmond explained: "We are not sure if it's true. It was quite common for people to provide false provenance to archaeologists to increase their value and significance because it looked better, so we should be very careful about such statements. There is no grounds to confirm it."[7]
This could also go part way to explaining why the mummy as encased in a tomb with the priest's name. "This is one of the most complex matters," said Ejsmond. "We know that in ancient times coffins were reused. Sometimes tombs were robbed and stolen so that they could be reused.[7]
Notes
[edit]- ^ "Egyptian Princess Mummy Mere Rag-Stuffed Dummy". Washington Post. October 26, 1928. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. "The prize exhibit of the Bergen County Historical Society for the last 26 years has been the mummy of an Egyptian princess reposing in the museum occupying the top floor of the Johnson Public Library here."
- ^ Capers, Charlotte. "Dummy Mummy," The Delta Review, Vol.6, No.9, pp. 78-80, 1969.
- ^ Romey, Kristin M.; Rose, Mark (January–February 2001). "Special Report: Saga of the Persian Princess". Archaeology. 54 (1). Archaeological Institute of America.
- ^ Starr, Michelle (30 April 2021). "A Pregnant Ancient Egyptian Mummy Has Been Discovered in a Shocking World First". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
- ^ Zdziebłowski, Szymon (29 April 2021). "World's first pregnant ancient Egyptian mummy identified in Warsaw". Science in Poland. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
- ^ Braulińska, Kamila; Kownacki, Łukasz; Ignatowicz-Woźniakowska, Dorota; Kurpik, Maria (2022). "The "pregnant mummy" from Warsaw reassessed: NOT pregnant. Radiological case study, literature review of ancient feti in Egypt and the pitfalls of archaeological and non-archaeological methods in mummy studies". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 14 (8). doi:10.1007/s12520-022-01598-z. ISSN 1866-9557.
- ^ a b Kolirin, Lianne (30 April 2021). "First pregnant Egyptian mummy surprises researchers". CNN. Poland. Archived from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]- Mississippi Department of Archives and History
- "X-ray Wraps It Up:Mummy Fake". Washington Post. 20 June 1969. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. "The "Egyptian Mummy" was a popular tourist attraction in the Mississippi Capital. The state was justifiably proud of the relic of the ancient land of the pyramids. Then came Gentry Yeatman, 22, a medical student whose school project was to x-ray the mummy and make a report to the Department of Archives and History."