Robert Barrie: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|British officer of the Royal Navy}} |
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{{other people||Robert Barry (disambiguation)}} |
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{{about||the Australian modern pentathlete|Robert Barrie (pentathlete)|people with a similar name|Robert Barry (disambiguation)}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}} |
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{{Infobox military person |
{{Infobox military person |
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| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]] |
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|name= Sir Robert Barrie |
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| name = Robert Barrie |
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| image = Sir Robert Barrie.jpg |
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| caption = |
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|rank=[[Rear Admiral|Rear-Admiral]] |
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| rank = [[Rear admiral]] |
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|allegiance={{flagcountry|UKGBI}} |
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| allegiance = {{flagcountry|UKGBI}} |
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| branch = {{navy|UKGBI}} |
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|commands={{HMS|Calypso|1783|6}}<br>{{HMS|Dragon|1798|6}}<br>{{HMS|Brilliant|1804|6}}<br>{{HMS|Pomone|1805|6}}<br>{{HMS|Cockburn|1827|6}} |
| commands = {{HMS|Calypso|1783|6}}<br>{{HMS|Dragon|1798|6}}<br>{{HMS|Brilliant|1804|6}}<br>{{HMS|Pomone|1805|6}}<br>{{HMS|Cockburn|1827|6}} |
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|battles=[[War of 1812]] |
| battles = [[War of 1812]] |
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|family= |
| family = |
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|nickname= |
| nickname = |
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| ⚫ | |||
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1774|05|05|df=y}} |
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|birth_place=[[St. Augustine, Florida]] |
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| birth_place = [[St. Augustine, Florida|St. Augustine]], [[Spanish Florida]] (present-day United States) |
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|death_place=[[Swarthdale]] |
| death_place = [[Swarthdale]], England |
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|placeofburial= |
| placeofburial = |
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|serviceyears= |
| serviceyears = 1788–1841 |
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|laterwork=Commissioner of the [[Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard| |
| laterwork = Commissioner of the [[Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard|Royal Naval Dockyard]] at [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston, British Canada]] |
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|awards= [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]]<br>[[Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order]] |
| awards = [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]]<br>[[Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order]] |
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}} |
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'''Sir Robert Barrie''' [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath|KCB]] |
[[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral]] '''Sir Robert Barrie''' {{Post-nominals|list=[[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath|KCB]] [[Royal Guelphic Order|KCH]]}} (5 May 1774 – 7 June 1841) was a British naval officer noted for his service in the [[War of 1812]]. He was helped early in his naval career by the patronage of his uncle, [[Alan Gardner, 1st Baron Gardner|Sir Alan Gardner]], who arranged for him to take part in the [[Vancouver Expedition]]. When the [[British Columbia Coast|Pacific Coast]] was explored, he had served as a midshipman with Captain Vancouver in 1791. |
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==Career== |
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Barrie served in European waters from 1801 to 1811. He was mentioned in dispatches for his gallant conduct in a fight with a French squadron when, as First Lieutenant of [[Bordelais (1798 ship)|''Bourdelais'']], "though dangerously wounded, he had disdained to quit the deck". Barrie then commanded a number of ships during the [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary]] and [[Napoleonic Wars]]. In 1804 he had been promoted Captain commanded ''Brilliant'' at 24-guns and in 1806 he went to ''Pomone'' at 38-guns. On 5 June 1807, he attacked a convoy of seventeen ships, sank three men-of-war, and captured fourteen other warships and store ships. He captured a privateer commanded by De Boissi, the Adjutant-General of France. In 1809, he captured a French warship and five transports. In 1811 he captured a Corsican fort and three French men-of-war.<ref name="Professor Richard A p 198-211">Broad Pennants on Point Frederick By Professor Richard A. Preston, Department of History. Royal Military College 1958 p 198-211</ref> In 1811, he captured several important French prisoners, including [[Napoleon]]'s brother [[Lucien Bonaparte]] on a French ship. He was particularly active during the War of 1812, carrying out several successful attacks on American towns and shipping in the [[Penobscot River]] region, and helping to destroy the [[Chesapeake Bay Flotilla]]. From 1813 to 1815 he served in the ''Dragon'' in American waters, and here again he made many captures. In 1813 Barrie collected runaway slaves from the Maryland and Virginia shores. After a brief period spent living in France Barrie took up the post of Acting Commissioner of the Quebec Dockyard 1817–1818.<ref name="Professor Richard A p 198-211"/> |
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By 1819, he served as Commissioner of the [[Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard|dockyard]] at [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]]. He was active in a number of areas, building and expanding the dockyard and promoting important hydrographic surveys and the construction of canals. Between 1819 and 1820 Captain Barrie, as Flag Officer of the Great Lakes, built the [[HMCS Stone Frigate|Stone Frigate]] in Kingston Royal Navy Dockyard to house the gear of the warships of 1812 laid up in Navy Bay. His instructions were to expedite the repair of the vessels at the bases in case of any emergency. From December 1820, the command of Flag Officer of the Great Lakes disappeared from the Navy List. In March 1824 Barrie was listed as "Acting Resident Commissioner, Kingston, Upper Canada" and his headquarters was shown to have been transferred to Kingston.<ref name="Professor Richard A p 198-211"/> |
By 1819, he served as Commissioner of the [[Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard|dockyard]] at [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]]. He was active in a number of areas, building and expanding the dockyard and promoting important hydrographic surveys and the construction of canals. Between 1819 and 1820 Captain Barrie, as Flag Officer of the Great Lakes, built the [[HMCS Stone Frigate|Stone Frigate]] in Kingston Royal Navy Dockyard to house the gear of the warships of 1812 laid up in Navy Bay. His instructions were to expedite the repair of the vessels at the bases in case of any emergency. From December 1820, the command of Flag Officer of the Great Lakes disappeared from the Navy List. In March 1824 Barrie was listed as "Acting Resident Commissioner, Kingston, Upper Canada" and his headquarters was shown to have been transferred to Kingston.<ref name="Professor Richard A p 198-211"/> |
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|url=http://www.clements.umich.edu/Webguides/Arlenes/B/Barrie.html |
|url=http://www.clements.umich.edu/Webguides/Arlenes/B/Barrie.html |
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|title=Letters of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie |
|title=Letters of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie |
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|access-date=24 February 2007|publisher=William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061014180431/http://www.clements.umich.edu/Webguides/Arlenes/B/Barrie.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 14 October 2006}}</ref> Barrie gained an acting promotion to Lieutenant on the expedition, and commanded a survey party on the northern coast of what is now [[British Columbia]]. He was formally promoted to Lieutenant upon the return to England in October 1795.<ref name="DCB"/> In 1800 Barrie served in the [[West Indies]] under [[Thomas Manby]], who had also taken part in the Vancouver expedition.<ref name="DCB"/> On 23 October 1801 Barrie received a promotion to commander, and seven months later was advanced to [[post-captain]] while commanding the 16-gun [[sloop-of-war|sloop]] [[HMS Calypso (1783)|''Calypso'']].<ref name="DCB"/> |
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==Later commands== |
==Later commands== |
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Barrie took command of the [[frigate]] {{HMS|Pomone|1805|6}} in June 1806, serving initially off the French coast and then in the Mediterranean. He captured two significant Frenchmen during this period, the adjutant general of France, Chevalier Charles de Boissi, in June 1809, and [[Napoleon]]'s brother [[Lucien Bonaparte]], in October 1810, while Lucien was attempting to escape to America from Italy.<ref name="DCB"/> |
Barrie took command of the [[frigate]] {{HMS|Pomone|1805|6}} in June 1806, serving initially off the French coast and then in the Mediterranean. He captured two significant Frenchmen during this period, the adjutant general of France, Chevalier Charles de Boissi, in June 1809, and [[Napoleon]]'s brother [[Lucien Bonaparte]], in October 1810, while Lucien was attempting to escape to America from Italy.<ref name="DCB"/> |
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On 1 May 1811 with two other ships, he entered the Gulf of [[Sagone |
On 1 May 1811 with two other ships, he entered the Gulf of [[Sagone, Corsica]], sank three ships and destroyed its fortifications. He was then ordered to bring the British ambassador to Persia back to England, but ''Pomone'' was sunk while approaching [[Portsmouth]]. The subsequent court-martialled for the loss of the ship acquitted Barrie of misconduct but did censure the pilot.<ref name="DCB"/> |
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==War of 1812== |
==War of 1812== |
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Forces under Barrie went on to destroy the [[Chesapeake Bay Flotilla]].<ref name="DCB"/> |
Forces under Barrie went on to destroy the [[Chesapeake Bay Flotilla]].<ref name="DCB"/> |
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In November 1813, ten of Whittington's slaves escaped to the |
In November 1813, ten of Virginia slave owner Thomas Whittington's slaves escaped to the ''Dragon''.<sup>3</sup> The ship had dropped anchor off St. George's Island near the Maryland shore of the Potomac River, but it was also visible from the Virginia shore. The ten slaves were George, age twenty-five; Jane, age thirty-three; Leviticus, age sixteen; Willouby, age thirteen; Levincy, age ten; John, age ten; Eliza, age seven; Louisa, age five; and Ezekiel and Isaiah, both six months old.<sup>4</sup><ref>'''3. ''' Claim of Thomas Whittington, Case 818. Case Files, compiled ca. 1827 - ca. 1828, documenting the period ca. 1814 - ca. 1828. *ARC Identifier 1174160 / MLR Number PI 177 190*. National Archives, College Park. |
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David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. ''Encyclopedia of the War of 1812'' (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997) 224. |
David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. ''Encyclopedia of the War of 1812'' (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997) 224. |
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'''4. ''' Claim of Thomas Whittington, Case 818. Case Files, compiled ca. 1827 - ca. 1828, documenting the period ca. 1814 - ca. 1828. *ARC Identifier 1174160 / MLR Number PI 177 190*. National Archives, College Park.</ref> |
'''4. ''' Claim of Thomas Whittington, Case 818. Case Files, compiled ca. 1827 - ca. 1828, documenting the period ca. 1814 - ca. 1828. *ARC Identifier 1174160 / MLR Number PI 177 190*. National Archives, College Park.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas Whittington (b. circa 1785 - d. circa 1826) |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5400/sc5496/050800/050819/html/050819bio.html |publisher=Archives of Maryland |access-date=28 June 2021}}</ref> |
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That November, Thomas Whittington, his neighbor John Grinstead, and several other Virginians boarded the ''Dragon'' under a flag of truce. The commander of the 37th Regiment of the Virginia militia sent along an artillery captain, Joseph Deshields, to accompany them.<sup>5</sup> However, when Whittington demanded the return of his slaves, Commodore Barrie replied that the slaves "would not be delivered up unless they were willing to go."<sup>6</sup> |
That November, Thomas Whittington, his neighbor John Grinstead, and several other Virginians boarded the ''Dragon'' under a flag of truce. The commander of the 37th Regiment of the Virginia militia sent along an artillery captain, Joseph Deshields, to accompany them.<sup>5</sup> However, when Whittington demanded the return of his slaves, Commodore Barrie replied that the slaves "would not be delivered up unless they were willing to go."<sup>6</sup> |
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==Post-war== |
==Post-war== |
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Barrie went onto [[half pay]] after the end of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] in 1815. He married Julia Wharton Ingilby on 24 October 1816 and went to live in France. He returned to service in January 1819, with the post of commissioner of the [[Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard|dockyard]] at [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston, Upper Canada]].<ref name="DCB"/> The post made him senior naval officer in the Canadas, with control over the inland waterways and the |
Barrie went onto [[half pay]] after the end of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] in 1815. He married Julia Wharton Ingilby on 24 October 1816 and went to live in France. He returned to service in January 1819, with the post of commissioner of the [[Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard|dockyard]] at [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston, Upper Canada]].<ref name="DCB"/> The post made him senior naval officer in the Canadas, with control over the inland waterways and the [[Port of Quebec|port at Quebec]]. His instructions were to expedite the repair of the vessels at the bases in case of any emergency. He settled at [[Point Frederick (Kingston, Ontario)|Point Frederick, Kingston]] and among his achievements was the construction of a three-storey stone warehouse between 1819 and 1820. The building held the equipment of the ships reduced to the reserve under the [[Rush–Bagot Agreement]] of 1817.<ref name="DCB"/> It was used briefly as a barracks, and then refitted to become part of the [[Royal Military College of Canada]] by 1876. It still survives, and is known as [[HMCS Stone Frigate]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Alan |title=The Stone Frigate |url=http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Frontenac18.html |website=Ontario's Historical Plaques |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> |
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From December 1820, the command of Flag Officer of the Great Lakes disappeared from the Navy List. In March 1824 Barrie was listed as "Acting Resident Commissioner, Kingston, Upper Canada" and his headquarters was shown to have been transferred to Kingston.<ref name="Professor Richard A p 198-211"/> Barrie exerted himself in a number of maritime-related matters, including the [[Canada–United States border#International Boundary Commission (1925)|International Boundary Commission]]. He promoted a [[hydrographic survey]] of the [[Saint Lawrence River]] and the Great Lakes, the building of the [[Rideau Canal|Rideau]] and [[Welland Canal|Welland]] canals, and relations with the United States. He became particular friends with a number of politicians, including Governors [[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie|Lord Dalhousie]] and his successor [[Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer|Lord Aylmer]], and [[Peregrine Maitland|Sir Peregrine Maitland]] and his wife Lady Sarah.<ref name="DCB"/> During his later in Canada Barrie considered the possibility of a seat on the executive councils of the Canadas, but received an unpromising response from Sir [[George Cockburn]].<ref name="DCB"/> |
From December 1820, the command of Flag Officer of the Great Lakes disappeared from the Navy List. In March 1824 Barrie was listed as "Acting Resident Commissioner, Kingston, Upper Canada" and his headquarters was shown to have been transferred to Kingston.<ref name="Professor Richard A p 198-211"/> Barrie exerted himself in a number of maritime-related matters, including the [[Canada–United States border#International Boundary Commission (1925)|International Boundary Commission]]. He promoted a [[hydrographic survey]] of the [[Saint Lawrence River]] and the Great Lakes, the building of the [[Rideau Canal|Rideau]] and [[Welland Canal|Welland]] canals, and relations with the United States. He became particular friends with a number of politicians, including Governors [[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie|Lord Dalhousie]] and his successor [[Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer|Lord Aylmer]], and [[Peregrine Maitland|Sir Peregrine Maitland]] and his wife Lady Sarah.<ref name="DCB"/> During his later time in Canada Barrie considered the possibility of a seat on the executive councils of the Canadas, but received an unpromising response from Sir [[George Cockburn]].<ref name="DCB"/> |
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==Later life== |
==Later life== |
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Barrie returned to England in 1825 and was consulted by the [[Admiralty]] on the naval establishments and defences of the Canadas. He was subsequently promoted to commodore first class and returned to Kingston in 1827. In August 1827, the ''Cockburn'', was commissioned as the first of the Rush-Bagot treaty gun-boats. In 1831, he was ordered by the Admiralty to sell off the old warships of 1812 and to prepare to close down the dockyard fit. He remained there until June 1834, when the inland naval establishment was abolished. In 1834, he was ordered to strike his broad pennant and pay off the ''Cockburn.'' After the ''St. Lawrence'' was sold, for $9925, the other old warships remained as hulks in the Navy Bay or "in frame" on the stocks on Point Frederick. The naval stores were sold, or sent down to Quebec for carriage to England. Barrie, a popular figure in Kingston, left for England.<ref name="Professor Richard A p 198-211"/> |
Barrie returned to England in 1825 and was consulted by the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] on the naval establishments and defences of the Canadas. He was subsequently promoted to commodore first class and returned to Kingston in 1827. In August 1827, the ''Cockburn'', was commissioned as the first of the Rush-Bagot treaty gun-boats. In 1831, he was ordered by the Admiralty to sell off the old warships of 1812 and to prepare to close down the dockyard fit. He remained there until June 1834, when the inland naval establishment was abolished. In 1834, he was ordered to strike his broad pennant and pay off the ''Cockburn.'' After the ''St. Lawrence'' was sold, for $9925, the other old warships remained as hulks in the Navy Bay or "in frame" on the stocks on Point Frederick. The naval stores were sold, or sent down to Quebec for carriage to England. Barrie, a popular figure in Kingston, left for England.<ref name="Professor Richard A p 198-211"/> |
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He was appointed a [[Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order]] and was [[knighthood|knighted]] by [[William IV of the United Kingdom|King William IV]]. Barrie was promoted to rear-admiral in 1837, and in 1840 was further honoured by being created a [[Knight Commander of the Bath]].<ref name="DCB"/> Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie died on 7 June 1841 at his seat in [[Swarthdale]].<ref name="DCB"/> |
He was appointed a [[Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order]] and was [[knighthood|knighted]] by [[William IV of the United Kingdom|King William IV]]. Barrie was promoted to rear-admiral in 1837, and in 1840 was further honoured by being created a [[Knight Commander of the Bath]].<ref name="DCB"/> Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie died on 7 June 1841 at his seat in [[Swarthdale]].<ref name="DCB"/> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://www.rmc.ca/other/museum/gallery/dockyard4_e.html Painting of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie] at the [[Royal Military College of Canada|RMC]] Museum |
* [http://www.rmc.ca/other/museum/gallery/dockyard4_e.html Painting of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie] at the [[Royal Military College of Canada|RMC]] Museum |
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* [http://www.clements.umich.edu/Webguides/Arlenes/B/Barrie.html Letters of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie] at William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan |
* [http://www.clements.umich.edu/Webguides/Arlenes/B/Barrie.html Letters of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014180431/http://www.clements.umich.edu/Webguides/Arlenes/B/Barrie.html |date=14 October 2006 }} at William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Barrie, Robert}} |
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[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]] |
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]] |
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[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the War of 1812]] |
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the War of 1812]] |
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[[Category:British explorers of North America]] |
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[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]] |
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]] |
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[[Category:Knights Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order]] |
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[[Category:Pre-Confederation Ontario people]] |
[[Category:Pre-Confederation Ontario people]] |
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[[Category:Royal Navy admirals]] |
[[Category:Royal Navy rear admirals]] |
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[[Category:Explorers of Canada]] |
[[Category:Explorers of Canada]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:16, 28 July 2024
Robert Barrie | |
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| Born | 5 May 1774 St. Augustine, Spanish Florida (present-day United States) |
| Died | 7 June 1841 (aged 67) Swarthdale, England |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service |  Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 1788–1841 |
| Rank | Rear admiral |
| Commands | HMS Calypso HMS Dragon HMS Brilliant HMS Pomone HMS Cockburn |
| Battles / wars | War of 1812 |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order |
| Other work | Commissioner of the Royal Naval Dockyard at Kingston, British Canada |
Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie KCB KCH (5 May 1774 – 7 June 1841) was a British naval officer noted for his service in the War of 1812. He was helped early in his naval career by the patronage of his uncle, Sir Alan Gardner, who arranged for him to take part in the Vancouver Expedition. When the Pacific Coast was explored, he had served as a midshipman with Captain Vancouver in 1791.
Career
[edit]Barrie served in European waters from 1801 to 1811. He was mentioned in dispatches for his gallant conduct in a fight with a French squadron when, as First Lieutenant of Bourdelais, "though dangerously wounded, he had disdained to quit the deck". Barrie then commanded a number of ships during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. In 1804 he had been promoted Captain commanded Brilliant at 24-guns and in 1806 he went to Pomone at 38-guns. On 5 June 1807, he attacked a convoy of seventeen ships, sank three men-of-war, and captured fourteen other warships and store ships. He captured a privateer commanded by De Boissi, the Adjutant-General of France. In 1809, he captured a French warship and five transports. In 1811 he captured a Corsican fort and three French men-of-war.[1] In 1811, he captured several important French prisoners, including Napoleon's brother Lucien Bonaparte on a French ship. He was particularly active during the War of 1812, carrying out several successful attacks on American towns and shipping in the Penobscot River region, and helping to destroy the Chesapeake Bay Flotilla. From 1813 to 1815 he served in the Dragon in American waters, and here again he made many captures. In 1813 Barrie collected runaway slaves from the Maryland and Virginia shores. After a brief period spent living in France Barrie took up the post of Acting Commissioner of the Quebec Dockyard 1817–1818.[1]
By 1819, he served as Commissioner of the dockyard at Kingston. He was active in a number of areas, building and expanding the dockyard and promoting important hydrographic surveys and the construction of canals. Between 1819 and 1820 Captain Barrie, as Flag Officer of the Great Lakes, built the Stone Frigate in Kingston Royal Navy Dockyard to house the gear of the warships of 1812 laid up in Navy Bay. His instructions were to expedite the repair of the vessels at the bases in case of any emergency. From December 1820, the command of Flag Officer of the Great Lakes disappeared from the Navy List. In March 1824 Barrie was listed as "Acting Resident Commissioner, Kingston, Upper Canada" and his headquarters was shown to have been transferred to Kingston.[1]
He cultivated friendships with several important political figures, and on his return to England in 1834 received a number of honours.
Family and early life
[edit]Barrie was born at St. Augustine, Florida on 5 May 1774, the son of Scottish surgeon Dr Robert Barrie of Sanquhar and his wife, Dorothea (Dolly) Gardner, the sister of Sir Alan Gardner. His mother returned to England on the death of her husband in 1775, and settled in Preston, Lancashire.[2] In 1784 she remarried George Clayton, a textile manufacturer, while her son was schooled at Neston, Cheshire, and later at Dedham. Between 1784 and 1788, he was carried on the books of HMS Europa as a servant to the captain (his uncle, Alan Gardner) but most likely his first shipboard service was as a junior midshipman on HMS Goliath.[3]
Vancouver expedition
[edit]Gardner arranged for Barrie to serve as a midshipman aboard HMS Discovery from December 1790 until 1795, during George Vancouver's voyage of diplomacy and exploration along the Pacific coast of North America. Many of his letters home survive, describing his experiences of adventure, punctuated by periods of boredom after he exhausted the books on the ships.[4] Barrie gained an acting promotion to Lieutenant on the expedition, and commanded a survey party on the northern coast of what is now British Columbia. He was formally promoted to Lieutenant upon the return to England in October 1795.[2] In 1800 Barrie served in the West Indies under Thomas Manby, who had also taken part in the Vancouver expedition.[2] On 23 October 1801 Barrie received a promotion to commander, and seven months later was advanced to post-captain while commanding the 16-gun sloop Calypso.[2]
Later commands
[edit]Barrie took command of the frigate HMS Pomone in June 1806, serving initially off the French coast and then in the Mediterranean. He captured two significant Frenchmen during this period, the adjutant general of France, Chevalier Charles de Boissi, in June 1809, and Napoleon's brother Lucien Bonaparte, in October 1810, while Lucien was attempting to escape to America from Italy.[2]
On 1 May 1811 with two other ships, he entered the Gulf of Sagone, Corsica, sank three ships and destroyed its fortifications. He was then ordered to bring the British ambassador to Persia back to England, but Pomone was sunk while approaching Portsmouth. The subsequent court-martialled for the loss of the ship acquitted Barrie of misconduct but did censure the pilot.[2]
War of 1812
[edit]Barrie took command of the 74-gun third-rate HMS Dragon in October 1812, and sailed to America during the War of 1812. He participated in the blockade of Chesapeake Bay. He served as the commodore of the squadron for several months, and captured over 85 vessels. His squadron blockaded the Patuxent River between June and August. In September 1814 he joined Sir John Coape Sherbrooke's forces for the attack on the Penobscot River region in the American state of Maine (then part of Massachusetts). Barrie commanded a joint expedition that defeated American militia in the Battle of Hampden, capturing and looting the towns of Hampden and Bangor and destroying the frigate USS Adams. Barrie's rough treatment of the captured towns in central Maine earned the British lasting resentment in that region.[5]
Forces under Barrie went on to destroy the Chesapeake Bay Flotilla.[2]
In November 1813, ten of Virginia slave owner Thomas Whittington's slaves escaped to the Dragon.3 The ship had dropped anchor off St. George's Island near the Maryland shore of the Potomac River, but it was also visible from the Virginia shore. The ten slaves were George, age twenty-five; Jane, age thirty-three; Leviticus, age sixteen; Willouby, age thirteen; Levincy, age ten; John, age ten; Eliza, age seven; Louisa, age five; and Ezekiel and Isaiah, both six months old.4[6][7]
Post-war
[edit]Barrie went onto half pay after the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. He married Julia Wharton Ingilby on 24 October 1816 and went to live in France. He returned to service in January 1819, with the post of commissioner of the dockyard at Kingston, Upper Canada.[2] The post made him senior naval officer in the Canadas, with control over the inland waterways and the port at Quebec. His instructions were to expedite the repair of the vessels at the bases in case of any emergency. He settled at Point Frederick, Kingston and among his achievements was the construction of a three-storey stone warehouse between 1819 and 1820. The building held the equipment of the ships reduced to the reserve under the Rush–Bagot Agreement of 1817.[2] It was used briefly as a barracks, and then refitted to become part of the Royal Military College of Canada by 1876. It still survives, and is known as HMCS Stone Frigate.[8]
From December 1820, the command of Flag Officer of the Great Lakes disappeared from the Navy List. In March 1824 Barrie was listed as "Acting Resident Commissioner, Kingston, Upper Canada" and his headquarters was shown to have been transferred to Kingston.[1] Barrie exerted himself in a number of maritime-related matters, including the International Boundary Commission. He promoted a hydrographic survey of the Saint Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, the building of the Rideau and Welland canals, and relations with the United States. He became particular friends with a number of politicians, including Governors Lord Dalhousie and his successor Lord Aylmer, and Sir Peregrine Maitland and his wife Lady Sarah.[2] During his later time in Canada Barrie considered the possibility of a seat on the executive councils of the Canadas, but received an unpromising response from Sir George Cockburn.[2]
Later life
[edit]Barrie returned to England in 1825 and was consulted by the Admiralty on the naval establishments and defences of the Canadas. He was subsequently promoted to commodore first class and returned to Kingston in 1827. In August 1827, the Cockburn, was commissioned as the first of the Rush-Bagot treaty gun-boats. In 1831, he was ordered by the Admiralty to sell off the old warships of 1812 and to prepare to close down the dockyard fit. He remained there until June 1834, when the inland naval establishment was abolished. In 1834, he was ordered to strike his broad pennant and pay off the Cockburn. After the St. Lawrence was sold, for $9925, the other old warships remained as hulks in the Navy Bay or "in frame" on the stocks on Point Frederick. The naval stores were sold, or sent down to Quebec for carriage to England. Barrie, a popular figure in Kingston, left for England.[1]
He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order and was knighted by King William IV. Barrie was promoted to rear-admiral in 1837, and in 1840 was further honoured by being created a Knight Commander of the Bath.[2] Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie died on 7 June 1841 at his seat in Swarthdale.[2]
Legacy
[edit]Barrie's time as commissioner in Canada was commemorated in a number of place-names, foremost of these being the city of Barrie, Ontario. Others include Barrie Creek in British Columbia, Barrie Point in British Columbia, Barrie Reach in British Columbia, the village of Barriefield in Ontario, and Barrie Island in Lake Huron.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Broad Pennants on Point Frederick By Professor Richard A. Preston, Department of History. Royal Military College 1958 p 198-211
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Brock, Thomas L. (1988). "Barrie, Sir Robert". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. VII (1836–1850) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Naish, John (1996). The Interwoven Lives of George Vancouver, Archibald Menzies, Joseph Whidbey and Peter Puget: The Vancouver Voyage of 1791-1795. The Edward Mellen Press, Ltd. ISBN 0-7734-8857-X.
- ^ "Letters of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie". William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 14 October 2006. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
- ^ William D. Williamson. History of the State of Maine (1832)
- ^ 3. Claim of Thomas Whittington, Case 818. Case Files, compiled ca. 1827 - ca. 1828, documenting the period ca. 1814 - ca. 1828. *ARC Identifier 1174160 / MLR Number PI 177 190*. National Archives, College Park. David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. Encyclopedia of the War of 1812 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997) 224. 4. Claim of Thomas Whittington, Case 818. Case Files, compiled ca. 1827 - ca. 1828, documenting the period ca. 1814 - ca. 1828. *ARC Identifier 1174160 / MLR Number PI 177 190*. National Archives, College Park.
- ^ "Thomas Whittington (b. circa 1785 - d. circa 1826)". Archives of Maryland. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ Brown, Alan. "The Stone Frigate". Ontario's Historical Plaques. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
External links
[edit]- Painting of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie at the RMC Museum
- Letters of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie Archived 14 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine at William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan
- 1774 births
- 1841 deaths
- People from St. Augustine, Florida
- Barrie
- Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
- Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
- Royal Navy personnel of the War of 1812
- British explorers of North America
- Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
- Pre-Confederation Ontario people
- Royal Navy rear admirals
- Explorers of Canada