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{{Short description|Belgian politician (1865–1941)}}
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'''Paul Louis Adrien Henri Hymans''' ([[Ixelles/Elsene]], [[March 23]] [[1865]] – [[Nice]], [[March 8]] [[1941]]), was a [[Belgium|Belgian]] [[politician]] associated with the [[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Liberal Party]]. He was the first President of the [[League of Nations]], and served again as its president in 1932-33.
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Paul Hymans
| image = Paul Hymans 01.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| alt = Paul Hymans
| caption = Paul Hymans
| birth_name = Paul Louis Adrien Henri Hymans
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1865|3|23}}
| birth_place = [[Ixelles/Elsene]], [[Belgium]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1941|3|8|1865|3|23}}
| death_place = [[Nice]], [[France]]
| nationality = Belgian
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = politician
}}


⚫
'''Paul Louis Adrien Henri Hymans''' (23 March 1865 – 8 March 1941), was a [[Belgium|Belgian]] [[politician]] associated with the [[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Liberal Party]]. He was the second president of the [[League of Nations]] and served again as its president in 1932–1933.
He became a [[lawyer]] and professor at the [[Universite Libre de Bruxelles]]. As a politician he became Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1918 to 1920 (and again from 1927 to 1935), minister of justice from 1926 to 1927, and member of the council of ministers from 1935 to 1936. In 1919, together with [[Charles de Broqueville]] and [[Emile Vandervelde]] he introduced [[universal suffrage]] for all men (''one man one vote'') and [[compulsory education]].


==Life==
After [[World War I]], he represented Belgium at the 1919-1920 [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|peace conference]]. Paul Hymans helped form the customs union of Belgium and [[Luxembourg]] ([[Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union]]) in 1921 and played a leading part in negotiating the [[Dawes Plan]] in 1924. In 1928, he signed the [[Kellogg-Briand Pact]] for Belgium.
Hymans was the son of the Belgian writer and historian [[Louis Hymans]], himself the son of a [[Jewish]] doctor originally from [[Dordrecht]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gergely |first1=Thomas |title=Salomon Louis Hymans et la Brabançonne |date=25 October 2019 |url=https://www.iejudaisme.com/post/salomon-louis-hymans-et-la-braban%C3%A7onne |publisher=Institut D'etudes du Judaisme |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> and Louise de l'Escaille, a [[Christians|Christian]] [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Belgian [[Walloons|Walloon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Over Louis Hymans |url=https://bibliotheek.be/catalogus/louis-hymans/bruxelles-dautrefois/boek/library-marc-vlacc_1148842?context=main |website=www.bibliotheek.be |access-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416232842/https://bibliotheek.be/catalogus/louis-hymans/bruxelles-dautrefois/boek/library-marc-vlacc_1148842?context=main |archive-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> His mother came from an [[:nl:De l'Escaille|old aristocratic Belgian Walloon family]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marks |first1=Sally |title=Paul Hymans: Belgium (2 The First Career) |date=2010 |pages=14–22 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1hrdn6q.5 |publisher=Haus Publishing|jstor=j.ctt1hrdn6q.5 }}</ref> He became a [[lawyer]] and professor at the [[Universite Libre de Bruxelles]]. As a politician, he became Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs, holding this post from 1918 to 1920 (and again from 1927 to 1935), was Minister of Justice from 1926 to 1927 and member of the Council of Ministers from 1935 to 1936. In 1919, together with [[Charles de Broqueville]] and [[Emile Vandervelde]] he introduced [[universal suffrage]] for all men (''[[one man, one vote]]'') and [[compulsory education]].


As foreign minister during the [[Great War]], Hymans was successful in securing promises from the Allies that amounted to [[co-belligerency]]. Britain, France and Russia pledged in the [[Declaration of Sainte-Adresse]] in February 1916 that Belgium would be included in the peace negotiations, its independence would be restored and it would receive monetary compensation from Germany for the damage. When the war began, Hymans also received major promises of relief support from the United States that were approved by President [[Woodrow Wilson]]. Relief was directed primarily by the American [[Herbert Hoover]] and involved several agencies: the [[Commission for Relief in Belgium]], [[American Relief Administration]], and [[Comité National de Secours et d'Alimentation]]. At the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]] in 1919, Belgium officially ended its longtime neutral status and became the first in line to receive reparations payments from Germany. However, Belgium received only a bit of German territory and was rejected in its demands for all of Luxembourg and part of the Netherlands. However, it was given colonial mandates over the German colonies of Rwanda and Burundi. Hymans was the leading spokesman for the small countries at Paris and became the president of the first assembly of the new League of Nations. He helped to form the [[customs union]] of Belgium and [[Luxembourg]] ([[Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union]]) in 1921 and played a leading part in negotiating the [[Dawes Plan]] in 1924. In 1928, he signed the [[Kellogg-Briand Pact]] for Belgium.<ref>Holger H. Herwig, and Neil M. Heyman, eds. ''Biographical Dictionary of World War I'' (Greenwood, 1982) p 192-93.</ref>
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He was a [[freemason]], and a member of the lodge ''[[Les Amis Philanthropes]]'' of the [[Grand Orient of Belgium]] in Brussels. Paul Hymans is interred in the [[Ixelles Cemetery]] in [[Brussels]].

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A [[Protestant]] and a [[freemason]], he was a member of the lodge ''[[Les Amis Philanthropes]]'' of the [[Grand Orient of Belgium]] in Brussels. He is interred in the [[Ixelles Cemetery]] in [[Brussels]].


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* Paul Hymans, ''Pages liberales'' (E: Liberal Notes), 1936
* Paul Hymans, ''Pages liberales'' (E: Liberal Notes), 1936

==Notes==
<References/>


==References==
==References==
* [http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=985 Paul Hymans]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060220031609/http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=985 Paul Hymans]
* Helmreich, J.E., Paul Hymans and Henri Jaspar : Contrasting Diplomatic Styles for a small power, in : Studia Diplomatica, XXXIX, 1986, p. 669-682.
* Helmreich, J.E., Paul Hymans and Henri Jaspar : Contrasting Diplomatic Styles for a small power, in : Studia Diplomatica, XXXIX, 1986, p.&nbsp;669–682.
* Willequet, J., Les mémoires de Paul Hymans, in : Le Flambeau, 1958, nr. 9-10, p. 565-573.
* Willequet, J., Les mémoires de Paul Hymans, in : Le Flambeau, 1958, nr. 9-10, p.&nbsp;565–573.


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Paul Hymans}}
* {{findagrave|8117}}
* {{Find a Grave|8117}}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/008432}}


{{start box}}
{{S-start}}
{{succession box |
{{Succession box|
before=none|
before=[[Léon Bourgeois]]|
title=[[League of Nations|President of the League of Nations]] |
title=[[League of Nations|President of the League of Nations]] |
years=1920-1921|
years=1920–1921|
after=[[Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek]]
after=[[Herman Adriaan van Karnebeek]]
}}
}}
{{end box}}
{{S-end}}
{{LoNPresidents}}
{{LoNPresidents}}
{{Justice Ministers of Belgium}}
{{liberal-stub}}
{{Authority control}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hymans, Paul}}
[[Category:1865 births]]
[[Category:1865 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:Belgian politicians]]
[[Category:Ministers of state of Belgium]]
[[Category:Belgian liberals]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of Belgium]]
[[Category:Belgian Ministers of State]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Assembly of the League of Nations]]
[[Category:Burials at Ixelles Cemetery]]
{{Belgium-politician-stub}}
[[Category:Ministers of justice of Belgium]]

[[de:Paul Hymans]]
[[fr:Paul Hymans]]
[[nl:Paul Hymans]]

Latest revision as of 20:57, 28 July 2024

Paul Hymans
Paul Hymans
Paul Hymans
Born
Paul Louis Adrien Henri Hymans

(1865-03-23)23 March 1865
Ixelles/Elsene, Belgium
Died8 March 1941(1941-03-08) (aged 75)
Nice, France
NationalityBelgian
Occupationpolitician

Paul Louis Adrien Henri Hymans (23 March 1865 – 8 March 1941), was a Belgian politician associated with the Liberal Party. He was the second president of the League of Nations and served again as its president in 1932–1933.

Life

[edit]

Hymans was the son of the Belgian writer and historian Louis Hymans, himself the son of a Jewish doctor originally from Dordrecht,[1] and Louise de l'Escaille, a Christian Protestant Belgian Walloon.[2] His mother came from an old aristocratic Belgian Walloon family.[3] He became a lawyer and professor at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles. As a politician, he became Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs, holding this post from 1918 to 1920 (and again from 1927 to 1935), was Minister of Justice from 1926 to 1927 and member of the Council of Ministers from 1935 to 1936. In 1919, together with Charles de Broqueville and Emile Vandervelde he introduced universal suffrage for all men (one man, one vote) and compulsory education.

As foreign minister during the Great War, Hymans was successful in securing promises from the Allies that amounted to co-belligerency. Britain, France and Russia pledged in the Declaration of Sainte-Adresse in February 1916 that Belgium would be included in the peace negotiations, its independence would be restored and it would receive monetary compensation from Germany for the damage. When the war began, Hymans also received major promises of relief support from the United States that were approved by President Woodrow Wilson. Relief was directed primarily by the American Herbert Hoover and involved several agencies: the Commission for Relief in Belgium, American Relief Administration, and Comité National de Secours et d'Alimentation. At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Belgium officially ended its longtime neutral status and became the first in line to receive reparations payments from Germany. However, Belgium received only a bit of German territory and was rejected in its demands for all of Luxembourg and part of the Netherlands. However, it was given colonial mandates over the German colonies of Rwanda and Burundi. Hymans was the leading spokesman for the small countries at Paris and became the president of the first assembly of the new League of Nations. He helped to form the customs union of Belgium and Luxembourg (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) in 1921 and played a leading part in negotiating the Dawes Plan in 1924. In 1928, he signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact for Belgium.[4]

A Protestant and a freemason, he was a member of the lodge Les Amis Philanthropes of the Grand Orient of Belgium in Brussels. He is interred in the Ixelles Cemetery in Brussels.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Paul Hymans, Pages liberales (E: Liberal Notes), 1936

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Gergely, Thomas (25 October 2019). "Salomon Louis Hymans et la Brabançonne". Institut D'etudes du Judaisme. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Over Louis Hymans". www.bibliotheek.be. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  3. ^ Marks, Sally (2010). Paul Hymans: Belgium (2 The First Career). Haus Publishing. pp. 14–22. JSTOR j.ctt1hrdn6q.5.
  4. ^ Holger H. Herwig, and Neil M. Heyman, eds. Biographical Dictionary of World War I (Greenwood, 1982) p 192-93.

References

[edit]
  • Paul Hymans
  • Helmreich, J.E., Paul Hymans and Henri Jaspar : Contrasting Diplomatic Styles for a small power, in : Studia Diplomatica, XXXIX, 1986, p. 669–682.
  • Willequet, J., Les mémoires de Paul Hymans, in : Le Flambeau, 1958, nr. 9-10, p. 565–573.
[edit]
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Preceded by President of the League of Nations
1920–1921 		Succeeded by
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