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The International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam took place from 24 August to 31 August 1907. It gathered delegates from 14 countries, among which important figures of the anarchist movement, including Errico Malatesta, Luigi Fabbri, Benoît Broutchoux, Pierre Monatte, Amédée Dunois, Emma Goldman, Rudolf Rocker, Christiaan Cornelissen, et al.

Organisation of the Congress

The Belgian and Dutch anarchists were at the initiative of the congress.^[1] While the Dutch took care of the material organisation of the event, the Belgians started the publication of the Bulletin of the Libertarian Internationale, which had as main editor Henri Fuss.^[1] In December 1906-January 1907, they launched a memo in seven languages calling for an international meeting, which was signed by the anarchist federations of the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Bohemia, London (anarchists speaking Yiddish)– it was not signed by any French anarchists.^[1] In France, the anarchist movement was divided into those who rejected the very idea of organization, and were therefore opposed to the very idea of an international organisation, and those who put all their hopes in the trade-unions, and thus "were occupied elsewhere".^[1] Only 8 French anarchists assisted the Congress, including Benoît Broutchoux, Pierre Monatte and René de Marmande.^[1]

The 1907 Amsterdam Congress

Various themes were treated during the Congress, in particular concerning the organization of the anarchist movement and syndicalism.^[1] Other issues included popular education, the role of the general strike, and anti-militarism– an International Antimilitarist Congress simultaneously took place in Amsterdam. However, the most important debate concerned the relation between anarchism and syndicalism (or trade-unionism). In the end, a resolution was agreed upon, which stated that "the ideas of anarchy and organization, far from being incompatibles, as it has sometimes been pretended, complete themselves and enforce each another," and concluded on the necessary "creation of anarchist groups and on the federation of the already created groups."^[1]

An Anarchist International was thereafter constituted, composed of an international bureau of 5 members (Errico Malatesta, Rudolf Rocker, Alexander Schapiro, John Turner and Jean Wilquet), with the task of "creating international anarchist archives" and to "connect anarchists from different countries."^[1]^[2] The bureau was sited in London, and a new congress envisioned for 1909. The new International, to which the French anarchists remained hostile, only edited 12 issues of an irregular bulletin.^[1] At the end of 1911, the London bureau ceased all activities.^[1]

The debate between Malatesta and Monatte

Malatesta and Monatte in particular disagreed on the issue of organization. Upholding the principles of the 1906 Charter of Amiens, which had proclaimed the ideological neutrality of trade-unions and their independence from political parties, Monatte thought that syndicalism, as understood in France, was revolutionary and would create the conditions of a social revolution.^[3] Monatte opposed this "French model" of neutrality of trade-unions to Russian anarchist trade-unions or to Belgian or German Christian or social-democrat trade-unions.^[3]

On the other hand, Malatesta criticized Monatte, stating that "syndicalism was not a necessary and sufficient means of social revolution," while at the same time supporting (as Monatte) the ideological neutrality of trade-unions, in order not to divide the workers' movement.^[4] Malatesta thought that trade-unions were reformist, and could even be, at times, conservative. Along with Cornélissen, he cited as example US trade-unions, where trade-unions composed of qualified workers sometimes worked in opposition to non-qualified workers in order to defend their relatively privileged position.^[4] According to Malatesta, anarchists had to also defend this Lumpenproletariat instead of only working for the improvement of labor conditions.^[4] Malatesta underlined divisions of interests inside the workers' movement itself, going so far as to criticize the notion of social class: "There is no class, at the strict sense of the word, as there are no class interests. Inside the workers' 'class' itself, there is, just as in the bourgeoisie, competition and struggle."^[4] Henceforth, he thought that workers' solidarity needed a common ideal, which could not be found in the frame of the professional trade-union.^[4] If Monatte had criticized the risk of a possible bureaucratization of the trade-unions, while asserting the necessity of maintaining permanent employees in trade-unions, Malatesta categorically denied the legitimacy for an anarchist to become such a permanent employee of a trade-union.^[4]

Finally, Malatesta criticized over-idealization of the general strike, stating that the latter could not, by itself, provoke a revolution, which would necessarily have to pass, according to him, by an armed insurrection.^[4]

Legacy

According to some views, this opposition between two visions of the organization of the workers' movement in trade-unions was later on merged in anarcho-syndicalism, which combined the revolutionary conception of trade-unionism with anarchist principles. However, French syndicalists Monatte and Robert Louzon continued to argue for (revolutionary) syndicalist unions independent of any political party or grouping, while Malatesta continued arguing against the syndicalist or anarcho-syndicalist conception of revolutionary unions. To him unions needed to be open to all workers open to activity to defend their conditions, and anarchists should work inside those unions to influence the broadest layer of workers, without wanting to make the unions themselves anarchist.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Jean Maitron, Le mouvement anarchiste en France, tome I, Tel Gallimard (François Maspero, 1975), pp.443-445 (in French)
^ Woodcock, George (1990). Peter Kropotkin: From Prince to Rebel. Montréal: Black Rose Books. p. 385. ISBN 0-921689-60-8. OCLC 21156316.
^ ^a ^b French: "A ce syndicalisme d'opinion qui a produit, en Russie par exemple, des syndicats anarchistes, en Belgique et en Allemagne, des syndicats chrétiens et des syndicats social-démocratiques, il appartient aux anarchistes d'opposer un syndicalisme à la manière française, un syndicalisme neutre ou, plus exactement, indépendant. De même qu'il n'y a qu'une classe ouvrière, il faut qu'il n'y ait plus, dans chaque métier et dans chaque ville, qu'une organisation ouvrière, qu'un unique syndicat. A cette condition seule, la lutte de classe - cessant d'être entravé à tout instant par les chamailleries des écoles ou des sectes rivales - pourra se développer dans toute son ampleur et donner son maximum d'effet. Le syndicalisme, a proclamé le Congrès d'Amiens en 1906, se suffit à lui-même." See Extract of Monatte's declaration Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Extract of Malatesta's declaration Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
^ Errico Malatesta, “Syndicalism and Anarchism” (April/May 1925).

External links

The proceedings of the congress at the Library of Congress
Ariane Miéville, Syndicalisme, anarchisme et anarcho-syndicalisme en débat au Congrès Anarchiste d'Amsterdam en 1907 (in French)
The International Anarchist Congress, Amsterdam 1907 Pamphlet (PDF)
International Anarchist Congress Amsterdam August 24-31, 1907 Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia
Il Congresso Internazionale Anarchico di Amsterdam (1907) - Prefazione di Maurizio Antonioli,Il Congresso Internazionale Anarchico di Amsterdam (1907 (in Italian)

[Maitron-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Jean Maitron, Le mouvement anarchiste en France, tome I, Tel Gallimard (François Maspero, 1975), pp.443-445 (in French)

[2] Woodcock, George (1990). Peter Kropotkin: From Prince to Rebel. Montréal: Black Rose Books. p. 385. ISBN 0-921689-60-8. OCLC 21156316.

[Monatte-3] French: "A ce syndicalisme d'opinion qui a produit, en Russie par exemple, des syndicats anarchistes, en Belgique et en Allemagne, des syndicats chrétiens et des syndicats social-démocratiques, il appartient aux anarchistes d'opposer un syndicalisme à la manière française, un syndicalisme neutre ou, plus exactement, indépendant. De même qu'il n'y a qu'une classe ouvrière, il faut qu'il n'y ait plus, dans chaque métier et dans chaque ville, qu'une organisation ouvrière, qu'un unique syndicat. A cette condition seule, la lutte de classe - cessant d'être entravé à tout instant par les chamailleries des écoles ou des sectes rivales - pourra se développer dans toute son ampleur et donner son maximum d'effet. Le syndicalisme, a proclamé le Congrès d'Amiens en 1906, se suffit à lui-même." See Extract of Monatte's declaration Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine (in French)

[Malatesta-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Extract of Malatesta's declaration Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine (in French)

[5] Errico Malatesta, “Syndicalism and Anarchism” (April/May 1925).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Political convention in 1907}}
 {{Anarchism sidebar |History}}
-The '''International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam''' took place from 24 August to 31 August 1907. It gathered delegates from 14 different countries, among which important figures of the [[anarchist movement]], including [[Errico Malatesta]], [[Luigi Fabbri]], [[Benoît Broutchoux]], [[Pierre Monatte]], [[Amédée Dunois]], [[Emma Goldman]], [[Rudolf Rocker]], [[Christian Cornélissen]], etc.
+The '''International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam''' took place from 24 August to 31 August 1907. It gathered delegates from 14 countries, among which important figures of the [[anarchist movement]], including [[Errico Malatesta]], [[Luigi Fabbri]], [[Benoît Broutchoux]], [[Pierre Monatte]], [[Amédée Dunois]], [[Emma Goldman]], [[Rudolf Rocker]], [[Christiaan Cornelissen]], et al.
 == Organisation of the Congress ==
-The Belgian and Dutch anarchists were at the initiative of the congress.<ref name=Maitron>[[Jean Maitron]], ''Le mouvement anarchiste en France'', tome I, Tel [[Gallimard]] ([[François Maspero]], 1975), pp.443-445 {{Fr icon}}</ref> While the Dutch took care of the material organisation of the event, the Belgians started the publication of the ''Bulletin of the Libertarian Internationale'', which had as main editor [[Henri Fuss]].<ref name=Maitron/> In December 1906-January 1907, they launched a memo in seven languages calling for an international meeting, which was signed by the anarchist federations of the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, [[Anarchism in Austria|Bohemia]], London ([[Jewish anarchism|anarchists speaking Yiddish]])– it was not signed by any [[Anarchism in France|French anarchists]].<ref name=Maitron/> In France, the anarchist movement was divided into those who rejected the very idea of organization, and were therefore opposed to the very idea of an international organisation, and those who put all their hopes in the trade-unions, and thus "were occupied elsewhere".<ref name=Maitron/> Only 8 French anarchists assisted the Congress, including Benoît Broutchoux, Pierre Monatte and [[René de Marmande]].<ref name=Maitron/>
+The Belgian and Dutch anarchists were at the initiative of the congress.<ref name=Maitron>[[Jean Maitron]], ''Le mouvement anarchiste en France'', tome I, Tel [[Gallimard]] ([[François Maspero]], 1975), pp.443-445 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> While the Dutch took care of the material organisation of the event, the Belgians started the publication of the ''Bulletin of the Libertarian Internationale'', which had as main editor [[Henri Fuss]].<ref name=Maitron/> In December 1906-January 1907, they launched a memo in seven languages calling for an international meeting, which was signed by the anarchist federations of the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, [[Anarchism in Austria|Bohemia]], London ([[Jewish anarchism|anarchists speaking Yiddish]])– it was not signed by any [[Anarchism in France|French anarchists]].<ref name=Maitron/> In France, the anarchist movement was divided into those who rejected the very idea of organization, and were therefore opposed to the very idea of an international organisation, and those who put all their hopes in the trade-unions, and thus "were occupied elsewhere".<ref name=Maitron/> Only 8 French anarchists assisted the Congress, including Benoît Broutchoux, Pierre Monatte and [[René de Marmande]].<ref name=Maitron/>
 == The 1907 Amsterdam Congress ==
 Various themes were treated during the Congress, in particular concerning the organization of the anarchist movement and [[syndicalism]].<ref name=Maitron/> Other issues included [[popular education]], the role of the  [[general strike]], and [[anti-militarism]]– an International Antimilitarist Congress simultaneously took place in Amsterdam. However, the most important debate concerned the relation between anarchism and syndicalism (or [[trade-union]]ism). In the end, a resolution was agreed upon, which stated that "the ideas of anarchy and organization, far from being incompatibles, as it has sometimes been pretended, complete themselves and enforce <!-- éclairer: light... --> each another," and concluded on the necessary "creation of anarchist groups and on the federation of the already created groups."<ref name=Maitron/>
-An Anarchist International was thereafter constituted, composed of an international bureau of 5 members (Errico Malatesta, Rudolf Rocker, [[Alexander Schapiro]], [[John Turner (anarchist)|John Turner]] and [[Jean Wilquet]]), with the task of "creating international anarchist [[archive]]s" and to "connect anarchists from different countries."<ref name=Maitron/><ref>{{cite book |authorlink=George Woodcock | last = Woodcock | first = George | title = Peter Kropotkin: From Prince to Rebel | publisher = [[Black Rose Books]] | year = 1990 | isbn = 0-921689-60-8 |oclc=21156316 |location=Montréal |page=385}}</ref> The bureau was sited in London, and a new congress envisioned for 1909. The new International, to which the French anarchists remained hostile, only edited 12 issues of an irregular bulletin.<ref name=Maitron/> At the end of 1911, the London bureau ceased all activities.<ref name=Maitron/>
+An Anarchist International was thereafter constituted, composed of an international bureau of 5 members (Errico Malatesta, Rudolf Rocker, [[Alexander Schapiro]], [[John Turner (anarchist)|John Turner]] and [[Jean Wilquet]]), with the task of "creating international anarchist [[archive]]s" and to "connect anarchists from different countries."<ref name=Maitron/><ref>{{cite book | author-link = George Woodcock | last = Woodcock | first = George | title = [[Peter Kropotkin: From Prince to Rebel]] | publisher = [[Black Rose Books]] | year = 1990 | isbn = 0-921689-60-8 | oclc = 21156316 | location = Montréal | page = [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9210921689609/page/385 385] }}</ref> The bureau was sited in London, and a new congress envisioned for 1909. The new International, to which the French anarchists remained hostile, only edited 12 issues of an irregular bulletin.<ref name=Maitron/> At the end of 1911, the London bureau ceased all activities.<ref name=Maitron/>
 == The debate between Malatesta and Monatte ==
-Malatesta and Monatte in particular disagreed on the issue of organization. Upholding the principles of the 1906 [[Charter of Amiens]], which had proclaimed the ideological neutrality of trade-unions and their independence from political parties, Monatte thought that syndicalism, as understood in France, was revolutionary and would create the conditions of a social [[revolution]].<ref name=Monatte>[[French language|French]]: "''A ce syndicalisme d’opinion qui a produit, en Russie par exemple, des syndicats anarchistes, en Belgique et en Allemagne, des syndicats chrétiens et des syndicats social-démocratiques, il appartient aux anarchistes d’opposer un syndicalisme à la manière française, un syndicalisme neutre ou, plus exactement, indépendant. De même qu’il n’y a qu’une classe ouvrière, il faut qu’il n’y ait plus, dans chaque métier et dans chaque ville, qu’une organisation ouvrière, qu’un unique syndicat. A cette condition seule, la lutte de classe - cessant d’être entravé à tout instant par les chamailleries des écoles ou des sectes rivales - pourra se développer dans toute son ampleur et donner son maximum d’effet. Le syndicalisme, a proclamé le Congrès d’Amiens en 1906, se suffit à lui-même.''" See [http://www.fondation-besnard.org/article.php3?id_article=225 Extract of Monatte's declaration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002329/http://www.fondation-besnard.org/article.php3?id_article=225 |date=2007-09-28 }} {{Fr icon}}</ref> Monatte opposed this "French model" of neutrality of trade-unions to [[Trade unions in Russia|Russian anarchist trade-unions]] or to [[Trade unions in Belgium|Belgian]] or [[Trade unions in Germany|German Christian or social-democrat trade-unions]].<ref name=Monatte/>
+Malatesta and Monatte in particular disagreed on the issue of organization. Upholding the principles of the 1906 [[Charter of Amiens]], which had proclaimed the ideological neutrality of trade-unions and their independence from political parties, Monatte thought that syndicalism, as understood in France, was revolutionary and would create the conditions of a social [[revolution]].<ref name=Monatte>[[French language|French]]: "''A ce syndicalisme d'opinion qui a produit, en Russie par exemple, des syndicats anarchistes, en Belgique et en Allemagne, des syndicats chrétiens et des syndicats social-démocratiques, il appartient aux anarchistes d'opposer un syndicalisme à la manière française, un syndicalisme neutre ou, plus exactement, indépendant. De même qu'il n'y a qu'une classe ouvrière, il faut qu'il n'y ait plus, dans chaque métier et dans chaque ville, qu'une organisation ouvrière, qu'un unique syndicat. A cette condition seule, la lutte de classe - cessant d'être entravé à tout instant par les chamailleries des écoles ou des sectes rivales - pourra se développer dans toute son ampleur et donner son maximum d'effet. Le syndicalisme, a proclamé le Congrès d'Amiens en 1906, se suffit à lui-même.''" See [http://www.fondation-besnard.org/article.php3?id_article=225 Extract of Monatte's declaration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002329/http://www.fondation-besnard.org/article.php3?id_article=225 |date=2007-09-28 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Monatte opposed this "French model" of neutrality of trade-unions to [[Trade unions in Russia|Russian anarchist trade-unions]] or to [[Trade unions in Belgium|Belgian]] or [[Trade unions in Germany|German Christian or social-democrat trade-unions]].<ref name=Monatte/>
-On the other hand, Malatesta criticized Monatte, stating that "syndicalism was not a necessary and sufficient means of social revolution," while at the same time supporting (as Monatte) the ideological neutrality of trade-unions, in order not to divide the workers' movement.<ref name=Malatesta>[http://www.fondation-besnard.org/article.php3?id_article=225 Extract of Malatesta's declaration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002329/http://www.fondation-besnard.org/article.php3?id_article=225 |date=2007-09-28 }} {{Fr icon}}</ref> Malatesta thought that trade-unions were [[reformist]], and could even be, at times, [[conservative]]. Along with Cornélissen, he cited as example [[Labor unions in the United States|US trade-unions]], where trade-unions composed of qualified workers sometimes worked in opposition to non-qualified workers in order to defend their relatively privileged position.<ref name=Malatesta/> According to Malatesta, anarchists had to also defend this ''[[Lumpenproletariat]]'' instead of only working for the improvement of labor conditions.<ref name=Malatesta/> Malatesta underlined divisions of interests inside the workers' movement itself, going so far as to criticize the notion of [[social class]]: "There is no class, at the strict sense of the word, as there are no class interests. Inside the workers' 'class' itself, there is, just as in the [[bourgeoisie]], competition and struggle."<ref name=Malatesta/> Henceforth, he thought that workers' solidarity needed a common ideal, which could not be found in the frame of the professional trade-union.<ref name=Malatesta/> If Monatte had criticized the risk of a possible [[bureaucratization]] of the trade-unions, while asserting the necessity of maintaining permanent employees in trade-unions, Malatesta categorically denied the legitimacy for an anarchist to become such a permanent employee of a trade-union.<ref name=Malatesta/>
+On the other hand, Malatesta criticized Monatte, stating that "syndicalism was not a necessary and sufficient means of social revolution," while at the same time supporting (as Monatte) the ideological neutrality of trade-unions, in order not to divide the workers' movement.<ref name=Malatesta>[http://www.fondation-besnard.org/article.php3?id_article=225 Extract of Malatesta's declaration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002329/http://www.fondation-besnard.org/article.php3?id_article=225 |date=2007-09-28 }} {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Malatesta thought that trade-unions were [[reformist]], and could even be, at times, [[conservative]]. Along with Cornélissen, he cited as example [[Labor unions in the United States|US trade-unions]], where trade-unions composed of qualified workers sometimes worked in opposition to non-qualified workers in order to defend their relatively privileged position.<ref name=Malatesta/> According to Malatesta, anarchists had to also defend this ''[[Lumpenproletariat]]'' instead of only working for the improvement of labor conditions.<ref name=Malatesta/> Malatesta underlined divisions of interests inside the workers' movement itself, going so far as to criticize the notion of [[social class]]: "There is no class, at the strict sense of the word, as there are no class interests. Inside the workers' 'class' itself, there is, just as in the [[bourgeoisie]], competition and struggle."<ref name=Malatesta/> Henceforth, he thought that workers' solidarity needed a common ideal, which could not be found in the frame of the professional trade-union.<ref name=Malatesta/> If Monatte had criticized the risk of a possible [[bureaucratization]] of the trade-unions, while asserting the necessity of maintaining permanent employees in trade-unions, Malatesta categorically denied the legitimacy for an anarchist to become such a permanent employee of a trade-union.<ref name=Malatesta/>
 Finally, Malatesta criticized over-idealization of the general strike, stating that the latter could not, by itself, provoke a revolution, which would necessarily have to pass, according to him, by an [[Insurrectionary anarchism|armed insurrection]].<ref name=Malatesta/>
@@ Line 20: / Line 21: @@
 == Legacy ==
-According to some views, this opposition between two visions of the organization of the [[workers' movement]] in trade-unions was later on merged in [[anarcho-syndicalism]], which combined the revolutionary conception of trade-unionism with anarchist principles. However, French syndicalists Monatte and [[Robert Louzon]] continued to argue for (revolutionary) syndicalist unions independent of any political party or grouping, while Maletesta continued arguing against the syndicalist or anarcho-syndicalist conception of revolutionary unions. To him unions needed to be open to all workers open to activity to defend their conditions, and anarchists should work inside those unions to influence the broadest layer of workers, without wanting to make the unions themselves anarchist.<ref>Errico Malatesta, [http://www.marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1925/04/syndic1.htm “Syndicalism and Anarchism”] (April/May 1925).</ref>
+According to some views, this opposition between two visions of the organization of the [[workers' movement]] in trade-unions was later on merged in [[anarcho-syndicalism]], which combined the revolutionary conception of trade-unionism with anarchist principles. However, French syndicalists Monatte and [[Robert Louzon]] continued to argue for (revolutionary) syndicalist unions independent of any political party or grouping, while Malatesta continued arguing against the syndicalist or anarcho-syndicalist conception of revolutionary unions. To him unions needed to be open to all workers open to activity to defend their conditions, and anarchists should work inside those unions to influence the broadest layer of workers, without wanting to make the unions themselves anarchist.<ref>Errico Malatesta, [http://www.marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1925/04/syndic1.htm “Syndicalism and Anarchism”] (April/May 1925).</ref>
 == See also ==
@@ Line 29: / Line 30: @@
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+==Further reading==
+* {{cite book|last=Damier|first=Vadim|year=2009|orig-year=2000|chapter=Revolutionary-Syndicalism and Anarchism|title=Anarcho-syndicalism in the 20th Century|translator-last=Archibald|translator-first=Malcolm|location=[[Edmonton]]|publisher=Black Cat Press|pages=23–41|isbn=978-0-9737827-6-9}}
 ==External links==
 *[http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/scd0001.20020908003in.2 The proceedings of the congress at the Library of Congress]
-*Ariane Miéville, [http://www.pelloutier.net/dossiers/dossiers.php?id_dossier=151 Syndicalisme, anarchisme et anarcho-syndicalisme en débat au Congrès Anarchiste d’Amsterdam en 1907] {{Fr icon}}
+*Ariane Miéville, [http://www.pelloutier.net/dossiers/dossiers.php?id_dossier=151 Syndicalisme, anarchisme et anarcho-syndicalisme en débat au Congrès Anarchiste d'Amsterdam en 1907] {{in lang|fr}}
 *[http://www.fdca.it/fdcaen/press/pamphlets/sla-5/sla-5.pdf The International Anarchist Congress, Amsterdam 1907 Pamphlet (PDF)]
-*[http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/Amsterdam1907.htm International Anarchist Congress Amsterdam August 24-31, 1907] Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514034510/http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/Amsterdam1907.htm International Anarchist Congress Amsterdam August 24-31, 1907] Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia
-*[http://ienaridensnexus.blogspot.it/2011/10/il-congresso-internazionale-anarchico.html Il Congresso Internazionale Anarchico di Amsterdam (1907) - Prefazione di Maurizio Antonioli],[http://ienaridensnexus.blogspot.it/2011/11/il-congresso-internazionale-anarchico_30.html Il Congresso Internazionale Anarchico di Amsterdam (1907] {{It icon}}
+*[http://ienaridensnexus.blogspot.it/2011/10/il-congresso-internazionale-anarchico.html Il Congresso Internazionale Anarchico di Amsterdam (1907) - Prefazione di Maurizio Antonioli],[http://ienaridensnexus.blogspot.it/2011/11/il-congresso-internazionale-anarchico_30.html Il Congresso Internazionale Anarchico di Amsterdam (1907] {{in lang|it}}
+{{Anarchism}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:International Anarchist Congress Of Amsterdam}}
 [[Category:History of anarchism]]
-[[Category:Political congresses]]
+[[Category:Anarchist congresses]]
 [[Category:Syndicalism]]
 [[Category:Anarchism in the Netherlands]]
 [[Category:1907 in politics]]
 [[Category:1907 conferences]]
+[[Category:1900s political conferences]]
+[[Category:August 1907 events]]
+[[Category:1900s in Amsterdam]]
+[[Category:1907 in the Netherlands]]