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{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| image = Rosa_pimpinellifolia.jpg
| image = Rosa_pimpinellifolia.jpg
| image_caption = Burnet rose flower
| genus = Rosa
| genus = Rosa
| species = pimpinellifolia
| species = pimpinellifolia
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}}
}}


'''''Rosa pimpinellifolia''''', the '''burnet rose''', is a species of [[rose]] native to western, central and southern [[Europe]] (north to [[Iceland]] and [[Norway]]) and northwest [[Africa]].
'''''Rosa pimpinellifolia''''', the '''burnet rose''',<ref>{{cite book |author1=David Chapman |title=Exploring the Cornish Coast |date=2008 |publisher=Alison Hodge |location=[[Penzance]] |isbn=9780906720561 |page=105}}</ref> is a species of [[rose]] native to western, central and southern [[Europe]] (north to [[Iceland]] and [[Norway]]) and northwest [[Africa]].


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
It is generally restricted to [[sand]] [[dune]]s or [[limestone]] pavements and typically has a [[coast]]al distribution when not on limestone.
It is generally restricted to [[sand]] [[dune]]s or [[limestone]] pavements and typically has a [[coast]]al distribution when not on limestone.


==Description==
==Description==
It is a rather low erect deciduous plant usually from 20–140 cm high but sometimes up to 2 metres. It spreads by [[basal shoot]]s and can cover large areas. The stems have very numerous stiff bristles and many straight [[Thorns, spines, and prickles|prickles]]. The young stems and prickles and the mature leaves tend to be very red with young growth a bright scarlet and older growth a deep maroon.
It is a rather low erect deciduous plant usually from 20–140&nbsp;cm high but sometimes up to 2 metres. It spreads by [[basal shoot]]s and can cover large areas. The stems have very numerous stiff bristles and many straight [[Thorns, spines, and prickles|prickles]]. The young stems and prickles and the mature leaves tend to be very red with young growth a bright scarlet and older growth a deep maroon.


The [[flower]]s are cream-white although rarely also pale pink. They are 2–4 cm diameter with five petals, which produce a distinctive globular dark purple to black [[rose hip|hips]].
The [[flower]]s are cream-white although rarely also pale pink. They are 2–4&nbsp;cm diameter with five petals, which produce a distinctive globular dark purple to black [[rose hip|hips]].


Similar plants native further east in [[Asia]], sometimes treated as ''Rosa pimpinellifolia'' var. ''subalpina'', are now regarded as a separate species ''[[Rosa oxyacantha]]'' (''Flora of China''); it differs in having pink flowers and red hips.
Similar plants native further east in [[Asia]], sometimes treated as ''Rosa pimpinellifolia'' var. ''subalpina'', are now regarded as a separate species ''[[Rosa oxyacantha]]'' (''Flora of China''); it differs in having pink flowers and red hips.


==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
Numerous varieties are cultivated, of which "Stanwell Perpetual" has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=
Numerous [[cultivar]]s are grown, of which 'Stanwell Perpetual' has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=
https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/90378/Rosa-Stanwell-Perpetual-(SpH)/Details?returnurl=%2fplants%2fsearch-results%3fform-mode%3dtrue%26query%3drosa%2bpimpinellifolia%26aliaspath%3d%252fplants%252fsearch-results
https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/90378/Rosa-Stanwell-Perpetual-(SpH)/Details?returnurl=%2fplants%2fsearch-results%3fform-mode%3dtrue%26query%3drosa%2bpimpinellifolia%26aliaspath%3d%252fplants%252fsearch-results
|title=Rosa ''Stanwell Perpetual''
|title=''Rosa'' 'Stanwell Perpetual'
|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society
|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society
|accessdate=29 Apr 2017}}</ref> It has very pale pink double flowers, fading to white.
|accessdate=29 Apr 2017}}</ref> It has very pale pink double flowers, fading to white.


<gallery>
⚫
In emblematic terms it is particularly associated with [[Scotland]], where it is traditionally referenced in poetry and song, and is a symbolic native plant second only to the [[thistle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/archivists-garden/index-by-plant-name/white-rose-of-scotland-scots-rose-burnet-rose|title=National Records of Scotland|first=National Records of Scotland Web|last=Team|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk}}</ref>
⚫
Image:Rosa pimpinellifolia young stem.jpg|Young stem with spines
⚫
Image:Rosa pimpinellifolia hip.jpg|The hip
⚫
Image:RosaPimpinellifoliaPlena1UME.jpg|'Plena', a commonly grown cultivar
⚫
Image:Rosa spinosissima.JPG|In the Dutch dunes with hoverfly
</gallery>

==Symbology==

⚫
In emblematic terms it is particularly associated with [[Scotland]], where it is traditionally referenced in poetry and song, and is a symbolic native plant second only to the [[thistle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/archivists-garden/index-by-plant-name/white-rose-of-scotland-scots-rose-burnet-rose|title=National Records of Scotland|first=National Records of Scotland Web|last=Team|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|date=31 May 2013}}</ref>


<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:White Rose Badge of York.svg|White Rose Badge of York
⚫
Image:Rosa pimpinellifolia young stem.jpg|Young stem with spines.
Image:Flag_of_Prince_Charles_Edward_Stuart.svg|Flag of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
⚫
Image:Rosa pimpinellifolia hip.jpg|The fruit – called hip.
Image:Tudor Rose.svg|Tudor Rose
⚫
Image:RosaPimpinellifoliaPlena1UME.jpg|'Plena', a commonly grown cultivar.
⚫
Image:Rosa spinosissima.JPG|In the Dutch dunes with hoverfly.
</gallery>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Rosa+&SPECIES_XREF=pimpinellifolia&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Rosa pimpinellifolia'']
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Rosa+&SPECIES_XREF=pimpinellifolia&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Rosa pimpinellifolia'']
*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Rosa+pimpinellifolia Plants for a Future: ''Rosa pimpinellifolia'']
*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Rosa+pimpinellifolia Plants for a Future: ''Rosa pimpinellifolia'']
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q158359}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q158359}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Roses|pimpinellifolia]]
[[Category:Roses|pimpinellifolia]]

Latest revision as of 02:07, 29 July 2024

Rosa pimpinellifolia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Rosa
Species:
R. pimpinellifolia
Binomial name
Rosa pimpinellifolia

Rosa pimpinellifolia, the burnet rose,[1] is a species of rose native to western, central and southern Europe (north to Iceland and Norway) and northwest Africa.

Habitat

[edit]

It is generally restricted to sand dunes or limestone pavements and typically has a coastal distribution when not on limestone.

Description

[edit]

It is a rather low erect deciduous plant usually from 20–140 cm high but sometimes up to 2 metres. It spreads by basal shoots and can cover large areas. The stems have very numerous stiff bristles and many straight prickles. The young stems and prickles and the mature leaves tend to be very red with young growth a bright scarlet and older growth a deep maroon.

The flowers are cream-white although rarely also pale pink. They are 2–4 cm diameter with five petals, which produce a distinctive globular dark purple to black hips.

Similar plants native further east in Asia, sometimes treated as Rosa pimpinellifolia var. subalpina, are now regarded as a separate species Rosa oxyacantha (Flora of China); it differs in having pink flowers and red hips.

Cultivation

[edit]

Numerous cultivars are grown, of which 'Stanwell Perpetual' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[2] It has very pale pink double flowers, fading to white.

  • Young stem with spines
    Young stem with spines
  • The hip
    The hip
  • 'Plena', a commonly grown cultivar
    'Plena', a commonly grown cultivar
  • In the Dutch dunes with hoverfly
    In the Dutch dunes with hoverfly

Symbology

[edit]

In emblematic terms it is particularly associated with Scotland, where it is traditionally referenced in poetry and song, and is a symbolic native plant second only to the thistle.[3]

  • White Rose Badge of York
    White Rose Badge of York
  • Flag of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
    Flag of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
  • Tudor Rose
    Tudor Rose

References

[edit]
  1. ^ David Chapman (2008). Exploring the Cornish Coast. Penzance: Alison Hodge. p. 105. ISBN 9780906720561.
  2. ^ "Rosa 'Stanwell Perpetual'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 29 Apr 2017.
  3. ^ Team, National Records of Scotland Web (31 May 2013). "National Records of Scotland". www.nrscotland.gov.uk.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Rosa_pimpinellifolia&oldid=1237290723"