Pedicularis: Difference between revisions

Pedicularis
	Pedicularis bracteosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Orobanchaceae
Tribe:	Pedicularideae
Genus:	Pedicularis; L.\
Species
	650+, see text
Synonyms
	List Elephantella Rydb.; Enslenia Raf.; Nelensia Poir.; Pediculariopsis Á.Löve & D.Löve; Prosopia Rchb.; Scepanium Ehrh.; Sceptrum J.O.Rudbeck ex Hartm.;

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Pedicularis is a genus of perennial green root parasite plants currently placed in the family Orobanchaceae (the genus previously having been placed in Scrophulariaceae sensu lato^[1]).

Taxonomy

The common name lousewort, applied to several species, derives from an old belief that these plants, when ingested, were responsible for lice infestations in livestock.^[2]^[3] The genus name Pedicularis is from the Latin pediculus meaning louse.^[4] Over 600 species are accepted, mostly from the wetter northern temperate zones, as well as from South America. The highest diversity is in eastern Asia, with 352 species accepted in China alone.^[5]^[6]

Selected species

Pedicularis attollens (little elephant's head)
Pedicularis bhutanomuscoides
Pedicularis bracteosa (fern-leaf, towering, or bracted lousewort)

Pedicularis caeruleoalbescens Wendelbo

Pedicularis cacuminidenta
Pedicularis canadensis (Canadian lousewort)
Pedicularis centranthera
Pedicularis contorta (coiled lousewort or white-coiled beak lousewort)
Pedicularis dasyantha (woolly lousewort)
Pedicularis densiflora (Indian warrior)
Pedicularis dhurensis
Pedicularis dudleyi (Dudley's lousewort)^[7]
Pedicularis elephantiflora
Pedicularis flammea (redrattle)
Pedicularis foliosa (leafy lousewort)
Pedicularis furbishiae (Furbish's lousewort)
Pedicularis groenlandica (elephant's head)
Pedicularis hirsuta (hairy lousewort)
Pedicularis howellii (Howell's lousewort)
Pedicularis kaufmannii
Pedicularis lanata
Pedicularis lanceolata
Pedicularis lapponica (Lapland lousewort)
Pedicularis oederi (crimson-tipped lousewort)
Pedicularis ornithorhyncha (duck's-bill/bird's-beak lousewort)
Pedicularis oxycarpa
Pedicularis palustris (marsh lousewort)
Pedicularis parryi (Parry's lousewort)
Pedicularis procera (giant lousewort)
Pedicularis racemosa (sickle-top lousewort, parrot's beak)
Pedicularis rainierensis (Mount Rainier lousewort)
Pedicularis rostratocapitata
Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum (Moor-king lousewort)
Pedicularis semibarbata (pinewoods lousewort)
Pedicularis sudetica (fernweed, Sudeten lousewort or Sedetic lousewort)
Pedicularis sylvatica (common lousewort)
Pedicularis verticillata (verticillate lousewort)

Pollination

Bombus polaris has an essential role in the pollination of the large zygomorphic flowers of Pedicularis.^[8] B. polaris has a special adaption that allows it to work the spikes of Pedicularis from the bottom towards the top.^[8]

References

^ IPNI (Pedicularis assigned to Scrophulariaceae)
^ Jepson Manual Treatment: Pedicularis
^ "Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin - Pedicularis canadensis". wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
^ Horn, compiled and edited by Dennis Horn and Tavia Cathcart ; technical editor, Thomas E. Hemmerly ; photo editors, David Duhl and Dennis (2005). Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians: the official field guide of the Tennessee Native Plant Society. [Edmonton]: Lone Pine Pub. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-55105-428-5. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Species accepted by the Flora of China (not detailed here; see external links for details).
^ O'Neill, A. R.; Rana, S. K. (2019). "An ethnobotanical analysis of parasitic plants (Parijibi) in the Nepal Himalaya". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 12 (14): 14. doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0086-y. PMC 4765049. PMID 26912113.
^ The Status of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals and Plants of California (PDF), California Department of Fish and Game, Rare Plant Program, 2000, p. 181, retrieved 2007-11-16
^ ^a ^b Kevan, Peter G. (1972-11-01). "Insect Pollination of High Arctic Flowers". Journal of Ecology. 60 (3): 831–847. Bibcode:1972JEcol..60..831K. doi:10.2307/2258569. JSTOR 2258569.

Flora Europaea: Pedicularis

[1] IPNI (Pedicularis assigned to Scrophulariaceae)

[jepson-2] Jepson Manual Treatment: Pedicularis

[wisflora-3] "Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin - Pedicularis canadensis". wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[4] Horn, compiled and edited by Dennis Horn and Tavia Cathcart ; technical editor, Thomas E. Hemmerly ; photo editors, David Duhl and Dennis (2005). Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians: the official field guide of the Tennessee Native Plant Society. [Edmonton]: Lone Pine Pub. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-55105-428-5. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] Species accepted by the Flora of China (not detailed here; see external links for details).

[oneill_rana_2016-6] O'Neill, A. R.; Rana, S. K. (2019). "An ethnobotanical analysis of parasitic plants (Parijibi) in the Nepal Himalaya". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 12 (14): 14. doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0086-y. PMC 4765049. PMID 26912113.

[7] The Status of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals and Plants of California (PDF), California Department of Fish and Game, Rare Plant Program, 2000, p. 181, retrieved 2007-11-16

[:0-8] Kevan, Peter G. (1972-11-01). "Insect Pollination of High Arctic Flowers". Journal of Ecology. 60 (3): 831–847. Bibcode:1972JEcol..60..831K. doi:10.2307/2258569. JSTOR 2258569.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants belonging to the broomrape family}}
-{{taxobox
+{{Automatic taxobox
-|image = Pedicularis foliosa1.JPG
-|image_caption = ''Pedicularis foliosa''
+| image = Pedicularis bracteosa 7613.JPG
+| image_caption = ''Pedicularis bracteosa''
-|regnum = [[Plantae]]
+| taxon = Pedicularis
-|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
+| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]\
-|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
+| subdivision = 650+, see text
-|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
+| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}
-|ordo = [[Lamiales]]
+* ''Elephantella'' <small>Rydb.</small>
-|familia = [[Orobanchaceae]]
+* ''Enslenia'' <small>Raf.</small>
-|genus = '''''Pedicularis'''''
+* ''Nelensia'' <small>Poir.</small>
-|subdivision_ranks = Species
+* ''Pediculariopsis'' <small>Á.Löve & D.Löve</small>
-|subdivision = 500+, see text
+* ''Prosopia'' <small>Rchb.</small>
-|}}
+* ''Scepanium'' <small>Ehrh.</small>
-'''''Pedicularis''''' is a genus of [[Perennial plant|perennial]] green [[Parasitic plant|root parasite]] plants currently placed in the broomrape family [[Orobanchaceae]] (the genus previously having been placed in [[Scrophulariaceae]]<ref>[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_family=scrophulariaceae&find_genus=pedicularis&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch IPNI (''Pedicularis'' assigned to ''Scrophulariaceae'')]</ref> ''[[sensu lato]]'').
+* ''Sceptrum'' <small>J.O.Rudbeck ex Hartm.</small>
+{{hidden end}}
+}}
+'''''Pedicularis''''' is a genus of [[Perennial plant|perennial]] green [[Parasitic plant|root parasite]] plants currently placed in the family [[Orobanchaceae]] (the genus previously having been placed in [[Scrophulariaceae]] ''[[sensu lato]]''<ref>[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_family=scrophulariaceae&find_genus=pedicularis&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch IPNI (''Pedicularis'' assigned to ''Scrophulariaceae'')]</ref>).
-[[File:570 Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum]]'' (Moor-king Lousewort).]]
-[[File:Pedicularis semibarbata ssp charlestonensis 7.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Pedicularis semibarbata]]'' ssp ''charlestonensis'' (Pinewoods lousewort).]]
+[[File:Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum - Inflorescence - Niitvälja bog.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum]]'' (Moor-king Lousewort)]]
+[[File:Pedicularis semibarbata ssp charlestonensis 7.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Pedicularis semibarbata]]'' ssp ''charlestonensis'' (pinewoods lousewort)]]
-==Description==
+[[File:Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum - Bombus schrencki - Niitvälja bog.jpg|thumbnail|Pollination]]
-Between 350 and 600 species are accepted by different authorities, mostly from the wetter northern temperate zones, as well as from South America. The highest diversity is in eastern Asia, with 352 species accepted in [[China]] alone. <ref>Species accepted by the [[Flora of China (journal)|''Flora of China'']] (not detailed here; see external links for details).</ref>
+[[File:Pedicularis zeylanica-Silent Valley-2016-08-13-001.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Pedicularis zeylanica]]'']]
+==Taxonomy==
-The common name '''lousewort''', applied to several species, derives from an old belief that these plants, when ingested, were responsible for [[lice]] infestations in stock.
+The common name '''lousewort''', applied to several species, derives from an old belief that these plants, when ingested, were responsible for [[lice]] infestations in livestock.{{r|jepson}}{{r|wisflora}} The genus name ''Pedicularis'' is from the [[Latin language|Latin]] ''pediculus'' meaning louse.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Horn|first1=compiled and edited by Dennis Horn and Tavia Cathcart ; technical editor, Thomas E. Hemmerly ; photo editors, David Duhl and Dennis|title=Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians: the official field guide of the Tennessee Native Plant Society|date=2005|publisher=Lone Pine Pub.|location=[Edmonton]|isbn=978-1-55105-428-5|page=288}}</ref> Over 600 species are accepted, mostly from the wetter northern temperate zones, as well as from South America. The highest diversity is in eastern Asia, with 352 species accepted in China alone.<ref>Species accepted by the [[Flora of China (journal)|''Flora of China'']] (not detailed here; see external links for details).</ref><ref name="oneill_rana_2016">{{cite journal |last1=O'Neill |first1=A. R.| last2=Rana | first2= S. K. | date=2019 |title=An ethnobotanical analysis of parasitic plants (Parijibi) in the Nepal Himalaya |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=12 |issue=14 |page=14|doi=10.1186/s13002-016-0086-y |pmid=26912113|pmc=4765049|doi-access=free }}</ref>
 ===Selected species===
-*''[[Pedicularis acaulis]]''
+{{Main|List of Pedicularis species}}
+{{Div col}}
-*''[[Pedicularis amoena]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis arguteserrata]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis attollens]]'' (little elephant's head)
-*''[[Pedicularis ascendens]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis bhutanomuscoides]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis asparagoides]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis bracteosa]]'' (fern-leaf, towering, or bracted lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis asplenifolia]]''
+Pedicularis caeruleoalbescens Wendelbo
-*''[[Pedicularis attollens]]'' (Little elephant's head)
+*''[[Pedicularis cacuminidenta]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis baumgartenii]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis canadensis]]'' (Canadian lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis brachyodonta]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis bracteosa]]'' (Fern-leaf, Towering, or Bracted Lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis canadensis]]'' (Canadian Lousewort)
 *''[[Pedicularis centranthera]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis comosa]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis contorta]]'' (coiled lousewort or white-coiled beak lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis compacta]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis dasyantha]]'' (woolly lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis contorta]]'' (Coiled Lousewort or White-coiled Beak Lousewort)
+*''[[Pedicularis densiflora]]'' (Indian warrior)
-*''[[Pedicularis dasyantha]]'' (Woolly Lousewort)
+*''[[Pedicularis dhurensis]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis dasystachys]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis dudleyi]]'' (Dudley's lousewort)<ref>{{citation
-*''[[Pedicularis densiflora]]'' (Indian Warrior)
-*''[[Pedicularis dudleyi]]'' (Dudley's Lousewort)<ref>{{citation
   | title = The Status of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals and Plants of California
   | publisher = [[California Department of Fish and Game]], Rare Plant Program
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
   | page = 181
   | url = http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/species/t_e_spp/docs/2000/t_e11plants.pdf
+  | access-date = 2007-11-16}}</ref>
-  | format = [[PDF]]
+*''[[Pedicularis elephantiflora]]''
-  | accessdate = 2007-11-16}}</ref>
-*''[[Pedicularis elegans]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis flammea]]'' (redrattle)
-*''[[Pedicularis elongata]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis foliosa]]'' (leafy lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis exaltata]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis furbishiae]]'' (Furbish's lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis ferdinandi]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis groenlandica]]'' (elephant's head)
-*''[[Pedicularis flammea]]'' (Redrattle)
+*''[[Pedicularis hirsuta]]'' (hairy lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis foliosa]]'' (Leafy Lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis furbishiae]]'' (Furbish's Lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis friderici-augusti]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis graeca]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis groenlandica]]'' (Elephant's Head)
-*''[[Pedicularis gyroflexa]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis hacquetii]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis heterodonta]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis hirsuta]]'' (Hairy Lousewort)
 *''[[Pedicularis howellii]]'' (Howell's lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis julica]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis kaufmannii]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis kerneri]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis lanata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis labradorica]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis lanceolata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis langsdorfii]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis lapponica]]'' (Lapland lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis lapponica]]'' (Lapland Lousewort)
+*''[[Pedicularis oederi]]'' (crimson-tipped lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis leucodon]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis ornithorhyncha]]'' (duck's-bill/bird's-beak lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis limnogena]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis oxycarpa]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis mixta]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis palustris]]'' (marsh lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis oederi]]'' (Crimson-tipped Lousewort)
+*''[[Pedicularis parryi]]'' (Parry's lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis ornithorhyncha]]'' (Ducksbill Lousewort)
+*''[[Pedicularis procera]]'' (giant lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis orthantha]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis racemosa]]'' (sickle-top lousewort, parrot's beak)
-*''[[Pedicularis palustris]]'' (Marsh Lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis pectinata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis petiolaris]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis physocalyx]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis portenschlagii]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis procera]]'' (Giant Lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis pyrenaica]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis racemosa]]'' (Parrot's Beak)
 *''[[Pedicularis rainierensis]]'' ([[Mount Rainier]] lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis recutita]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis resupinata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis rosea]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis rostratocapitata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis rostratospicata]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum]]'' (Moor-king lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum]]'' (Moor-king Lousewort)
+*''[[Pedicularis semibarbata]]'' (pinewoods lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis schizocalyx]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis sudetica]]'' (fernweed, Sudeten lousewort or Sedetic lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis semibarbata]]'' (Pinewoods lousewort)
+*''[[Pedicularis sylvatica]]'' (common lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis sibthorpii]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis verticillata]]'' (verticillate lousewort)
+{{Div col end}}
-*''[[Pedicularis sudetica]]'' (Fernweed, Sudeten lousewort or Sedetic lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis sylvatica]]'' (Common Lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis tuberosa]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis uralensis]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis verticillata]]'' (Verticillate Lousewort)
-== References ==
+==Pollination==
-{{reflist}}
+''[[Bombus polaris]]'' has an essential role in the pollination of the large [[zygomorphic]] flowers of ''Pedicularis''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title = Insect Pollination of High Arctic Flowers|jstor = 2258569|journal = Journal of Ecology|date = 1972-11-01|pages = 831–847|volume = 60|issue = 3|doi = 10.2307/2258569|first = Peter G.|last = Kevan| bibcode=1972JEcol..60..831K }}</ref> ''B. polaris'' has a special adaption that allows it to work the spikes of ''Pedicularis'' from the bottom towards the top.<ref name=":0" />
+==References==
+{{Reflist|refs=
+<ref name=jepson>[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Pedicularis Jepson Manual Treatment: ''Pedicularis'']</ref>
+<ref name=wisflora>{{cite web |title=Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin - Pedicularis canadensis |url=http://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4443 |website=wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>
+}}
 *[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Pedicularis&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=species Flora Europaea: ''Pedicularis'']
-*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=124237 Flora of China: ''Pedicularis'']
-*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Pedicularis Jepson Manual Treatment: ''Pedicularis'']
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q129016}}
-{{commonscat}}
+{{Authority control}}
-==External links==
+[[Category:Pedicularis| ]]
-[[Category:Pedicularis| 01]]
+[[Category:Orobanchaceae genera]]
 [[Category:Parasitic plants]]
-[[Category:Orobanchaceae]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
-{{-}}
-{{Lamiales-stub}}