Pedicularis: Difference between revisions

Pedicularis
	Pedicularis bracteosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Orobanchaceae
Tribe:	Pedicularideae
Genus:	Pedicularis; L.\
Species
	650+, see text
Synonyms
	List Elephantella Rydb.; Enslenia Raf.; Nelensia Poir.; Pediculariopsis Á.Löve & D.Löve; Prosopia Rchb.; Scepanium Ehrh.; Sceptrum J.O.Rudbeck ex Hartm.;

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Pedicularis is a genus of perennial green root parasite plants currently placed in the family Orobanchaceae (the genus previously having been placed in Scrophulariaceae sensu lato^[1]).

Taxonomy

The common name lousewort, applied to several species, derives from an old belief that these plants, when ingested, were responsible for lice infestations in livestock.^[2]^[3] The genus name Pedicularis is from the Latin pediculus meaning louse.^[4] Over 600 species are accepted, mostly from the wetter northern temperate zones, as well as from South America. The highest diversity is in eastern Asia, with 352 species accepted in China alone.^[5]^[6]

Selected species

Pedicularis attollens (little elephant's head)
Pedicularis bhutanomuscoides
Pedicularis bracteosa (fern-leaf, towering, or bracted lousewort)

Pedicularis caeruleoalbescens Wendelbo

Pedicularis cacuminidenta
Pedicularis canadensis (Canadian lousewort)
Pedicularis centranthera
Pedicularis contorta (coiled lousewort or white-coiled beak lousewort)
Pedicularis dasyantha (woolly lousewort)
Pedicularis densiflora (Indian warrior)
Pedicularis dhurensis
Pedicularis dudleyi (Dudley's lousewort)^[7]
Pedicularis elephantiflora
Pedicularis flammea (redrattle)
Pedicularis foliosa (leafy lousewort)
Pedicularis furbishiae (Furbish's lousewort)
Pedicularis groenlandica (elephant's head)
Pedicularis hirsuta (hairy lousewort)
Pedicularis howellii (Howell's lousewort)
Pedicularis kaufmannii
Pedicularis lanata
Pedicularis lanceolata
Pedicularis lapponica (Lapland lousewort)
Pedicularis oederi (crimson-tipped lousewort)
Pedicularis ornithorhyncha (duck's-bill/bird's-beak lousewort)
Pedicularis oxycarpa
Pedicularis palustris (marsh lousewort)
Pedicularis parryi (Parry's lousewort)
Pedicularis procera (giant lousewort)
Pedicularis racemosa (sickle-top lousewort, parrot's beak)
Pedicularis rainierensis (Mount Rainier lousewort)
Pedicularis rostratocapitata
Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum (Moor-king lousewort)
Pedicularis semibarbata (pinewoods lousewort)
Pedicularis sudetica (fernweed, Sudeten lousewort or Sedetic lousewort)
Pedicularis sylvatica (common lousewort)
Pedicularis verticillata (verticillate lousewort)

Pollination

Bombus polaris has an essential role in the pollination of the large zygomorphic flowers of Pedicularis.^[8] B. polaris has a special adaption that allows it to work the spikes of Pedicularis from the bottom towards the top.^[8]

References

^ IPNI (Pedicularis assigned to Scrophulariaceae)
^ Jepson Manual Treatment: Pedicularis
^ "Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin - Pedicularis canadensis". wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
^ Horn, compiled and edited by Dennis Horn and Tavia Cathcart ; technical editor, Thomas E. Hemmerly ; photo editors, David Duhl and Dennis (2005). Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians: the official field guide of the Tennessee Native Plant Society. [Edmonton]: Lone Pine Pub. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-55105-428-5. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Species accepted by the Flora of China (not detailed here; see external links for details).
^ O'Neill, A. R.; Rana, S. K. (2019). "An ethnobotanical analysis of parasitic plants (Parijibi) in the Nepal Himalaya". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 12 (14): 14. doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0086-y. PMC 4765049. PMID 26912113.
^ The Status of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals and Plants of California (PDF), California Department of Fish and Game, Rare Plant Program, 2000, p. 181, retrieved 2007-11-16
^ ^a ^b Kevan, Peter G. (1972-11-01). "Insect Pollination of High Arctic Flowers". Journal of Ecology. 60 (3): 831–847. Bibcode:1972JEcol..60..831K. doi:10.2307/2258569. JSTOR 2258569.

Flora Europaea: Pedicularis

[1] IPNI (Pedicularis assigned to Scrophulariaceae)

[jepson-2] Jepson Manual Treatment: Pedicularis

[wisflora-3] "Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin - Pedicularis canadensis". wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu. Retrieved 19 June 2020.

[4] Horn, compiled and edited by Dennis Horn and Tavia Cathcart ; technical editor, Thomas E. Hemmerly ; photo editors, David Duhl and Dennis (2005). Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians: the official field guide of the Tennessee Native Plant Society. [Edmonton]: Lone Pine Pub. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-55105-428-5. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] Species accepted by the Flora of China (not detailed here; see external links for details).

[oneill_rana_2016-6] O'Neill, A. R.; Rana, S. K. (2019). "An ethnobotanical analysis of parasitic plants (Parijibi) in the Nepal Himalaya". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 12 (14): 14. doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0086-y. PMC 4765049. PMID 26912113.

[7] The Status of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals and Plants of California (PDF), California Department of Fish and Game, Rare Plant Program, 2000, p. 181, retrieved 2007-11-16

[:0-8] Kevan, Peter G. (1972-11-01). "Insect Pollination of High Arctic Flowers". Journal of Ecology. 60 (3): 831–847. Bibcode:1972JEcol..60..831K. doi:10.2307/2258569. JSTOR 2258569.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants belonging to the broomrape family}}
 {{Automatic taxobox
-|image = Pedicularis bracteosa 7613.JPG
+| image = Pedicularis bracteosa 7613.JPG
-|image_caption = ''Pedicularis bracteosa''
+| image_caption = ''Pedicularis bracteosa''
-|taxon = Pedicularis
+| taxon = Pedicularis
-|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
+| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]\
+| subdivision = 650+, see text
-|subdivision_ranks = Species
+| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}
-|subdivision = 500+, see text
+* ''Elephantella'' <small>Rydb.</small>
+* ''Enslenia'' <small>Raf.</small>
+* ''Nelensia'' <small>Poir.</small>
+* ''Pediculariopsis'' <small>Á.Löve & D.Löve</small>
+* ''Prosopia'' <small>Rchb.</small>
+* ''Scepanium'' <small>Ehrh.</small>
+* ''Sceptrum'' <small>J.O.Rudbeck ex Hartm.</small>
+{{hidden end}}
 }}
-'''''Pedicularis''''' is a genus of [[Perennial plant|perennial]] green [[Parasitic plant|root parasite]] plants currently placed in the broomrape family [[Orobanchaceae]] (the genus previously having been placed in [[Scrophulariaceae]] ''[[sensu lato]]''<ref>[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_family=scrophulariaceae&find_genus=pedicularis&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch IPNI (''Pedicularis'' assigned to ''Scrophulariaceae'')]</ref>).
+'''''Pedicularis''''' is a genus of [[Perennial plant|perennial]] green [[Parasitic plant|root parasite]] plants currently placed in the family [[Orobanchaceae]] (the genus previously having been placed in [[Scrophulariaceae]] ''[[sensu lato]]''<ref>[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_family=scrophulariaceae&find_genus=pedicularis&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch IPNI (''Pedicularis'' assigned to ''Scrophulariaceae'')]</ref>).
 [[File:Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum - Inflorescence - Niitvälja bog.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum]]'' (Moor-king Lousewort)]]
 [[File:Pedicularis semibarbata ssp charlestonensis 7.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Pedicularis semibarbata]]'' ssp ''charlestonensis'' (pinewoods lousewort)]]
 [[File:Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum - Bombus schrencki - Niitvälja bog.jpg|thumbnail|Pollination]]
 [[File:Pedicularis zeylanica-Silent Valley-2016-08-13-001.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Pedicularis zeylanica]]'']]
-==Description==
-Between 350 and 600 species are accepted by different authorities, mostly from the wetter northern temperate zones, as well as from South America. The highest diversity is in eastern Asia, with 352 species accepted in [[China]] alone.<ref>Species accepted by the [[Flora of China (journal)|''Flora of China'']] (not detailed here; see external links for details).</ref>
 ==Taxonomy==
-The common name '''lousewort''', applied to several species, derives from an old belief that these plants, when ingested, were responsible for [[lice]] infestations in livestock.  The genus name '''Pedicularis''' is from the [[Latin language|Latin]] ''pediculus'' meaning louse.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Horn|first1=compiled and edited by Dennis Horn and Tavia Cathcart ; technical editor, Thomas E. Hemmerly ; photo editors, David Duhl and Dennis|title=Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians : the official field guide of the Tennessee Native Plant Society|date=2005|publisher=Lone Pine Pub.|location=[Edmonton]|isbn=978-1-55105-428-5|page=288}}</ref>
+The common name '''lousewort''', applied to several species, derives from an old belief that these plants, when ingested, were responsible for [[lice]] infestations in livestock.{{r|jepson}}{{r|wisflora}} The genus name ''Pedicularis'' is from the [[Latin language|Latin]] ''pediculus'' meaning louse.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Horn|first1=compiled and edited by Dennis Horn and Tavia Cathcart ; technical editor, Thomas E. Hemmerly ; photo editors, David Duhl and Dennis|title=Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians: the official field guide of the Tennessee Native Plant Society|date=2005|publisher=Lone Pine Pub.|location=[Edmonton]|isbn=978-1-55105-428-5|page=288}}</ref> Over 600 species are accepted, mostly from the wetter northern temperate zones, as well as from South America. The highest diversity is in eastern Asia, with 352 species accepted in China alone.<ref>Species accepted by the [[Flora of China (journal)|''Flora of China'']] (not detailed here; see external links for details).</ref><ref name="oneill_rana_2016">{{cite journal |last1=O'Neill |first1=A. R.| last2=Rana | first2= S. K. | date=2019 |title=An ethnobotanical analysis of parasitic plants (Parijibi) in the Nepal Himalaya |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=12 |issue=14 |page=14|doi=10.1186/s13002-016-0086-y |pmid=26912113|pmc=4765049|doi-access=free }}</ref>
 ===Selected species===
+{{Main|List of Pedicularis species}}
-<!--refine?-->
+{{Div col}}
-*''[[Pedicularis acaulis]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis amoena]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis arguteserrata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis ascendens]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis asparagoides]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis asplenifolia]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis attollens]]'' (little elephant's head)
-*''[[Pedicularis baumgartenii]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis bhutanomuscoides]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis brachyodonta]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis bracteosa]]'' (fern-leaf, towering, or bracted lousewort)
+Pedicularis caeruleoalbescens Wendelbo
+*''[[Pedicularis cacuminidenta]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis canadensis]]'' (Canadian lousewort)
 *''[[Pedicularis centranthera]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis comosa]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis compacta]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis contorta]]'' (coiled lousewort or white-coiled beak lousewort)
 *''[[Pedicularis dasyantha]]'' (woolly lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis dasystachys]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis densiflora]]'' (Indian warrior)
+*''[[Pedicularis dhurensis]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis dudleyi]]'' (Dudley's lousewort)<ref>{{citation
   | title = The Status of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals and Plants of California
@@ Line 47: / Line 46: @@
   | page = 181
   | url = http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/species/t_e_spp/docs/2000/t_e11plants.pdf
+  | access-date = 2007-11-16}}</ref>
-  | format = [[PDF]]
+*''[[Pedicularis elephantiflora]]''
-  | accessdate = 2007-11-16}}</ref>
-*''[[Pedicularis elegans]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis elongata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis exaltata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis ferdinandi]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis flammea]]'' (redrattle)
 *''[[Pedicularis foliosa]]'' (leafy lousewort)
 *''[[Pedicularis furbishiae]]'' (Furbish's lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis friderici-augusti]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis groenlandica]]'' (elephant's head)
-*''[[Pedicularis graeca]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis groenlandica]]'' (elephant's Head)
-*''[[Pedicularis gyroflexa]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis hacquetii]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis heterodonta]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis hirsuta]]'' (hairy lousewort)
 *''[[Pedicularis howellii]]'' (Howell's lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis julica]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis kaufmannii]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis kerneri]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis lanata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis labradorica]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis lanceolata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis langsdorfii]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis lapponica]]'' (Lapland lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis leucodon]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis limnogena]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis mixta]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis oederi]]'' (crimson-tipped lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis ornithorhyncha]]'' (ducksbill lousewort)
+*''[[Pedicularis ornithorhyncha]]'' (duck's-bill/bird's-beak lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis orthantha]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis oxycarpa]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis palustris]]'' (marsh Lousewort)
+*''[[Pedicularis palustris]]'' (marsh lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis pectinata]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis parryi]]'' (Parry's lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis petiolaris]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis physocalyx]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis portenschlagii]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis procera]]'' (giant lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis pyrenaica]]''
+*''[[Pedicularis racemosa]]'' (sickle-top lousewort, parrot's beak)
-*''[[Pedicularis racemosa]]'' (parrot's beak)
 *''[[Pedicularis rainierensis]]'' ([[Mount Rainier]] lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis recutita]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis resupinata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis rex]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis rosea]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis rostratocapitata]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis rostratospicata]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum]]'' (Moor-king lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis schizocalyx]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis semibarbata]]'' (pinewoods lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis sibthorpii]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis sudetica]]'' (fernweed, Sudeten lousewort or Sedetic lousewort)
 *''[[Pedicularis sylvatica]]'' (common lousewort)
-*''[[Pedicularis tuberosa]]''
-*''[[Pedicularis uralensis]]''
 *''[[Pedicularis verticillata]]'' (verticillate lousewort)
+{{Div col end}}
-== Pollination ==
-''[[Bombus polaris]]'' has an essential role in the pollination of the large [[zygomorphic]] flowers of ''Pedicularis''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title = Insect Pollination of High Arctic Flowers|jstor = 2258569|journal = Journal of Ecology|date = 1972-11-01|pages = 831–847|volume = 60|issue = 3|doi = 10.2307/2258569|first = Peter G.|last = Kevan}}</ref> ''B. polaris'' has a special adaption that allows it to work the spikes of ''Pedicularis'' from the bottom towards the top.<ref name=":0" />
-== References ==
+==Pollination==
+''[[Bombus polaris]]'' has an essential role in the pollination of the large [[zygomorphic]] flowers of ''Pedicularis''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title = Insect Pollination of High Arctic Flowers|jstor = 2258569|journal = Journal of Ecology|date = 1972-11-01|pages = 831–847|volume = 60|issue = 3|doi = 10.2307/2258569|first = Peter G.|last = Kevan| bibcode=1972JEcol..60..831K }}</ref> ''B. polaris'' has a special adaption that allows it to work the spikes of ''Pedicularis'' from the bottom towards the top.<ref name=":0" />
-{{Reflist}}
-*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Pedicularis&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=species Flora Europaea: ''Pedicularis'']
-*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=124237 Flora of China: ''Pedicularis'']
-*[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Pedicularis Jepson Manual Treatment: ''Pedicularis'']
+==References==
-{{Commons category}}
+{{Reflist|refs=
+<ref name=jepson>[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Pedicularis Jepson Manual Treatment: ''Pedicularis'']</ref>
+<ref name=wisflora>{{cite web |title=Online Virtual Flora of Wisconsin - Pedicularis canadensis |url=http://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4443 |website=wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>
+}}
+*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Pedicularis&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=species Flora Europaea: ''Pedicularis'']
 {{Taxonbar|from=Q129016}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Pedicularis| ]]
+[[Category:Orobanchaceae genera]]
 [[Category:Parasitic plants]]
-[[Category:Lamiales genera]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]