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{{Short description|Polish football and speedway club}}
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox football club
{{Infobox football club
|clubname = Śląsk Świętochłowice
|clubname = Śląsk Świętochłowice
|image =
|image = Śląsk Świętochłowice.png
|upright = 0.9
|fullname = Miejski Klub Sportowy <br /> Śląsk Świętochłowice
|fullname = Miejski Klub Sportowy <br /> Śląsk Świętochłowice
|nickname = ''Niebiescy'' (Blue ones), ''Skałka'' (little rock)
|nickname = ''Niebiescy'' (The Blues)<br />''Skałka'' (The Little Rock)
|founded = 1920
|founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1920}}
|ground = [[OSiR Skałka]],<br />[[Świętochłowice]], [[Poland]]
|ground = [[Skałka Stadium]]
|capacity = 26,000
|capacity = 26,000
|chairman = {{Flagicon|POL}} [[Andrzej Jasicki]]
|chairman = Damian Malujda
|manager = {{Flagicon|POL}} [[Dariusz Rzeźniczek]]
|manager = Arkadiusz Spiolek
|league = [[Football in Poland|Klasa okręgowa]]
|league = [[V liga|V liga Silesia I]]
|season = 2007/08
|season = 2023–24
|position = [[Football in Poland|Klasa okręgowa]], 15th
|position = [[Liga okręgowa|Regional league Silesia IV]],<br />3rd of 16 (promoted)
|pattern_la1=_blueshoulders|pattern_b1=_thinbluesides|pattern_ra1=_blueshoulders
|pattern_la1=_blueshoulders|pattern_b1=_thinbluesides|pattern_ra1=_blueshoulders
|leftarm1=white|body1=white|rightarm1=white|shorts1=white|socks1=white
|leftarm1=white|body1=white|rightarm1=white|shorts1=white|socks1=white
Line 18: Line 20:
|leftarm2=0000FF|body2=0000FF|rightarm2=0000FF|shorts2=0000FF|socks2=0000FF
|leftarm2=0000FF|body2=0000FF|rightarm2=0000FF|shorts2=0000FF|socks2=0000FF
}}
}}
'''Śląsk Świętochłowice''' (full name: Miejski Klub Sportowy Śląsk Świętochłowice (Silesia Świętochłowice City Sports Club) is one of the [[Poland|Polish]] sports clubs from [[Upper Silesia]], strongly conected with the region, which is reflected in its name - Śląsk simply means [[Silesia]].
'''Śląsk Świętochłowice''' (full name: '''Miejski Klub Sportowy Śląsk Świętochłowice''') is a Polish sports club based in [[Świętochłowice]], [[Upper Silesia]], known for its [[motorcycle speedway]] and [[Association football|football]] teams.


==History==
==Name==
Its name comes from the region of [[Silesia]] (Polish: ''Śląsk''), in which it is located. Its full name '''Miejski Klub Sportowy Śląsk Świętochłowice''' means Silesia Świętochłowice City Sports Club.
The club was founded in February 1920, during the hectic months of the post-[[World War I]] period, when the [[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]] were hesitating about the future fate of the industrial region of Upper Silesia. Śląsk's first, historic game occurred on March 21, 1920 against [[Zombie Football]] (2000–1).


==Football section==
In 1921, when it turned out that Świętochłowice and surrounding areas would belong to Poland, Śląsk's soccer team was strengthened by several players of a German-minority team SV 1913. This was a huge boost, and after a few years, in late 1927, Świętochłowice's side was promoted to Polish Soccer League. To get there, Slask won qualifiers against the teams of [[Garbarnia Kraków]], [[LTSG Łódź]] and [[6 Pulk Lotnikow Lwów]].
===History===
The club was founded in February 1920, during the hectic months of the post-[[World War I]] period, when the [[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]] were hesitating about the future fate of the industrial region of Upper Silesia. Śląsk's first, historic game occurred on 21 March 1920 against [[Polonia Bytom]] (2–1).


In 1921, when it turned out that Świętochłowice and surrounding areas would belong to reborn independent Poland, Śląsk's football team was strengthened by several players of a German-minority team SV 1913. This was a huge boost, and after a few years, in late 1927, Świętochłowice's side was promoted to the [[Ekstraklasa|Polish top division]]. To get there, Śląsk won qualifiers against the teams of [[Garbarnia Kraków]], [[ŁTSG Łódź]] and {{ill|WKS 6 Pułk Lotniczy Lwów|pl}}.
The 1928 season was a failure. Out of 15 teams, Slask was placed on 14th position, with only 12 points (5 victories, 2 ties, goals 29–86). Relegation meant playing in Silesian A-Class, the strongest regional league in Poland. Relegation was not regarded by club's officials as a tragedy. Śląsk was a poor team, and playing in the National League was very expensive. Club simply had no money to travel to [[Lwów]], [[Poznań]] or [[Toruń]].


The [[1928 Ekstraklasa|1928 season]] was a failure. Out of 15 teams, Śląsk was placed on 14th position, with only 12 points (5 victories, 2 ties, goals 29–86). Relegation meant playing in Silesian A-Class, the strongest regional league in Poland. Relegation was not regarded by club's officials as a tragedy. Śląsk was a poor team, and playing in the National League was very expensive. Club simply had no money to travel to [[Lwów]], [[Poznań]] or [[Toruń]].
After a few years, in mid-1934, Slask won the Silesian League games. Then, in regional qualifiers it beat [[Unia Sosnowiec]] and [[Grzegorzecki Kraków]]. Final stage was a central tournament. There, after beating [[Śmigły Wilno]], 5–1 and 2–0, as well as [[Naprzód Lipiny]], 0–0 and 2–1, Śląsk was promoted to the Polish Soccer League.


After a few years, in mid-1934, Śląsk won the Silesian League games. Then, in regional qualifiers it beat [[Unia Sosnowiec]] and [[Grzegorzecki Kraków]]. Final stage was a central tournament. There, after beating [[Śmigły Wilno]], 5–1 and 2–0, as well as [[Naprzód Lipiny]], 0–0 and 2–1, Śląsk was promoted to the Polish top division.
The 1935 season was a good one. Świętochłowice's side was placed on 5th position (among 11 teams), with 22 points and goals difference 34–40. Śląsk was the team of its own turf, at home winning for 8 times and losing twice. Next, 1936 season was much worse. Śląsk was placed on 9th (last but one) position which meant relegation (only 11 points, goals 21–40). Świętochłowice's favorites financial situation was much better than in 1928. Club was sponsored by "Florian" steelworks, its best players were [[Hubert Gad]] and [[Ewald Cebula]], who also represented Poland.


The [[1935 Ekstraklasa|1935 season]] was a good one. Świętochłowice's side was placed on 5th position (among 11 teams), with 22 points and goals difference 34–40. Śląsk was the team of its own turf, at home winning for 8 times and losing twice. Next, [[1936 Ekstraklasa|1936 season]] was much worse. Śląsk was placed on 9th (last but one) position which meant relegation (only 11 points, goals 21–40). Świętochłowice's favorites financial situation was much better than in 1928. Club was sponsored by "Florian" steelworks, its best players were [[Hubert Gad]] and [[Ewald Cebula]], who also represented Poland.
In mid-1938 Śląsk won the Silesian League as well as regional qualifiers (against [[Legia Poznań]] and [[Gryf Toruń]]). However, in a national competition, the team was 3rd, after [[Garbarnia Kraków]] and [[Union Touring Łódź]] and ahead of [[Policyjny KS Luck]].


In mid-1938 Śląsk won the Silesian League as well as regional qualifiers (against [[Legia Poznań]] and [[Gryf Toruń]]). However, in a national competition, the team was 3rd, after [[Garbarnia Kraków]] and [[Union Touring Łódź]] and ahead of [[Policyjny KS Łuck]].
Next year was again marked by high hopes. Świętochłowice's favorites, looking stronger than ever before, won Silesian League (mid-1939), then routed the teams of [[Fablok Chrzanów]], 4–0 and 1–1, and [[Unia Sosnowiec]] 4–0 and 2–0, to qualify to the national qualifying tournament. Unfortunately, this competition was not finished due to [[Second World War]]. In August 1939 Śląsk managed to play only two games—at home with [[Śmigły Wilno]] (2–1) and away with [[Junak Drohobycz]] (0–0).
[[File:Śmigły Wilno (21).jpg|thumb|Home match with [[Śmigły Wilno]] in 1939]]


Next year was again marked by high hopes. Świętochłowice's favorites, looking stronger than ever before, won the Silesian League (mid-1939), then routed the teams of [[Fablok Chrzanów]], 4–0 and 1–1, and [[Unia Sosnowiec]] 4–0 and 2–0, to qualify to the national qualifying tournament. This competition was not finished due to the German [[invasion of Poland]], which started the [[Second World War]]. In August 1939 Śląsk managed to play only two games—at home with [[Śmigły Wilno]] (2–1) and away with [[Junak Drohobycz]] (0–0).
During the war, the German occupiers allowed those Silesians who signed the [[Volksliste]] to participate in the games of the [[Gauliga Schlesien]], later the [[Gauliga Oberschlesien]]. Śląsk, with its name changed to TuS Schwientochlowitz, was basically the same team as in 1939, plus [[Walter Brom]], a very talented goalkeeper of [[Ruch Chorzów]]. However, as time went by, more and more players were conscripted to the [[Wehrmacht]], among them Ewald Cebula, who ended up in German units in [[Italy]].


During the war, the [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German occupiers]] allowed those Silesians who signed the [[Volksliste]] to participate in the games of the [[Gauliga Schlesien]], later the [[Gauliga Oberschlesien]]. Śląsk, with its name changed to TuS Schwientochlowitz, was basically the same team as in 1939, plus [[Walter Brom]], a very talented goalkeeper of [[Ruch Chorzów]]. However, as time went by, more and more players were conscripted to the [[Wehrmacht]], among them Ewald Cebula, who ended up in German units in [[Italy]].
After the war, in spite of the dedication of its activists, Śląsk's soccer team never managed to return to the Polish Soccer League. Currently it plays in the 4th, regional Division of Upper Silesia.


After the war, in spite of the dedication of its activists, Śląsk's football team never managed to return to the Polish top division.
==Speedway==

But Śląsk's history is not only about soccer. In 1951 a [[motorcycle speedway]] section was founded and during the years it rose as one of greatest powers in [[Speedway in Poland|Polish speedway]], with such excellent riders as [[Paweł Waloszek]] (Second in [[1970 Individual Speedway World Championship]]). Currently, following the general slump in Polish sports, Śląsk's speedway section does not exist.
==Speedway section==
===History===
[[File:Stadion Skałka z Samolotu.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Aerial view of the Stadion Skałka im. Pawła Waloszka in 2010]]
The Silesian motorcycle section was founded in 1947, but the beginnings of speedway in Świętochłowice are considered to be 1951, when the first speedway track in the city was constructed around the football pitch in the 'Hasiok' (a stadium that had been constructed on a waste dump, from 1934 to 1935 for KS Śląsk). The first speedway took place at the Hasiok on 22 July 22, 1951 and the Hasiok was located adjacent to the Florian Steelworks. The Budowlani Rybnik rider Robert Nawrocki was credited with creating the speedway track as a social act on the National Day of the Rebirth of Poland.

During the [[1953 Polish speedway season]] the team from Stal Ostrów Wlkp moved to Świętochłowice to compete in the [[Team Speedway Polish Championship]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.speedwayw.pl/pl_1953.htm |title=Historia Speedway Polsce 1953 |website=Historia Speedway |access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref>

After relegation in [[1953 Polish speedway season|1955]], the club bounced back by winning the in [[Polish Speedway First League|Second division south]] in [[1956 Polish speedway season|1956]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://speedwayfansite.com/ligi/1liga.html |title=1. Liga Żużlowa |website=Speedway Fansite |access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref>

In the late 1960s the club began to compete at the top level, they won the [[1968 Polish speedway season|1968]] second division and then achiveved their greatest feat to date, when winning the silver medal in the team championship during the [[1969 Polish speedway season|1969]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.speedwayw.pl/pl_1969.htm |title=Historia Speedway Polsce 1969 |website=Historia Speedway |access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref> The success was repeated when winning another silver medal in [[1970 Polish speedway season|1970]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.speedwayw.pl/pl_1970.htm |title=Historia Speedway Polsce 1970 |website=Historia Speedway |access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref>

One of their riders [[Paweł Waloszek]] won the [[Golden Helmet (Poland)|Golden Helmet]] in [[1968 Polish speedway season|1968]] and finished second in the [[1970 Individual Speedway World Championship]], behind the legendary [[Ivan Mauger]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.speedwaygb.co.uk/worldfinalindex|title=WORLD INDIVIDUAL FINAL - RIDER INDEX|website=British Speedway|access-date=9 July 2021}}</ref> Another rider [[Jan Mucha (speedway rider)|Jan Mucha]], won the 1970 Golden Helmet. The Hasiok hosted one of the Polish qualifying rounds for the [[1970 Individual Speedway World Championship]].

Two more major medals were won in [[1972 Polish speedway season|1972]] (bronze)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.speedwayw.pl/pl_1972.htm |title=Historia Speedway Polsce 1972 |website=Historia Speedway |access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref> and [[1973 Polish speedway season|1973]] (silver).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.speedwayw.pl/pl_1973.htm |title=Historia Speedway Polsce 1973 |website=Historia Speedway |access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref>

Due to the expansion of the Florian Steelworks in 1973 the Hasiok was demolished and the club lost its facilities. They would later ride at the [[Skałka Stadium]], which opened in 1979.

In [[1984 Polish speedway season|1984]], the team won the [[Polish Speedway First League|second division]] but following the [[1985 Polish speedway season|1985 season]] it was relegated from the top division, and following the 1996 season the team withdrew due to financial difficulties. In 1998–2002 the team was revamped and competed in the second and third tiers, eventually withdrawing once again. In 2015, a former rider of the team, Krzysztof Bas, became the head coach.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://speedwaysw.pl/druzyna/krzysztof-bas/|title=Krzysztof Bas|website=Oficjalna strona MS Śląsk Świętochłowice|access-date=26 November 2022|language=pl}}</ref>

As of 2023, the club does not participate in professional league competitions and only focuses on youth training.

===Notable riders===
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
*{{player||POL|[[Jan Mucha (speedway rider)|Jan Mucha]]}}
*{{player||POL|[[Paweł Waloszek]]}}
}}

===Honours===
{{Polish speedway club honours
| DMP 1 = |DMP 1y =
| DMP 2 =3|DMP 2y =1969, 1970, 1973
| DMP 3 =1|DMP 3y =1972
|MDMP 1 = |MDMP 1y =
|MDMP 2 = |MDMP 2y =
|MDMP 3 = |MDMP 3y =
| MPPK 1 = |MPPK 1y =
| MPPK 2 =1|MPPK 2y =1983
| MPPK 3 = |MPPK 3y =
|MMPPK 1 = |MMPPK 1y =
|MMPPK 2 = |MMPPK 2y =
|MMPPK 3 = |MMPPK 3y =
| IMP 1 = |IMP 1y =
| IMP 2 =2|IMP 2y =1969, 1972
| IMP 3 =1|IMP 3y =1975
|MIMP 1 = |MIMP 1y =
|MIMP 2 = |MIMP 2y =
|MIMP 3 = |MIMP 3y =
| KPE 1 = |KPE 1y =
| KPE 2 = |KPE 2y =
| KPE 3 = |KPE 3y =
|DPP 1 = |DPP 1y =
|DPP 2 = |DPP 2y =
|DPP 3 = |DPP 3y =
| ZK 1 =2|ZK 1y =1968, 1970
| ZK 2 =5|ZK 2y =1966, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1977
| ZK 3 =1|ZK 3y =1973
|SK 1 = |SK 1y =
|SK 2 =1|SK 2y =1962
|SK 3 = |SK 3y =
| BK 1 = |BK 1y =
| BK 2 =1|BK 2y =1983
| BK 3 = |BK 3y =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}


==See also==
==See also==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Slask Swietochlowice}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Slask Swietochlowice}}
[[Category:Śląsk Świętochłowice| ]]
[[Category:Śląsk Świętochłowice| ]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Poland]]
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 1920]]
[[Category:Association football clubs established in 1920]]
[[Category:Polish speedway teams]]
[[Category:Speedway teams in Poland]]
[[Category:Football clubs from former German territories|Swietochlowice,Slask]]
[[Category:Sport in Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Sport in Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in Poland]]

Latest revision as of 16:37, 29 July 2024

Śląsk Świętochłowice
Full nameMiejski Klub Sportowy
Śląsk Świętochłowice
Nickname(s)Niebiescy (The Blues)
Skałka (The Little Rock)
Founded1920; 104 years ago (1920)
GroundSkałka Stadium
Capacity26,000
ChairmanDamian Malujda
ManagerArkadiusz Spiolek
LeagueV liga Silesia I
2023–24Regional league Silesia IV,
3rd of 16 (promoted)

Śląsk Świętochłowice (full name: Miejski Klub Sportowy Śląsk Świętochłowice) is a Polish sports club based in Świętochłowice, Upper Silesia, known for its motorcycle speedway and football teams.

Name

[edit]

Its name comes from the region of Silesia (Polish: Śląsk), in which it is located. Its full name Miejski Klub Sportowy Śląsk Świętochłowice means Silesia Świętochłowice City Sports Club.

Football section

[edit]

History

[edit]

The club was founded in February 1920, during the hectic months of the post-World War I period, when the Allied Powers were hesitating about the future fate of the industrial region of Upper Silesia. Śląsk's first, historic game occurred on 21 March 1920 against Polonia Bytom (2–1).

In 1921, when it turned out that Świętochłowice and surrounding areas would belong to reborn independent Poland, Śląsk's football team was strengthened by several players of a German-minority team SV 1913. This was a huge boost, and after a few years, in late 1927, Świętochłowice's side was promoted to the Polish top division. To get there, Śląsk won qualifiers against the teams of Garbarnia Kraków, ŁTSG Łódź and WKS 6 Pułk Lotniczy Lwów [pl].

The 1928 season was a failure. Out of 15 teams, Śląsk was placed on 14th position, with only 12 points (5 victories, 2 ties, goals 29–86). Relegation meant playing in Silesian A-Class, the strongest regional league in Poland. Relegation was not regarded by club's officials as a tragedy. Śląsk was a poor team, and playing in the National League was very expensive. Club simply had no money to travel to Lwów, Poznań or Toruń.

After a few years, in mid-1934, Śląsk won the Silesian League games. Then, in regional qualifiers it beat Unia Sosnowiec and Grzegorzecki Kraków. Final stage was a central tournament. There, after beating Śmigły Wilno, 5–1 and 2–0, as well as Naprzód Lipiny, 0–0 and 2–1, Śląsk was promoted to the Polish top division.

The 1935 season was a good one. Świętochłowice's side was placed on 5th position (among 11 teams), with 22 points and goals difference 34–40. Śląsk was the team of its own turf, at home winning for 8 times and losing twice. Next, 1936 season was much worse. Śląsk was placed on 9th (last but one) position which meant relegation (only 11 points, goals 21–40). Świętochłowice's favorites financial situation was much better than in 1928. Club was sponsored by "Florian" steelworks, its best players were Hubert Gad and Ewald Cebula, who also represented Poland.

In mid-1938 Śląsk won the Silesian League as well as regional qualifiers (against Legia Poznań and Gryf Toruń). However, in a national competition, the team was 3rd, after Garbarnia Kraków and Union Touring Łódź and ahead of Policyjny KS Łuck.

Home match with Śmigły Wilno in 1939

Next year was again marked by high hopes. Świętochłowice's favorites, looking stronger than ever before, won the Silesian League (mid-1939), then routed the teams of Fablok Chrzanów, 4–0 and 1–1, and Unia Sosnowiec 4–0 and 2–0, to qualify to the national qualifying tournament. This competition was not finished due to the German invasion of Poland, which started the Second World War. In August 1939 Śląsk managed to play only two games—at home with Śmigły Wilno (2–1) and away with Junak Drohobycz (0–0).

During the war, the German occupiers allowed those Silesians who signed the Volksliste to participate in the games of the Gauliga Schlesien, later the Gauliga Oberschlesien. Śląsk, with its name changed to TuS Schwientochlowitz, was basically the same team as in 1939, plus Walter Brom, a very talented goalkeeper of Ruch Chorzów. However, as time went by, more and more players were conscripted to the Wehrmacht, among them Ewald Cebula, who ended up in German units in Italy.

After the war, in spite of the dedication of its activists, Śląsk's football team never managed to return to the Polish top division.

Speedway section

[edit]

History

[edit]
Aerial view of the Stadion Skałka im. Pawła Waloszka in 2010

The Silesian motorcycle section was founded in 1947, but the beginnings of speedway in Świętochłowice are considered to be 1951, when the first speedway track in the city was constructed around the football pitch in the 'Hasiok' (a stadium that had been constructed on a waste dump, from 1934 to 1935 for KS Śląsk). The first speedway took place at the Hasiok on 22 July 22, 1951 and the Hasiok was located adjacent to the Florian Steelworks. The Budowlani Rybnik rider Robert Nawrocki was credited with creating the speedway track as a social act on the National Day of the Rebirth of Poland.

During the 1953 Polish speedway season the team from Stal Ostrów Wlkp moved to Świętochłowice to compete in the Team Speedway Polish Championship.[1]

After relegation in 1955, the club bounced back by winning the in Second division south in 1956.[2]

In the late 1960s the club began to compete at the top level, they won the 1968 second division and then achiveved their greatest feat to date, when winning the silver medal in the team championship during the 1969.[3] The success was repeated when winning another silver medal in 1970.[4]

One of their riders Paweł Waloszek won the Golden Helmet in 1968 and finished second in the 1970 Individual Speedway World Championship, behind the legendary Ivan Mauger.[5] Another rider Jan Mucha, won the 1970 Golden Helmet. The Hasiok hosted one of the Polish qualifying rounds for the 1970 Individual Speedway World Championship.

Two more major medals were won in 1972 (bronze)[6] and 1973 (silver).[7]

Due to the expansion of the Florian Steelworks in 1973 the Hasiok was demolished and the club lost its facilities. They would later ride at the Skałka Stadium, which opened in 1979.

In 1984, the team won the second division but following the 1985 season it was relegated from the top division, and following the 1996 season the team withdrew due to financial difficulties. In 1998–2002 the team was revamped and competed in the second and third tiers, eventually withdrawing once again. In 2015, a former rider of the team, Krzysztof Bas, became the head coach.[8]

As of 2023, the club does not participate in professional league competitions and only focuses on youth training.

Notable riders

[edit]

Honours

[edit]
Competitions Total Golden medals Silver medals Bronze medals
Total Years Total Years Total Years
Team (DMP)
(since 1948)
4 3 1969, 1970, 1973 1 1972
Team U-21 (MDMP)
(since 1978)
0
Pairs (MPPK)
(since 1974)
1 1 1983
Pairs U-21 (MMPPK)
(1980 U-23; since 1983)
0
Individual (IMP)
(since 1948)
3 2 1969, 1972 1 1975
Individual U-21 (MIMP)
(since 1967)
0
Total Polish Championship medals: 8 Gold: 0 Silver: 6 Bronze: 2
Competitions Total I place II place III place
Total Years Total Years Total Years
European Club (KPE)
(since 1998)
0
Team Cup (DPP)
(?)
0
Golden Helmet (ZK)
(since 1961)
8 2 1968, 1970 5 1966, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1977 1 1973
Silver Helmet U-21 (SK)
(since 1966)
1 1 1962
Bronze Helmet U-19 (BK)
(1976-81; since 1983)
1 1 1983



References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Historia Speedway Polsce 1953". Historia Speedway. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  2. ^ "1. Liga Żużlowa". Speedway Fansite. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  3. ^ "Historia Speedway Polsce 1969". Historia Speedway. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  4. ^ "Historia Speedway Polsce 1970". Historia Speedway. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  5. ^ "WORLD INDIVIDUAL FINAL - RIDER INDEX". British Speedway. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  6. ^ "Historia Speedway Polsce 1972". Historia Speedway. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  7. ^ "Historia Speedway Polsce 1973". Historia Speedway. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  8. ^ "Krzysztof Bas". Oficjalna strona MS Śląsk Świętochłowice (in Polish). Retrieved 26 November 2022.

See also

[edit]