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{{Short description|American judge (1755–1813)}}
{{Infobox judge
{{Infobox judge
|name = Samuel Hitchcock
| name = Samuel Hitchcock
|image = Samuel Hitchcock (1755-1813).jpg
| image = Samuel Hitchcock (1755-1813).jpg
|office = Judge of the [[United States circuit court|United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit]]
| alt =
| caption =
| office = Judge of the [[United States circuit court|United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit]]
|appointer = [[John Adams]]
| term_start = February 20, 1801
|term_start = February 20, 1801
| term_end = July 1, 1802
| appointer = [[List of federal judges appointed by John Adams|John Adams]]
|term_end = July 1, 1802
|predecessor = Seat established
| predecessor = ''Seat established by 2 Stat. 89''
|successor = Seat abolished
| successor = ''Seat abolished''
|office1 = Judge of the [[United States District Court for the District of Vermont]]
| office1 = Judge of the [[United States District Court for the District of Vermont]]
| term_start1 = September 3, 1793
|appointer1 = [[George Washington]]
|term_start1 = September 3, 1793
| term_end1 = February 20, 1801
| appointer1 = [[List of federal judges appointed by George Washington|George Washington]]
|term_end1 = February 20, 1801
|predecessor1 = [[Nathaniel Chipman]]
| predecessor1 = [[Nathaniel Chipman]]
|successor1 = [[Elijah Paine]]
| successor1 = [[Elijah Paine]]
|office2 = [[Vermont Attorney General|Attorney General of Vermont]]
| office2 = 1st [[Attorney General of Vermont]]
| term_start2 = October 1790
|governor2 = [[Thomas Chittenden]]
| term_end2 = September 3, 1793
|term_start2 = October 1790
| governor2 = [[Thomas Chittenden]]
|term_end2 = September 3, 1793
|predecessor2 = Position established
| predecessor2 = ''Office established''
|successor2 = [[Daniel Buck]]
| successor2 = [[Daniel Buck]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1755|3|23}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1755|03|23}}
|birth_place = [[Brimfield, Massachusetts|Brimfield]], [[Massachusetts]], [[British America]]
| birth_place = [[Brimfield, Massachusetts|Brimfield]],<br>{{nowrap|[[Province of Massachusetts Bay]],}}<br>[[British America]]
|death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|1813|11|30|1755|3|23}}}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1813|11|30|1755|03|23}}
|death_place = [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]], [[Vermont]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| death_place = [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]], [[Vermont]]
| resting_place = Elmwood Cemetery<br>[[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]], [[Vermont]]
|party = [[Federalist Party|Federalist]]
| party = [[Federalist Party|Federalist]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fjc.gov/sites/default/files/trials/seditionacts.pdf |title=The Sedition Act Trials |last=Ragsdale |first=Bruce A. |date=2005 |website=Federal Judicial Center |publisher=Federal Judicial History Office |location=Washington, DC |access-date=December 21, 2019 |page=35}}</ref>
|education = [[Harvard University]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}}
| spouse = Lucy Caroline Allen (m. 1789-1813, his death)
| relations = [[Ethan Allen]] (father-in-law)
| children = 6 (including [[Henry Hitchcock]] and [[Ethan A. Hitchcock (general)|Ethan A. Hitchcock]])
| education = [[Harvard University]]
| occupation = Attorney
}}
}}


'''Samuel Hitchcock''' (March 23, 1755 – November 30, 1813) was an attorney and judge in [[Vermont]]. He was the son-in-law of [[Ethan Allen]], and the father of [[Ethan A. Hitchcock (general)|Ethan Allen Hitchcock]].
'''Samuel Hitchcock''' (March 23, 1755 – November 30, 1813) was the 1st [[Attorney General of Vermont]], a [[United States federal judge|United States district judge]] of the [[United States District Court for the District of Vermont]] and a United States Circuit Judge of the [[United States circuit court|United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit]]. He was the son-in-law of [[Ethan Allen]] and the father of [[Ethan A. Hitchcock (general)|Ethan A. Hitchcock]].


==Early life==
==Education and career==
Born on March 23, 1755, in [[Brimfield, Massachusetts|Brimfield]], [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]], [[British America]],<ref name=FJC>{{FJC Bio|1055|nid=1382206|name=Samuel Hitchcock<!--(1755–1813)-->}}</ref> Hitchcock graduated from [[Harvard University]] in 1777.<ref name=FJC/> He [[reading law|read law]] with [[Jedediah Foster]] in [[West Brookfield, Massachusetts|West Brookfield]], [[Massachusetts]], attained admission to the bar, and practiced in [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], Massachusetts.<ref name=Marsh>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/genealogyofhitch00hitc/page/248|title=The Genealogy of the Hitchcock Family: Who are Descended from Matthias Hitchcock of East Haven, Conn., and Luke Hitchcock of Wethersfield, Conn|date=July 7, 1894|publisher=Press of Carpenter & Morehouse|pages=248–251 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> He moved to [[Manchester, Vermont|Manchester]], [[Republic of Vermont]] in 1784.<ref>{{cite book |last=Aldrich |first=Lewis Cass |date=1889 |title=History of Bennington County, Vt. |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbenning1889aldr/page/n395 |location=Syracuse, NY |publisher=D. Mason & Co. |page=200 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
Samuel Hitchcock, the son of Noah and Mary Hitchcock, was born in [[Brimfield, Massachusetts]] and graduated from [[Harvard College]] in 1777. He studied law with [[Jedediah Foster Homesite|Jedediah Foster]] in [[West Brookfield, Massachusetts]], attained admission to the bar, and practiced in [[Worcester, Massachusetts]].


Hitchcock continued private practice in [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]], Republic of Vermont from 1786 to 1787.<ref name=FJC/> He was state's attorney for [[Chittenden County, Vermont|Chittenden County]], Republic of Vermont from 1787 to 1790.<ref name=FJC/> He was the 1st [[Attorney General of Vermont]] (Republic of Vermont until March 4, 1791, State of [[Vermont]], [[United States]] on and from that date) from 1790 to 1793.<ref name=FJC/> He was a member of the [[Vermont House of Representatives]] (under the Republic of Vermont and State of Vermont) from 1789 to 1793.<ref name=FJC/> Hitchcock also served as a [[Justice of the Peace]] and heard cases in Burlington.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofchitten01rann|title=History of Chittenden County, Vermont: With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers|first=William S.|last=Rann|date=July 7, 1886|publisher=D. Mason & Company|via=Internet Archive|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofchitten01rann/page/414 414]}}</ref>
==Career==
He moved to [[Manchester, Vermont]] in 1785 and [[Burlington, Vermont]] in 1786, where he continued to practice law. He was [[state's attorney]] for [[Chittenden County, Vermont]] from 1787 to 1790, when he became the first [[Attorney General of Vermont]], serving from 1790 to 1793. He served simultaneously, from 1789 to 1793, as a member of the [[Vermont House of Representatives]]. Hitchcock also served as a Justice of the Peace and heard cases in Burlington.<ref>William S. Rann, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KsFAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA414 History of Chittenden County, Vermont], 1886, page 414</ref>


In 1791, Hitchcock was a delegate to the Vermont convention which ratified the [[United States Constitution]] and enabled Vermont to join the Union as the 14th state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EPMZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA689|title=American State Trials: A Collection of the Important and Interesting Criminal Trials which Have Taken Place in the United States, from the Beginning of Our Government to the Present Day: with Notes and Annotations (Volume 6)|first=John Davison|last=Lawson|date=July 7, 1916|publisher=Thomas Law Books|via=Google Books|page=689}}</ref> Hitchcock drafted the charter for the [[University of Vermont]], was an original member of its board of trustees, and was the longtime secretary of the board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Gw_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA135|title=Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University|date=July 7, 1910|publisher=Yale University|via=Google Books|page=135}}</ref> In 1792, he was one of Vermont's presidential electors, casting his ballots for Washington for [[President of the United States|President]] and Adams for [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCY0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA198|title=Vermont Legislative Directory|first=Avery of|last=Rand|date=July 7, 1902|publisher= Vermont Office of Secretary of State|via=Google Books|page=198}}</ref>
In 1791, Hitchcock was a delegate to the Vermont convention which ratified the [[United States Constitution]] and enabled Vermont to join the Union as the 14th state.<ref>John Davison Lawson, [https://books.google.com/books?id=EPMZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA689 American State Trials], Volume 6, 1916, page 689</ref>


==Federal judicial service==
Hitchcock drafted the charter for the [[University of Vermont]], was an original member of its board of trustees, and was the longtime secretary of the board.<ref>Yale University, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0Gw_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA135 Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University], 1910, page 135</ref>
Hitchcock received a [[recess appointment]] from President [[George Washington]] on September 3, 1793, to a seat on the [[United States District Court for the District of Vermont]] vacated by Judge [[Nathaniel Chipman]].<ref name=FJC/> He was nominated to the same position by President Washington on December 27, 1793.<ref name=FJC/> He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on December 30, 1793, and received his commission on January 28, 1794.<ref name=FJC/> His service terminated on February 20, 1801, due to his elevation to the Second Circuit.<ref name=FJC/>


Hitchcock was nominated by President [[John Adams]] on February 18, 1801, to the [[United States circuit court|United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit]], to a new seat authorized by {{USStat|2|89}}.<ref name=FJC/> He was confirmed by the Senate on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day.<ref name=FJC/> His service terminated on July 1, 1802, due to abolition of the court.<ref name=FJC/>
In 1792, he was one of Vermont's presidential electors, casting his ballots for Washington for [[President of the United States|President]] and Adams for [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]].<ref>Vermont Secretary of State, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wCY0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA198 Vermont Legislative Directory], 1902, page 198</ref>


==Later career and death==
He received a [[recess appointment]] from President [[George Washington]] on September 3, 1793, to a seat on the [[United States District Court for the District of Vermont]] vacated by [[Nathaniel Chipman]]. Hitchcock was formally nominated on December 27, 1793, confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on December 30, 1793, and received his commission on January 28, 1794.
Following his departure from the federal bench, Hitchcock resumed private practice in [[Vergennes, Vermont|Vergennes]] and Burlington, Vermont from 1802 to 1813.<ref name=FJC/> He died in Burlington on November 30, 1813.{{efn|Many sources indicate November 20. November 30 is verified by the Burlington death and burial record for Samuel Hitchcock, as well as contemporary newspaper death notices, none of which appeared before December 1, 1813.}}<ref name=FJC/><ref>{{cite news |date=December 16, 1813 |title=Death notice, Samuel Hitchcock |url=https://beta.genealogybank.com/ |work=Boston Commercial Gazette |location=Boston, MA |page=2 |url-access=subscription |via=GenealogyBank.com |quote=At Burlington, Ver on the 30th ult., Hon. Samuel Hitchcock, age 59.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-t4DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA196|title=The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as Illustrated in the Lives of the Founders, Builders, and Defenders of the Republic, and of the Men and Women who are Doing the Work and Moulding the Thought of the Present Time (Volume 11)|date=July 7, 1901|publisher=J. T. White Company|via=Google Books|pages=195–196}}</ref> He was buried in Burlington's Elmwood Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ancestry.com |title=Death and Burial Record for Samuel Hitchcock in the Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908 (Copy of original) |last=Corley |first=Edward B. |date=November 2, 1921 |website=Ancestry.com |publisher=Ancestry.com LLC |location=Provo, UT |access-date=November 23, 2017 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>


==Family==
On February 18, 1801, Hitchcock was nominated by President [[John Adams]] to a seat on the newly created [[United States circuit court]] for the Second Circuit, created by 2 Stat. 89, also known as the [[Midnight Judges Act]]. Hitchcock was confirmed to this seat by the Senate on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day. However, his service terminated on July 1, 1802, with the repeal of the act that created the circuit courts. Hitchcock thereafter returned to private practice in [[Burlington, Vermont]] and [[Vergennes, Vermont]] until his death.
Hitchcock was the son of Noah and Mary Hitchcock.<ref name=Marsh/> He was married to Lucy Caroline Allen (1768–1842), the daughter of [[Ethan Allen]].<ref name=Marsh/> Their children who lived to adulthood included Lorraine Allen Hitchcock, [[Henry Hitchcock]], Mary Anne Hitchcock, [[Ethan A. Hitchcock (general)|Ethan A. Hitchcock]], Caroline P. Hitchcock, and Samuel Hitchcock.<ref name=Marsh/>
<gallery>
File:Henry Hitchcock (Alabama).jpg|Henry Hitchcock
File:Gen Ethan Allen Hitchcock.jpg|Ethan Allan hitchcock
</gallery>


==Note==
==Death and burial==
{{Notelist}}
Hitchcock died in Burlington on November 30, 1815.{{efn|Many sources indicate November 20. November 30 is verified by the Burlington death and burial record for Samuel Hitchcock, as well as contemporary newspaper death notices, none of which appeared before December 1, 1813.}}<ref>{{cite news |date=December 16, 1813 |title=Death notice, Samuel Hitchcock |url=https://beta.genealogybank.com/ |work=Boston Commercial Gazette |location=Boston, MA |page=2 |subscription=yes |via=GenealogyBank.com |quote=At Burlington, Ver on the 30th ult., Hon. Samuel Hitchcock, age 59.}}</ref><ref>James T. White & Company, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-t4DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA196 The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography], Volume 11, 1901, pages 195-196</ref> He was buried in Burlington's Elmwood Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ancestry.com |title=Death and Burial Record for Samuel Hitchcock in the Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908 (Copy of original) |last=Corley |first=Edward B. |date=November 2, 1921 |website=Ancestry.com |publisher=Ancestry.com LLC |location=Provo, UT |access-date=November 23, 2017 |subscription=yes}}</ref>

==Family==
Samuel Hitchcock was married to Lucy Caroline Allen (1768–1842), the daughter of [[Ethan Allen]]. Their children who lived to adulthood included Lorraine Allen Hitchcock, [[Henry Hitchcock]], Mary Anne Hitchcock, [[Ethan A. Hitchcock (general)|Ethan Allen Hitchcock]], Caroline P. Hitchcock, and Samuel Hitchcock.<ref>Dwight Whitney Marsh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lBjPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA249 The Genealogy of the Hitchcock Family], 1894, pages 250-251</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
{{notes}}


==Sources==
==Sources==
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[[Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States circuit courts]]
[[Category:Judges of the United States circuit courts]]
[[Category:Massachusetts lawyers]]
[[Category:Members of the Vermont House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Members of the Vermont House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Politicians from Burlington, Vermont]]
[[Category:Politicians from Burlington, Vermont]]
[[Category:People from Brimfield, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:People from Brimfield, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:People from Worcester, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Worcester, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:State's attorneys in Vermont]]
[[Category:State's attorneys in Vermont]]
[[Category:United States federal judges appointed by George Washington]]
[[Category:United States federal judges appointed by George Washington]]
[[Category:United States federal judges appointed by John Adams]]
[[Category:United States federal judges appointed by John Adams]]
[[Category:Vermont Attorneys General]]
[[Category:Vermont attorneys general]]
[[Category:Vermont Federalists]]
[[Category:Vermont lawyers]]
[[Category:Vermont lawyers]]
[[Category:Vermont state court judges]]
[[Category:Vermont state court judges]]

Latest revision as of 22:15, 29 July 2024

Samuel Hitchcock
Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit
In office
February 20, 1801 – July 1, 1802
Appointed byJohn Adams
Preceded bySeat established by 2 Stat. 89
Succeeded bySeat abolished
Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont
In office
September 3, 1793 – February 20, 1801
Appointed byGeorge Washington
Preceded byNathaniel Chipman
Succeeded byElijah Paine
1st Attorney General of Vermont
In office
October 1790 – September 3, 1793
GovernorThomas Chittenden
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byDaniel Buck
Personal details
Born(1755-03-23)March 23, 1755
Brimfield,
Province of Massachusetts Bay,
British America
DiedNovember 30, 1813(1813-11-30) (aged 58)
Burlington, Vermont
Resting placeElmwood Cemetery
Burlington, Vermont
Political partyFederalist[1]
SpouseLucy Caroline Allen (m. 1789-1813, his death)
RelationsEthan Allen (father-in-law)
Children6 (including Henry Hitchcock and Ethan A. Hitchcock)
EducationHarvard University
OccupationAttorney

Samuel Hitchcock (March 23, 1755 – November 30, 1813) was the 1st Attorney General of Vermont, a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont and a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit. He was the son-in-law of Ethan Allen and the father of Ethan A. Hitchcock.

Education and career

[edit]

Born on March 23, 1755, in Brimfield, Province of Massachusetts Bay, British America,[2] Hitchcock graduated from Harvard University in 1777.[2] He read law with Jedediah Foster in West Brookfield, Massachusetts, attained admission to the bar, and practiced in Worcester, Massachusetts.[3] He moved to Manchester, Republic of Vermont in 1784.[4]

Hitchcock continued private practice in Burlington, Republic of Vermont from 1786 to 1787.[2] He was state's attorney for Chittenden County, Republic of Vermont from 1787 to 1790.[2] He was the 1st Attorney General of Vermont (Republic of Vermont until March 4, 1791, State of Vermont, United States on and from that date) from 1790 to 1793.[2] He was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives (under the Republic of Vermont and State of Vermont) from 1789 to 1793.[2] Hitchcock also served as a Justice of the Peace and heard cases in Burlington.[5]

In 1791, Hitchcock was a delegate to the Vermont convention which ratified the United States Constitution and enabled Vermont to join the Union as the 14th state.[6] Hitchcock drafted the charter for the University of Vermont, was an original member of its board of trustees, and was the longtime secretary of the board.[7] In 1792, he was one of Vermont's presidential electors, casting his ballots for Washington for President and Adams for Vice President.[8]

Federal judicial service

[edit]

Hitchcock received a recess appointment from President George Washington on September 3, 1793, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Vermont vacated by Judge Nathaniel Chipman.[2] He was nominated to the same position by President Washington on December 27, 1793.[2] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 30, 1793, and received his commission on January 28, 1794.[2] His service terminated on February 20, 1801, due to his elevation to the Second Circuit.[2]

Hitchcock was nominated by President John Adams on February 18, 1801, to the United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit, to a new seat authorized by 2 Stat. 89.[2] He was confirmed by the Senate on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day.[2] His service terminated on July 1, 1802, due to abolition of the court.[2]

Later career and death

[edit]

Following his departure from the federal bench, Hitchcock resumed private practice in Vergennes and Burlington, Vermont from 1802 to 1813.[2] He died in Burlington on November 30, 1813.[a][2][9][10] He was buried in Burlington's Elmwood Cemetery.[11]

Family

[edit]

Hitchcock was the son of Noah and Mary Hitchcock.[3] He was married to Lucy Caroline Allen (1768–1842), the daughter of Ethan Allen.[3] Their children who lived to adulthood included Lorraine Allen Hitchcock, Henry Hitchcock, Mary Anne Hitchcock, Ethan A. Hitchcock, Caroline P. Hitchcock, and Samuel Hitchcock.[3]

Note

[edit]
  1. ^ Many sources indicate November 20. November 30 is verified by the Burlington death and burial record for Samuel Hitchcock, as well as contemporary newspaper death notices, none of which appeared before December 1, 1813.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ragsdale, Bruce A. (2005). "The Sedition Act Trials" (PDF). Federal Judicial Center. Washington, DC: Federal Judicial History Office. p. 35. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Samuel Hitchcock at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
  3. ^ a b c d "The Genealogy of the Hitchcock Family: Who are Descended from Matthias Hitchcock of East Haven, Conn., and Luke Hitchcock of Wethersfield, Conn". Press of Carpenter & Morehouse. July 7, 1894. pp. 248–251 – via Internet Archive.
  4. ^ Aldrich, Lewis Cass (1889). History of Bennington County, Vt. Syracuse, NY: D. Mason & Co. p. 200 – via Internet Archive.
  5. ^ Rann, William S. (July 7, 1886). History of Chittenden County, Vermont: With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers. D. Mason & Company. p. 414 – via Internet Archive.
  6. ^ Lawson, John Davison (July 7, 1916). "American State Trials: A Collection of the Important and Interesting Criminal Trials which Have Taken Place in the United States, from the Beginning of Our Government to the Present Day: with Notes and Annotations (Volume 6)". Thomas Law Books. p. 689 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University". Yale University. July 7, 1910. p. 135 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ Rand, Avery of (July 7, 1902). "Vermont Legislative Directory". Vermont Office of Secretary of State. p. 198 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ "Death notice, Samuel Hitchcock". Boston Commercial Gazette. Boston, MA. December 16, 1813. p. 2 – via GenealogyBank.com. At Burlington, Ver on the 30th ult., Hon. Samuel Hitchcock, age 59.
  10. ^ "The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States as Illustrated in the Lives of the Founders, Builders, and Defenders of the Republic, and of the Men and Women who are Doing the Work and Moulding the Thought of the Present Time (Volume 11)". J. T. White Company. July 7, 1901. pp. 195–196 – via Google Books.
  11. ^ Corley, Edward B. (November 2, 1921). "Death and Burial Record for Samuel Hitchcock in the Vermont Vital Records, 1720-1908 (Copy of original)". Ancestry.com. Provo, UT: Ancestry.com LLC. Retrieved November 23, 2017.

Sources

[edit]
Legal offices
Preceded by
Office established
1st Attorney General of Vermont
1790–1793
Succeeded by
Preceded by Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont
1793–1801
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Seat established by 2 Stat. 89
Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit
1801–1802
Succeeded by
Seat abolished