1940 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash: Difference between revisions
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{{see also|Norton Fitzwarren rail crash |
{{see also|1890 Norton Fitzwarren rail crash}} |
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| date = 4 November 1940 |
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| time = 03:47 |
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| passengers = ~900 |
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| deaths = 27 |
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The '''Norton Fitzwarren rail crash''' occurred on 4 November 1940 between [[Taunton]] and [[Norton Fitzwarren]] in the [[England|English]] county of [[Somerset]], when the driver of a train misunderstood the signalling and track layout, causing him to drive the train through a set of points and off the rails at approximately |
The '''Norton Fitzwarren rail crash''' occurred on 4 November 1940 between [[Taunton]] and [[Norton Fitzwarren]] in the [[England|English]] county of [[Somerset]], when the driver of a train misunderstood the signalling and track layout, causing him to drive the train through a set of points and off the rails at approximately {{convert|40|mph}}. 27 people were killed.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Norton Fitzwarren Train Disaster|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19401109/176/0008|accessdate=20 October 2015|work=Taunton Courier, and Western Advertiser|date=9 November 1940| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The locomotive involved was [[Great Western Railway|GWR]] [[GWR 6000 Class|King Class]] ''GWR 6028 King Class [[King George VI]]'' which was subsequently repaired and returned to service. A [[Norton Fitzwarren rail crash (1890)|previous significant accident]] occurred here on 10 November 1890 and the [[Taunton train fire]] of 1978 was also within {{convert|2|m}}. |
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== Overview == |
== Overview == |
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[[File:Norton Fitzwarren crash (1940) diagram.svg|frame|right|A simplified track and signal diagram of the Norton Fitzwarren crash. <br> The train went through the [[catch points|catch]] (trap) points at the end of the Down Relief (Slow) Line.]] |
[[File:Norton Fitzwarren crash (1940) diagram.svg|frame|right|A simplified track and signal diagram of the Norton Fitzwarren crash. <br> The train went through the [[catch points|catch]] (trap) points at the end of the Down Relief (Slow) Line.]] |
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⚫ | The house of the driver, Percy Stacey, had been bombed the previous night. He had gone to work as usual.<ref>{{cite news|title=Report on the Norton Fitzwarren Train Disaster|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000528/19410104/013/0003|accessdate=20 October 2015|work=Taunton Courier, and Western Advertiser|date=4 January 1941| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Further bombing on the night of the accident and other disruptions had made the train an hour late by the time it reached Taunton. |
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⚫ | The crash occurred at a point on the railway where four tracks were reduced to two. On the four-track section, the up and down fast lines were in the |
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⚫ | The crash occurred at a point on the railway where four tracks were reduced to two. On the four-track section, the up and down fast lines were in the center between the up and down slow lines. Instead of the usual practice of locating all [[Railway signal|signals]] on the same side of their respective tracks (GWR practice was to commonly put them to the right of the track, the same side their drivers stood on the locomotive), the Relief Line signals were on the left, and the Main Line signals were on the right.<ref name=mount>{{cite web|title=Accident report by A.H.L. Mount|url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/MoT_NortonFitzwarren1940.pdf|publisher=Railways Archive|accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Stacey's train left [[Taunton railway station|Taunton station]] observing the indications of the right-hand signals (all green, indicating "proceed" for the Down Main line), not realizing his train was travelling on the Down Relief (left-hand) track and the signals were showing clear for another train coming from behind on the adjacent track. Wartime blackout conditions at night contributed to this misapprehension. The driver only realised his mistake when the other train overtook him, by which time it was too late to stop before the track ended. As [[trap points]] were in place, the train was derailed rather than running onto the fast line and colliding with the other train. The fireman and 26 passengers were killed. |
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⚫ | The guard in the end vehicle of the overtaking train was alarmed by strange noises, which later turned out to be ballast thrown up by the derailing train alongside. He applied his own brakes to check what might be the problem, the train was stopped at Victory Siding, the next signalbox to the west, and he discovered the sides of the last vehicles were scored from flying ballast, and there were broken windows. The derailing "King" locomotive had nosed down off the end of the overrun siding and then swung across the main tracks, what must have been feet behind the overtaking train. |
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Also, the signalman at [[Taunton]] station had initially cleared the starting signal for the usual route at the west end of the platform, to cross over to the Down Main line, which was showing when the train stopped at the platform. While the train was stopped the signalman was offered the faster non-stopping train, so restored the signal, changed the route of the crashed train from the Down Fast to the Down Slow, and cleared the Down Slow signal. The driver was on the opposite side of the locomotive to the signal, and the fireman, who performed a second check at departure, reported as usual "it's clear". Because of the slow speed of departure, in blackout conditions, the driver never noticed they were now continuing on the Down Relief line and not taking the crossover to the Down Main.<ref name=mount/> |
Also, the signalman at [[Taunton]] station had initially cleared the starting signal for the usual route at the west end of the platform, to cross over to the Down Main line, which was showing when the train stopped at the platform. While the train was stopped the signalman was offered the faster non-stopping train, so restored the signal, changed the route of the crashed train from the Down Fast to the Down Slow, and cleared the Down Slow signal. The driver was on the opposite side of the locomotive to the signal, and the fireman, who performed a second check at departure, reported as usual "it's clear". Because of the slow speed of departure, in blackout conditions, the driver never noticed they were now continuing on the Down Relief line and not taking the crossover to the Down Main.<ref name=mount/> |
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The signals had been badly placed as an economy measure. If at least one pair of signals had been placed as usual – requiring a gantry or a bracket – then the driver of the train would have been more likely to recognise which track he was on and which signals related to it. |
The signals had been badly placed as an economy measure. If at least one pair of signals had been placed as usual – requiring a gantry or a bracket – then the driver of the train would have been more likely to recognise which track he was on and which signals related to it. |
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The extra space between the Fast lines was a |
The extra space between the Fast lines was a holdover from the wide [[Double track#Track centres|track centres]] of Brunel's broad gauge.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rolt |first1=L. T. C. |title=Red for danger : a history of railway accidents and railway safety |date=1978 |publisher=Pan Books |location=London |isbn=033025555X |pages=250–254 |edition=3rd (revised and extended)}}</ref> |
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The signals at [[Norton Fitzwarren railway station]] were fitted with the [[Great Western Railway|GWR]] [[Automatic Train Control#GWR ATC|Automatic Train Control]] (ATC) which alerted the driver, in the cab, audibly that the approaching distant signal is at "caution". A warning signal has to be acknowledged or the brakes are applied. |
The signals at [[Norton Fitzwarren railway station]] were fitted with the [[Great Western Railway|GWR]] [[Automatic Train Control#GWR ATC|Automatic Train Control]] (ATC) which alerted the driver, in the cab, audibly that the approaching distant signal is at "caution". A warning signal has to be acknowledged or the brakes are applied. Drivers can be so used to cancelling the warning, that they may do this subconsciously. This would especially happen if the driver is reading the wrong green signal. Although the ATC equipment was working correctly, wartime deferred maintenance had meant that in a number of cases the ATC ramps were not working correctly and were giving false "caution" alerts when the signals were clear, supposedly a correct failure mode but one which led to crews believing that a warning when they saw clear signals was just another maintenance issue. |
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== Inquiry == |
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== Overtaking train pulled up == |
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The inquiry was conducted by the Chief Inspecting Officer of the [[His Majesty's Railway Inspectorate|Railway Inspectorate]], Sir Alan Mount. He concluded that although the position of the signals was confusing, the "sole cause was an unaccountable lapse on the part of Driver P.W. Stacey" despite his excellent record of 40 years of service. He suggested that operating under conditions of [[Blackout (wartime)|blackout]] and the general strain of the war, including Stacey's own house being bombed the previous night, may have been a factor in this lapse. |
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⚫ | The guard in the end vehicle of the overtaking train was alarmed by strange noises, which later turned out to be ballast thrown up by the derailing train alongside. He applied his own brakes to check what might be the problem, the train was stopped at Victory Siding, the next signalbox to the west, and he discovered the sides of the last vehicles were scored from flying ballast, and there were broken windows. The derailing "King" locomotive had nosed down off the end of the overrun siding and then swung across the main tracks, what must have been feet behind the overtaking train. |
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== Wartime censorship == |
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This accident was reported soon after in newspapers in far off Australia. The cause was attributed to a culvert washaway caused by recent heavy rains, and no mention was made that the locomotive was a namesake of the reigning monarch.<ref> {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223198214 |title=24 Die In Rail Crash |newspaper=[[Weekly Times]] |issue=3725 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=9 November 1940 |accessdate=24 July 2017 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} </ref> |
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==Aftermath== |
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⚫ | The house of the |
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Despite a considerable amount of sympathy for Driver Stacey, he never forgave himself for the accident. When asked for a comment by the press, he said "don't talk to me, I'm a murderer". He died just over a year later for no apparent medical reason. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{1940 railway accidents}} |
{{1940 railway accidents}} |
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{{Railway accidents in the United Kingdom, 1900–1999|state=collapsed}} |
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[[Category:Railway accidents in Somerset]] |
[[Category:Railway accidents and incidents in Somerset]] |
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[[Category:Railway accidents in 1940]] |
[[Category:Railway accidents in 1940|Norton Fitzwarren rail crash]] |
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[[Category:1940 in England]] |
[[Category:1940 in England|Norton Fitzwarren rail crash]] |
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[[Category:Rail transport in Somerset]] |
[[Category:Rail transport in Somerset]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving Great Western Railway]] |
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[[Category:20th century in Somerset]] |
[[Category:20th century in Somerset]] |
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[[Category:Railway accidents involving a |
[[Category:Railway accidents involving a signal passed at danger]] |
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[[Category:Derailments in |
[[Category:Derailments in England]] |
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[[Category:1940 disasters in the United Kingdom]] |
[[Category:1940 disasters in the United Kingdom|Norton Fitzwarren rail crash]] |
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[[Category:November 1940 events in the United Kingdom|Norton Fitzwarren rail crash]] |
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[[Category:Norton Fitzwarren]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:57, 29 July 2024
Norton Fitzwarren rail crash | |
---|---|
Details | |
Date | 4 November 1940 03:47 |
Location | Norton Fitzwarren, Somerset |
Country | England |
Line | Reading to Plymouth Line |
Operator | Great Western Railway |
Cause | Signal passed at danger |
Statistics | |
Trains | 1 |
Passengers | ~900 |
Deaths | 27 |
Injured | 74 |
List of UK rail accidents by year |
The Norton Fitzwarren rail crash occurred on 4 November 1940 between Taunton and Norton Fitzwarren in the English county of Somerset, when the driver of a train misunderstood the signalling and track layout, causing him to drive the train through a set of points and off the rails at approximately 40 miles per hour (64 km/h). 27 people were killed.[1] The locomotive involved was GWR King Class GWR 6028 King Class King George VI which was subsequently repaired and returned to service. A previous significant accident occurred here on 10 November 1890 and the Taunton train fire of 1978 was also within 2 metres (6 ft 7 in).
Overview
[edit]The house of the driver, Percy Stacey, had been bombed the previous night. He had gone to work as usual.[2] Further bombing on the night of the accident and other disruptions had made the train an hour late by the time it reached Taunton.
The crash occurred at a point on the railway where four tracks were reduced to two. On the four-track section, the up and down fast lines were in the center between the up and down slow lines. Instead of the usual practice of locating all signals on the same side of their respective tracks (GWR practice was to commonly put them to the right of the track, the same side their drivers stood on the locomotive), the Relief Line signals were on the left, and the Main Line signals were on the right.[3]
Stacey's train left Taunton station observing the indications of the right-hand signals (all green, indicating "proceed" for the Down Main line), not realizing his train was travelling on the Down Relief (left-hand) track and the signals were showing clear for another train coming from behind on the adjacent track. Wartime blackout conditions at night contributed to this misapprehension. The driver only realised his mistake when the other train overtook him, by which time it was too late to stop before the track ended. As trap points were in place, the train was derailed rather than running onto the fast line and colliding with the other train. The fireman and 26 passengers were killed.
The guard in the end vehicle of the overtaking train was alarmed by strange noises, which later turned out to be ballast thrown up by the derailing train alongside. He applied his own brakes to check what might be the problem, the train was stopped at Victory Siding, the next signalbox to the west, and he discovered the sides of the last vehicles were scored from flying ballast, and there were broken windows. The derailing "King" locomotive had nosed down off the end of the overrun siding and then swung across the main tracks, what must have been feet behind the overtaking train.
Also, the signalman at Taunton station had initially cleared the starting signal for the usual route at the west end of the platform, to cross over to the Down Main line, which was showing when the train stopped at the platform. While the train was stopped the signalman was offered the faster non-stopping train, so restored the signal, changed the route of the crashed train from the Down Fast to the Down Slow, and cleared the Down Slow signal. The driver was on the opposite side of the locomotive to the signal, and the fireman, who performed a second check at departure, reported as usual "it's clear". Because of the slow speed of departure, in blackout conditions, the driver never noticed they were now continuing on the Down Relief line and not taking the crossover to the Down Main.[3]
The signals had been badly placed as an economy measure. If at least one pair of signals had been placed as usual – requiring a gantry or a bracket – then the driver of the train would have been more likely to recognise which track he was on and which signals related to it.
The extra space between the Fast lines was a holdover from the wide track centres of Brunel's broad gauge.[4]
The signals at Norton Fitzwarren railway station were fitted with the GWR Automatic Train Control (ATC) which alerted the driver, in the cab, audibly that the approaching distant signal is at "caution". A warning signal has to be acknowledged or the brakes are applied. Drivers can be so used to cancelling the warning, that they may do this subconsciously. This would especially happen if the driver is reading the wrong green signal. Although the ATC equipment was working correctly, wartime deferred maintenance had meant that in a number of cases the ATC ramps were not working correctly and were giving false "caution" alerts when the signals were clear, supposedly a correct failure mode but one which led to crews believing that a warning when they saw clear signals was just another maintenance issue.
Inquiry
[edit]The inquiry was conducted by the Chief Inspecting Officer of the Railway Inspectorate, Sir Alan Mount. He concluded that although the position of the signals was confusing, the "sole cause was an unaccountable lapse on the part of Driver P.W. Stacey" despite his excellent record of 40 years of service. He suggested that operating under conditions of blackout and the general strain of the war, including Stacey's own house being bombed the previous night, may have been a factor in this lapse.
Wartime censorship
[edit]This accident was reported soon after in newspapers in far off Australia. The cause was attributed to a culvert washaway caused by recent heavy rains, and no mention was made that the locomotive was a namesake of the reigning monarch.[5]
Aftermath
[edit]Despite a considerable amount of sympathy for Driver Stacey, he never forgave himself for the accident. When asked for a comment by the press, he said "don't talk to me, I'm a murderer". He died just over a year later for no apparent medical reason.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "The Norton Fitzwarren Train Disaster". Taunton Courier, and Western Advertiser. 9 November 1940. Retrieved 20 October 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Report on the Norton Fitzwarren Train Disaster". Taunton Courier, and Western Advertiser. 4 January 1941. Retrieved 20 October 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b "Accident report by A.H.L. Mount" (PDF). Railways Archive. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ^ Rolt, L. T. C. (1978). Red for danger : a history of railway accidents and railway safety (3rd (revised and extended) ed.). London: Pan Books. pp. 250–254. ISBN 033025555X.
- ^ "24 Die In Rail Crash". Weekly Times. No. 3725. Victoria, Australia. 9 November 1940. p. 3. Retrieved 24 July 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
External links
[edit]- Railway accidents and incidents in Somerset
- Railway accidents in 1940
- 1940 in England
- Rail transport in Somerset
- Accidents and incidents involving Great Western Railway
- 20th century in Somerset
- Railway accidents involving a signal passed at danger
- Derailments in England
- 1940 disasters in the United Kingdom
- November 1940 events in the United Kingdom
- Norton Fitzwarren
- Rail accidents caused by a driver's error