Taranaki Province: Difference between revisions
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{{For|the modern Taranaki region|Taranaki}} |
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[[Image:New Zealand provinces Taranaki.png|right|200px|Map showing the boundaries of the Taranaki Province]] |
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{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}} |
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''(For the current top-level subdivision of Taranaki in New Zealand, see [[Taranaki]])'' |
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{{Infobox settlement |
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|name=Taranaki |
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|official_name=Formerly New Plymouth |
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|native_name=Porowini o Taranaki |
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|native_name_lang= mi |
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|total_type= Province |
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|motto= |
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|image_map=Taranaki in New Zealand (1873).svg |
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|map_caption= Taranaki Province within New Zealand post 1853 |
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|subdivision_type= Country |
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|subdivision_name= New Zealand |
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|subdivision_type1= Island |
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|subdivision_name1= [[North Island]] |
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|parts_type= |
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|leader_title= |
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|leader_name= |
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|established_title= Established |
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|established_date= 1853 |
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|extinct_title=Abolished |
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|extinct_date=1876 |
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|named_for=[[Mount Taranaki]] |
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|area_total_km2= |
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|population_as_of= |
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|population_total= |
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}} |
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==Area== |
==Area== |
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With an area of some {{convert|2000000|acre|sqkm}}, New Plymouth Province was the smallest of the initial six provinces, and it was also the least populous. European settlement started in [[New Plymouth]] in 1841, which was the province's capital. For the first 30 years, European settlement did not extend many miles beyond New Plymouth.<ref name="Te Ara Taranaki Province">{{cite book |title=[[An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand]] |orig-year=First published in 1966 |publisher=[[Ministry for Culture and Heritage|Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga]] |chapter-url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/taranaki | editor-first=A. H. |editor-last=McLintock |editor-link=Alexander Hare McLintock |access-date= 1 December 2013 |chapter=Province and Provincial Districts |date= 22 April 2009}}</ref> |
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==History== |
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At the beginning of the 19th century, a coastal fringe some {{convert|2|to|4|mi}} deep was densely populated with [[Māori people|Māori]]. [[Iwi]] from the [[Waikato]] region threatened these [[Ngāti Awa]], and during the 1820s, many of the inhabitants left Taranaki. In 1832, Waikato [[iwi]] launched an assault with firearms, resulting in the remaining Ngāti Awa being killed or going into slavery apart from the Otaku [[pā]] in New Plymouth. When English emigrants arrived in 1841, they found deserted land.<ref name="Te Ara Taranaki Province" /> |
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The settlement of the province was organised by the Plymouth Company, a subsidiary of the [[New Zealand Company]] which was later absorbed into its parent company. Taranaki was chosen for the settlement by the surveyor [[Frederic Carrington]], and New Plymouth was the only town founded in the country founded through organised settlement that lacked a natural harbour. Carrington argued that fertile land and natural harbours don't come together in New Zealand, and that the land is more important for the settlement, and an artificial harbour will later be affordable. He was present when the breakwater was built 40 years after New Plymouth had been founded.<ref name="Te Ara Taranaki Province" /> |
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==Anniversary Day== |
==Anniversary Day== |
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New Zealand law |
New Zealand law provides an anniversary day for each province. Taranaki Anniversary Day is celebrated annually on the second Monday in March. |
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==Superintendents== |
==Superintendents== |
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* [[Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history#1850s|1853]] [[Charles Brown (Taranaki)|Charles Brown]] (1st time) |
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The Taranaki Province had four [[Superintendent (New Zealand)|Superintendents]]:<ref name="Rulers">{{cite web|title=Provinces 1848-77 |url=http://rulers.org/newzprov.html |publisher=Rulers.org|access-date=15 June 2010 }}</ref> |
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* [[Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history#1850s|1857]] [[George Cutfield]] |
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* [[Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history#1860s|1861]] [[Charles Brown (Taranaki)|Charles Brown]] (2nd time) |
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{| class="wikitable" width=45% |
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* [[Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history#1860s|1865]] [[Henry Robert Richmond]] |
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! No. |
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* [[Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history#1860s|1869]] [[Frederic Alonzo Carrington]] |
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! from |
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! to |
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! Superintendent |
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|- |
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| 1 |
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| 18 Jul 1853 |
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| 13 Dec 1856 |
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| [[Charles Brown (New Zealand politician)|Charles Brown]] |
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|- |
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| 2 |
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| 3 Feb 1857 |
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| Jun/Jul 1861 |
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| [[George Cutfield]] |
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|- |
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| |
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| Jun/Jul 1861 |
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| 8 Aug 1865 |
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| Charles Brown (2nd time) |
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|- |
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| 3 |
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| 7 Sep 1865 |
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| 8 Sep 1869 |
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| [[Henry Richmond (politician)|Henry Richmond]] |
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|- |
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| 4 |
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| 2 Oct 1869 |
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| 1 Jan 1877 |
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| [[Frederic Carrington]] |
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|} |
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==Legislation== |
==Legislation== |
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No surviving legislation. |
No surviving legislation. |
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== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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* A page containing a map of the old provincial boundaries is available [http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/Gallery/brit-nz/whereto.htm here]. |
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* [http://rulers.org/newzprov.htm List at Rulers site with provincial superintendents] |
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==External links== |
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<br> |
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* [http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/government-and-nation/2/3/1 Map of the North Island provinces] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131214013819/http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/62938/token-1-penny-john-gilmour-new-plymouth-new-zealand-circa-1866 The Seal of New Plymouth - on reverse of coin] |
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{{Provinces of New Zealand}} |
{{Provinces of New Zealand}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{coord|39|18|S|174|8|E|display=title}} |
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{{Taranaki-geo-stub}} |
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[[Category:Provinces of New Zealand]] |
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[[Category:States and territories established in 1853]] |
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[[Category:1876 disestablishments in New Zealand]] |
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[[Category:1853 establishments in New Zealand]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:46, 30 July 2024
Taranaki
Porowini o Taranaki | |
|---|---|
| Formerly New Plymouth | |
.svg) Taranaki Province within New Zealand post 1853 | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Island | North Island |
| Established | 1853 |
| Abolished | 1876 |
| Named for | Mount Taranaki |
| Seat | New Plymouth |
The Taranaki Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876. Initially known as New Plymouth Province, the province was renamed on 1 January 1859 as the Taranaki Province.
Area
[edit]With an area of some 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km2), New Plymouth Province was the smallest of the initial six provinces, and it was also the least populous. European settlement started in New Plymouth in 1841, which was the province's capital. For the first 30 years, European settlement did not extend many miles beyond New Plymouth.[1]
History
[edit]At the beginning of the 19th century, a coastal fringe some 2 to 4 miles (3.2 to 6.4 km) deep was densely populated with Māori. Iwi from the Waikato region threatened these Ngāti Awa, and during the 1820s, many of the inhabitants left Taranaki. In 1832, Waikato iwi launched an assault with firearms, resulting in the remaining Ngāti Awa being killed or going into slavery apart from the Otaku pā in New Plymouth. When English emigrants arrived in 1841, they found deserted land.[1]
The settlement of the province was organised by the Plymouth Company, a subsidiary of the New Zealand Company which was later absorbed into its parent company. Taranaki was chosen for the settlement by the surveyor Frederic Carrington, and New Plymouth was the only town founded in the country founded through organised settlement that lacked a natural harbour. Carrington argued that fertile land and natural harbours don't come together in New Zealand, and that the land is more important for the settlement, and an artificial harbour will later be affordable. He was present when the breakwater was built 40 years after New Plymouth had been founded.[1]
Anniversary Day
[edit]New Zealand law provides an anniversary day for each province. Taranaki Anniversary Day is celebrated annually on the second Monday in March.
Superintendents
[edit]The Taranaki Province had four Superintendents:[2]
| No. | from | to | Superintendent |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18 Jul 1853 | 13 Dec 1856 | Charles Brown |
| 2 | 3 Feb 1857 | Jun/Jul 1861 | George Cutfield |
| Jun/Jul 1861 | 8 Aug 1865 | Charles Brown (2nd time) | |
| 3 | 7 Sep 1865 | 8 Sep 1869 | Henry Richmond |
| 4 | 2 Oct 1869 | 1 Jan 1877 | Frederic Carrington |
Legislation
[edit]No surviving legislation.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c McLintock, A. H., ed. (22 April 2009) [First published in 1966]. "Province and Provincial Districts". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
- ^ "Provinces 1848-77". Rulers.org. Retrieved 15 June 2010.