Jump to content

Banksia undata: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
effect of climate change
m {{Use Australian English}} and general fixes
 
(26 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia.}}
{{taxobox
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2024}}
⚫
|name = Urchin Dryandra
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
⚫
|image = Another sesselis 9.JPG
{{Speciesbox
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
|name = Urchin dryandra
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
⚫
|image = Banksia undata 9.JPG
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|genus = Banksia
|ordo = [[Proteales]]
|display_parents = 2
|familia = [[Proteaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Banksia]]''
|parent = Banksia ser. Dryandra
⚫
|species = undata
|subgenus = [[Banksia subg. Banksia|''Banksia'' subg. ''Banksia'']]
|authority = [[Austin Mast|A.R.Mast]] & [[Kevin Thiele|K.R.Thiele]]<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Banksia undata'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/205072|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>
|series = [[Banksia ser. Dryandra|''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'']]
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" />
⚫
|species = '''''B.&nbsp;undata'''''
|synonyms =
|binomial = ''Banksia undata''
* ''Dryandra praemorsa'' <small>[[Carl Meissner|Meisn.]]</small>
|binomial_authority = [[Austin Mast|A.R.Mast]] & [[Kevin Thiele|K.R.Thiele]]
* ''Josephia praemorsa'' <small>(Meisn.) [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small>
|}}
}}


'''''Banksia undata''''', commonly known as '''urchin dryandra''',<ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Banksia stenoprion''|id=32043}}</ref> is a species of shrub that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the southwest of Western Australia. It has [[Sessility (botany)|sessile]], wedge-shaped, wavy, serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of between 80 and 160, and later up to eight [[Follicle (fruit)|follicles]] in each head.
'''''Banksia undata''''', commonly known as '''Urchin Dryandra''', is a [[shrub]] endemic to [[Western Australia]].


==Description==
It was known as '''''Dryandra praemorsa''''' until 2007, when all ''Dryandra'' species were transferred to ''[[Banksia]]'' by [[Austin Mast]] and [[Kevin Thiele]]. As there was already a plant named ''[[Banksia praemorsa]]'' (Cut-leaf Banksia), Mast and Thiele were forced to chose a new specific epithet; their choice, "undata", is from the [[Latin]] ''undatus'' ("undulate"), in reference to the wavy leaves.
''Banksia undata'' is a shrub that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|3|m}} but does not form a [[lignotuber]]. It has wavy, serrated, wedge-shaped leaves that are {{cvt|25–110|mm}} long and {{cvt|10–60|mm}} wide and sessile or on a very short [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. There are between four and nine irregular teeth on each side of the leaves. The flowers are pale yellow, arranged in heads of between 80 and 160 with hairy egg-shaped to narrow lance-shaped [[Bract#Involucral bracts|involucral bracts]] {{cvt|12–15|mm}} long at the base of each head. The [[perianth]] is {{cvt|30–38|mm}} long, sometimes pinkish, and the [[Gynoecium#Pistils|pistil]] {{cvt|31–52|mm}} long. Flowering occurs from July to October up to eight egg-shaped to elliptical follicles, {{cvt|12–15|mm}} long form in each head.<ref name="FloraBase" /><ref name="George1999">{{cite book |last1=George |first1=Alex S. |title=Flora of Australia |volume=17B |date=1999 |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra |location=Canberra |page=291 |url=https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/6d8c5c3b-8545-437e-b9b3-944ac95ee07a/files/flora-australia-17b-proteaceae-3-hakea-dryandra.pdf |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>


==Taxonomy and naming==
There are two varieties: [[Banksia undata var. undata|''B.&nbsp;undata'' var. ''undata'']] and [[Banksia undata var. splendens|''B.&nbsp;undata'' var. ''spendens'']].
This species was first formally described in 1848 by Swiss botanist [[Carl Meissner]] who gave it the name ''Dryandra praemorsa'' and published the description in [[Johann Georg Christian Lehmann|Lehmann's]] ''[[Plantae Preissianae]]'' from specimens collected by [[James Drummond (botanist)|James Drummond]] near the [[Swan River Colony|Swan River]].<ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Dryandra praemorsa''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/528858|publisher=APNI|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="Meisn.">{{cite book |last1=Meissner |first1=Carl |last2=Lehmann |first2=Johann G.C. |title=Plantae Preissianae (Volume 2) |date=1848 |publisher=Sumptibus Meissneri |location=Hamburg |pages=265–266 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9228#page/267/mode/1up |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>

In 1996, [[Alex George (botanist)|Alex George]] describe two varieties of ''D. praemorsa'':
* ''Dryandra praemorsa'' var. ''praemorsa'' that has a pistil {{cvt|30–38|mm}} long and leaves usually {{cvt|25–60|mm}} long and {{cvt|10–40|mm}} wide;
* ''Dryandra praemorsa'' var. ''splendens'' that has a pistil {{cvt|47–52|mm}} long and leaves usually {{cvt|40–110|mm}} long and {{cvt|25–60|mm}} wide.<ref name="George1996">{{cite journal |last1=George |first1=Alex |title=New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in ''Dryandra'' R.Br. (Proteaceae : Grevilleoideae) |journal=Nuytsia |date=1996 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=352–353 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224945#page/46/mode/1up |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>

In 2007 [[Austin Mast]] and [[Kevin Thiele]] transferred all dryandras to the genus ''Banksia''. As there was already a plant named ''[[Banksia praemorsa]]'' (cut-leaf banksia), Mast and Thiele were forced to choose a new specific epithet; their choice, "undata", is from the [[Latin]] ''undatus'' ("undulate"), in reference to the wavy leaves.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Mast | first1 = Austin R. | author-link1=Austin Mast | first2 = Kevin | last2 = Thiele | author-link2 = Kevin Thiele | year = 2007 | title = The transfer of ''Dryandra'' R.Br. to ''Banksia'' L.f. (Proteaceae) | journal = [[Australian Systematic Botany]] | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–71 | doi = 10.1071/SB06016}}</ref><ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Banksia stenoprion''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/614342|publisher=APNI|access-date=5 June 2020}}</ref> The names of the two varieties, var. ''splendens''<ref name="APC1">{{cite web |title=''Banksia undata'' var. ''splendens''|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/205204|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> and var. ''undata''<ref name="APC2">{{cite web |title=''Banksia undata'' var. ''undata''|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/205203|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> are accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]].

==Distribution and habitat==
Urchin dryandra occurs between [[Clackline, Western Australia|Clackline]], [[Dwellingup, Western Australia|Dwellingup]] and [[North Bannister, Western Australia|Bannister]] where it grows in [[Eucalyptus marginata|jarrah]] forest. Variety ''splendens'' is found from the [[Brookton Highway]] south to Bannister and var. ''undata'' between Clackline and Dwellingup.<ref name="George1999" />

==Ecology==
⚫
An assessment of the potential impact of [[climate change]] on this species found that its range is likely to contract by between 50% and 80% by 2080, depending on the severity of the change.<ref name="Fitzpatrick 2008">{{cite journal | last1=Fitzpatrick | first1=Matthew C. | last2=Gove | first2=Aaron D. | last3=Sanders | first3=Nathan J. | last4=Dunn | first4=Robert R. | year = 2008 | title = Climate change, plant migration, and range collapse in a global biodiversity hotspot: the ''Banksia'' (Proteaceae) of Western Australia | journal = Global Change Biology | volume = 14 | pages = 1–16 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01559.x | issue = 6| bibcode=2008GCBio..14.1337F }}</ref>

==Conservation status==
''Banksia undata'' and its two varieties are classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]].<ref name="FloraBase" /><ref name=FloraBase1>{{FloraBase|name=''Banksia undata'' var. ''splendens''|id=32055}}</ref><ref name=FloraBase2>{{FloraBase|name=''Banksia undata'' var. ''undata''|id=32054}}</ref>


⚫
An assessment of the potential impact of [[climate change]] on this species found that its range is likely to contract by between 50% and 80% by 2080, depending on the severity of the change.<ref name="Fitzpatrick 2008">{{cite journal | author = Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.; ''et al.'' | year = 2008 | title = Climate change, plant migration, and range collapse in a global biodiversity hotspot: the ''Banksia'' (Proteaceae) of Western Australia | journal = Global Change Biology | volume = 14 | pages = 1–16 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01559.x}}</ref>
==References==
==References==
{{Commons|position=left}}
{{wikisourcepar|Flora Australiensis/Volume V/CIV. Proteaceae/29. Dryandra#Dryandra praemorsa|Flora Australiensis/&#8203;Volume&nbsp;V/&#8203;CIV.&nbsp;Proteaceae/&#8203;29.&nbsp;Dryandra#Dryandra praemorsa}}
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite book | author = Cavanagh, Tony and Margaret Pieroni | year = 2006 | title = The Dryandras | publisher = Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia | isbn = 1-876473-54-1}}
*{{cite book | last1=Cavanagh | first1=Tony | last2=Pieroni | first2=Margaret | author-link2=Margaret Pieroni | year = 2006 | title = The Dryandras | publisher = Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia | isbn = 1-876473-54-1}}
*{{cite journal | author = Mast, Austin R. and Kevin Thiele | year = 2007 | title = The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae) | journal = Australian Systematic Botany | volume = 20 | pages = 63–71 | doi = 10.1071/SB06016}}
*{{FloraBase|name=Dryandra praemorsa|id=1922}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q4856756}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Banksia undata}}
⚫
[[Category:Banksia ser. Dryandra|undata]]
[[Category:Banksia taxa by scientific name|undata]]


⚫
[[Category:Banksia ser. Dryandra|undata]]
{{Banksia-stub}}
[[Category:Plants described in 1848]]
{{WesternAustralia-stub}}
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Meissner]]

Latest revision as of 09:21, 30 July 2024

Urchin dryandra
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. undata
Binomial name
Banksia undata
Synonyms[1]
  • Dryandra praemorsa Meisn.
  • Josephia praemorsa (Meisn.) Kuntze

Banksia undata, commonly known as urchin dryandra,[2] is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sessile, wedge-shaped, wavy, serrated leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of between 80 and 160, and later up to eight follicles in each head.

Description

[edit]

Banksia undata is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 3 m (9.8 ft) but does not form a lignotuber. It has wavy, serrated, wedge-shaped leaves that are 25–110 mm (0.98–4.33 in) long and 10–60 mm (0.39–2.36 in) wide and sessile or on a very short petiole. There are between four and nine irregular teeth on each side of the leaves. The flowers are pale yellow, arranged in heads of between 80 and 160 with hairy egg-shaped to narrow lance-shaped involucral bracts 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in) long at the base of each head. The perianth is 30–38 mm (1.2–1.5 in) long, sometimes pinkish, and the pistil 31–52 mm (1.2–2.0 in) long. Flowering occurs from July to October up to eight egg-shaped to elliptical follicles, 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in) long form in each head.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

[edit]

This species was first formally described in 1848 by Swiss botanist Carl Meissner who gave it the name Dryandra praemorsa and published the description in Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae from specimens collected by James Drummond near the Swan River.[4][5]

In 1996, Alex George describe two varieties of D. praemorsa:

  • Dryandra praemorsa var. praemorsa that has a pistil 30–38 mm (1.2–1.5 in) long and leaves usually 25–60 mm (0.98–2.36 in) long and 10–40 mm (0.39–1.57 in) wide;
  • Dryandra praemorsa var. splendens that has a pistil 47–52 mm (1.9–2.0 in) long and leaves usually 40–110 mm (1.6–4.3 in) long and 25–60 mm (0.98–2.36 in) wide.[6]

In 2007 Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all dryandras to the genus Banksia. As there was already a plant named Banksia praemorsa (cut-leaf banksia), Mast and Thiele were forced to choose a new specific epithet; their choice, "undata", is from the Latin undatus ("undulate"), in reference to the wavy leaves.[7][8] The names of the two varieties, var. splendens[9] and var. undata[10] are accepted by the Australian Plant Census.

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Urchin dryandra occurs between Clackline, Dwellingup and Bannister where it grows in jarrah forest. Variety splendens is found from the Brookton Highway south to Bannister and var. undata between Clackline and Dwellingup.[3]

Ecology

[edit]

An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that its range is likely to contract by between 50% and 80% by 2080, depending on the severity of the change.[11]

Conservation status

[edit]

Banksia undata and its two varieties are classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[2][12][13]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Banksia undata.
  1. ^ a b "Banksia undata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b c "Banksia stenoprion". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. ^ a b George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. p. 291. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  4. ^ "Dryandra praemorsa". APNI. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  5. ^ Meissner, Carl; Lehmann, Johann G.C. (1848). Plantae Preissianae (Volume 2). Hamburg: Sumptibus Meissneri. pp. 265–266. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  6. ^ George, Alex (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae : Grevilleoideae)". Nuytsia. 10 (3): 352–353. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  7. ^ Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2007). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 20 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  8. ^ "Banksia stenoprion". APNI. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  9. ^ "Banksia undata var. splendens". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  10. ^ "Banksia undata var. undata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  11. ^ Fitzpatrick, Matthew C.; Gove, Aaron D.; Sanders, Nathan J.; Dunn, Robert R. (2008). "Climate change, plant migration, and range collapse in a global biodiversity hotspot: the Banksia (Proteaceae) of Western Australia". Global Change Biology. 14 (6): 1–16. Bibcode:2008GCBio..14.1337F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01559.x.
  12. ^ "Banksia undata var. splendens". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  13. ^ "Banksia undata var. undata". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  • Cavanagh, Tony; Pieroni, Margaret (2006). The Dryandras. Melbourne: Australian Plants Society (SGAP Victoria); Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. ISBN 1-876473-54-1.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Banksia_undata&oldid=1237547333"