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{{Short description|American mathematician (1917–1988)}}
{{Other people |Elizabeth Scott}}
{{Infobox scientist
⚫
| name = Elizabeth Scott
| image = <!--(filename only, i.e. without "File:" prefix)-->
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date |1917|11|23|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Fort Sill, Oklahoma]]
| death_date = {{death date and age |1988|12|20 |1917|11|23|mf=y}}
| death_place =
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| fields = [[Mathematics]]
| workplaces = [[University of California, Berkeley]]
| alma_mater = [[University of California, Berkeley]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Robert Julius Trumpler]] <!--(or | doctoral_advisors = )-->
| doctoral_students =
| known_for =
| awards = [[Newcomb Cleveland Prize]] (1958)
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}}


'''Elizabeth Scott''' (November 23, 1917 &ndash; December 20, 1988) was an [[United States|American]] [[mathematician]] specializing in [[statistic]]s.
'''Elizabeth Leonard Scott''' (November 23, 1917 – December 20, 1988) was an American [[mathematician]] specializing in [[statistic]]s.


Scott was born in [[Fort Sill, Oklahoma]]. Her family moved to [[Berkeley, California]] when she was 4 years old. She attended the [[University of California, Berkeley]] where she studied mathematics and [[astronomy]]. There were few options for further study in astronomy, as the field was largely closed to women at the time, so she completed her graduate studies in mathematics. She received her Ph.D. in 1949, and received a permanent position in the Department of Mathematics at Berkeley in 1951.
Scott was born in [[Fort Sill, Oklahoma]]. Her family moved to [[Berkeley, California]] when she was 4 years old. She attended the [[University of California, Berkeley]] where she studied [[astronomy]]. She earned her Ph.D. in 1949 in [[astronomy]], and received a permanent position in the Department of Mathematics at Berkeley in 1951.<ref>{{MacTutor|id=Scott_Elizabeth|title= Elizabeth Leonard Scott}}</ref>


She wrote over 30 papers on astronomy and 30 on weather modification research analysis, incorporating and expanding the use of statistical analyses in these fields. She also used statistics to promote equal opportunities and equal pay for female academics.
She wrote over 30 papers on astronomy and 30 on [[weather modification]] research analysis, incorporating and expanding the use of statistical analyses in these fields. She also used statistics to promote equal opportunities and equal pay for female academics.


In 1957 Elizabeth Scott noted a bias in the observation of [[Galaxy groups and clusters|galaxy clusters]]. She noticed that for an observer to find a very distant cluster, it must contain brighter than normal galaxies and must also contain a large number of galaxies. She proposed a correction formula to adjust for (what came to be known as) the "Scott effect".[http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=hb4t1nb2bd&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00061&toc.depth=1&toc.id=]
In 1957 Scott noted a bias in the observation of [[Galaxy groups and clusters|galaxy clusters]]. She noticed that for an observer to find a very distant cluster, it must contain brighter-than-normal galaxies and must also contain a large number of galaxies. She proposed a correction formula to adjust for (what came to be known as) the [[Scott effect]].<ref>[http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=hb4t1nb2bd&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00061&toc.depth=1&toc.id= Elizabeth Leonard Scott, Statistics: Berkeley], University of California: In Memoriam, 1991</ref><ref>[http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/escott.htm "Elizabeth Scott", Biographies of Women Mathematicians], [[Agnes Scott College]]</ref>
[http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/escott.htm]


Scott was a Fellow of the [[Institute of Mathematical Statistics]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.imstat.org/awards/honored_fellows.htm|title=Honored Fellows|publisher=Institute of Mathematical Statistics|accessdate=2017-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302125855/http://www.imstat.org/awards/honored_fellows.htm|archive-date=2014-03-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies awards a prize in her honour to female statisticians.
The [[Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies]] awards a prize in her honor, the [[Elizabeth L. Scott Award]], for "fostering opportunities in statistics for women".


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/escott.htm "Elizabeth Scott", Biographies of Women Mathematicians], [[Agnes Scott College]]

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{{Authority control}}


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{{Authority control|VIAF=79546785}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| NAME = Scott, Elizabeth
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Mathematician
| DATE OF BIRTH = November 23, 1917
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = December 20, 1988
| PLACE OF DEATH =
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scott, Elizabeth}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scott, Elizabeth}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:American statisticians]]
[[Category:American statisticians]]
[[Category:Women mathematicians]]
[[Category:American women statisticians]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]
[[Category:20th-century mathematicians]]
[[Category:20th-century American mathematicians]]
[[Category:20th-century American women mathematicians]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]

Latest revision as of 15:33, 30 July 2024

For other people named Elizabeth Scott, see Elizabeth Scott (disambiguation).
Elizabeth Scott
Born(1917-11-23)November 23, 1917
Fort Sill, Oklahoma
DiedDecember 20, 1988(1988-12-20) (aged 71)
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of California, Berkeley
AwardsNewcomb Cleveland Prize (1958)
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
InstitutionsUniversity of California, Berkeley
Doctoral advisorRobert Julius Trumpler

Elizabeth Leonard Scott (November 23, 1917 – December 20, 1988) was an American mathematician specializing in statistics.

Scott was born in Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Her family moved to Berkeley, California when she was 4 years old. She attended the University of California, Berkeley where she studied astronomy. She earned her Ph.D. in 1949 in astronomy, and received a permanent position in the Department of Mathematics at Berkeley in 1951.[1]

She wrote over 30 papers on astronomy and 30 on weather modification research analysis, incorporating and expanding the use of statistical analyses in these fields. She also used statistics to promote equal opportunities and equal pay for female academics.

In 1957 Scott noted a bias in the observation of galaxy clusters. She noticed that for an observer to find a very distant cluster, it must contain brighter-than-normal galaxies and must also contain a large number of galaxies. She proposed a correction formula to adjust for (what came to be known as) the Scott effect.[2][3]

Scott was a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.[4] The Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies awards a prize in her honor, the Elizabeth L. Scott Award, for "fostering opportunities in statistics for women".

References

[edit]
  1. ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Elizabeth Leonard Scott", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
  2. ^ Elizabeth Leonard Scott, Statistics: Berkeley, University of California: In Memoriam, 1991
  3. ^ "Elizabeth Scott", Biographies of Women Mathematicians, Agnes Scott College
  4. ^ Honored Fellows, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, archived from the original on 2014-03-02, retrieved 2017-11-24
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