Bernhard Walke: Difference between revisions

Bernhard H. Walke
Bernhard H. Walke
	Bernhard Walke at RWTH Aachen
Born	28 July 1940

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Bernhard H. Walke (born 28 July 1940 in Neisse, Upper Silesia) is a pioneer of mobile Internet access^[1] and professor emeritus at RWTH Aachen University in Germany. He is a driver of wireless and mobile 2G to 5G cellular radio networks technologies. In 1985, he proposed a local cellular radio network^[2] comprising technologies in use today in 2G, 4G and discussed for 5G systems. For example, self-organization of a radio mesh network, integration of circuit- and packet switching, de-centralized radio resource control, TDMA/spread spectrum data transmission, antenna beam steering, spatial beam multiplexing, interference coordination, S-Aloha based multiple access and demand assigned traffic channels, mobile broadband transmission using mm-waves, and multi-hop communication.^[3]

In 1991, he proposed CELLPAC^[4] for packet switching in GSM which triggered development of ETSI standard GPRS. GPRS air-interface protocols follow a 1993 version^[5] of CELLPAC. In 1999, he proposed fixed two-hop decode-and-forward relays^[6] for cellular radio, now mandatory in standards 3GPP LTE Rel.10 and IEEE 802.16.1 (mobile broadband WiMAX). The relay concept triggered evolution of cellular radio architecture towards 3GPP LTE Small Cell networks, e.g. femto and pico cells operating like relays on radio resources provided by a donor base station.

The Communications Networks (ComNets) research team in large parts designed the ETSI/BRAN HiperLAN2 medium access control protocol^[7] adopted by standard IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) and used as a baseline in 3GPP LTE-Advanced. Radio spectrum requirements for packet-switching mobile radio systems were calculated by World Radio Conference 2007 using a queuing model^[8] developed by Walke and his team.^[9] Work by Walke and his team on wireless quality of service supporting multi-hop^[10] radio networks^[11]^[12] materialized in standard IEEE 802.11s.

Walke earned his Dipl. Ing. (M.Sc.) degree in Electrical Engineering and Data Processing (1965) from University of Stuttgart, Germany. He worked two years as a trainee with Telefunken and joined Telefunken Research (1967) where he received his doctorate (1975) from University of Stuttgart. As a department head in 1983 at AEG Telefunken (later taken-over in part by Airbus), he moved to FernUniversität Hagen, Germany, as a professor for data processing techniques. During 1990–2007, he was professor and director of the School of Communications Networks (ComNets) at RWTH Aachen's Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology until 2017 where he was head of the ComNets Research Group.^[13]

P3 Solutions and P3 communications

In 2001, Walke, together with his ComNets colleagues Marc Peter Althoff and Peter Seidenberg and the Aachen-based P3 - Ingenieurgesellschaft für Management und Organisation mbH as investor and manager represented through Michael Tobias, was one of the founders of the P3 Solutions GmbH to offer consulting services to mobile network providers and vendors and the public sector,^[14] although he didn't play an active role in the day-to-day business of the company. On 31 July 2009, the company absorbed its sister P3 networks GmbH to become P3 communications GmbH. In the 2010s, Walke sold his shares in the company. On 10 January 2019, when the holding company P3 group GmbH (the successor of the P3 Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH) split into the Aachen-headquartered P3 group AG [de] (which was renamed into umlaut AG [de] on 25 October 2019 and firms as umlaut SE since 22 October 2020) and the newly founded P3 global GmbH based in Stuttgart (which was renamed (back) into P3 group GmbH [de] on 20 January 2020),^[15] the core of the company stayed with umlaut and was renamed into umlaut communications GmbH. On 14 June 2021, it was announced that umlaut SE would become part of Accenture's Industry X endeavour.^[16]

Awards

IEEE Fellow 2016 "for contributions to packet switching and relaying in cellular mobile systems"^[17]^[18]
ITG Award 1975 (Best annual paper award of Information Technology Society in VDE (Society of Electrical Engineers) in Germany)^[19]

References

^ Walke, Bernhard H. (October 2013). "The Roots of GPRS: The first System for Mobile Packet based Global Internet Access" (PDF). IEEE Wireless Communications. 20 (5). Aachen, Germany: ComNets Research Group: 12–23. doi:10.1109/MWC.2013.6664469. S2CID 779035. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-28. (19 pages)
^ Walke, Bernhard H.; Briechle, Roland (5–7 November 1985). A Local Cellular Radio Network for Digital Voice and Data transmission at 60 GHz (PDF). Proceedings Cellular & Mobile Communications International. London, UK. pp. 215–225. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-02.
^ Pabst, Ralf; Walke, Bernhard H.; Schultz, Daniel C.; Herhold, Patrick; Yanikomeroglu, Halim; Mukherjee, Sayandev; Viswanathan, Harish; Lott, Matthias; Zirwas, Wolfgang; Dohler, Mischa; Aghvami, Hamid (2004). "Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband radio". IEEE Communications Magazine. 42 (9): 80–89. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2004.1336724. ISSN 1558-1896. S2CID 4775340.
^ Walke, Bernhard H.; Mende, Wolf; Hatziliadis, Georgios (19–22 May 1991). CELLPAC: A Packet Radio Protocol Applied to the Cellular GSM Mobile Radio Network (PDF). Proceedings of 41st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: IEEE. pp. 408–413. doi:10.1109/VETEC.1991.140520. ISBN 0-87942-582-2. ISSN 1090-3038. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-17. Retrieved 2021-11-27. (6 pages)
^ Decker, Peter; Walke, Bernhard H. (October 1993). "A General Packet Radio Service Proposed for GSM: ComNets Research Group". ETSI Workshop "GSM in a Future Competitive Environment". Helsinki, Finland: Chair of Communication Networks (ComNets), Faculty 6, RWTH Aachen. p. 11. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2017-08-14.
^ Walke, Bernhard H.; Esseling, Norbert. Method for the operation of wireless base stations for packet transfer radio systems having a guaranteed service quality. Patent US7095722B1.
^ Walke, Bernhard H.; Petras, Dietmar; Plassmann, Dieter (August 1996). "Wireless ATM: Air Interface and Network Protocols of the mobile Broadband System". IEEE Personal Communications. Vol. 3, no. 4. pp. 50–56. doi:10.1109/98.536479. eISSN 1558-0652. ISSN 1070-9916. S2CID 27681075.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Takagi, Hideaki; Walke, Bernhard H. (2008). Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless Communications: Model and Methodology for IMT - Advanced. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-98647-9.
^ Irnich, Tim; Walke, Bernhard H. (September 2005). Spectrum Estimation Methodology for Next Generation Wireless Systems (PDF). Proceedings IEEE Personal Indoors and Mobile Communications Conference. Berlin, Germany. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-15. Retrieved 2022-07-15. (6 pages)
^ multi-hop
^ Zhao, Rui; Walke, Bernhard H.; Hiertz, Guido R. (2005–2017). "An efficient IEEE 802.11 ESS mesh network supporting quality of service". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 24 (11).
^ Hiertz, Guido R.; Denteneer, Dee; Max, Sebastian; Taori, Rakesh; Cardona, Javier; Berlemann, Lars; Walke, Bernhard H. (February 2010). "IEEE 802.11s: The WLAN Mesh Standard". IEEE Wireless Communications: 104–111.
^ "untitled". (NB. See end of page.)
^ Walke, Bernhard H.; Seidenberg, Peter; Althoff, Marc Peter (March 2003) [2001]. UMTS: The Fundamentals. Translated by von Schmoeger, Hedwig Jourdan (First English ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. ix–x [x]. ISBN 0-470-84557-0. (NB. Based on the 2001 German edition.)
^ "German consultancy P3 Group splits into umlaut & P3". electrive.com. 2019-11-01. Archived from the original on 2022-07-15. Retrieved 2020-02-24.
^ "Accenture to Acquire umlaut". Accenture. 2021-06-14. Archived from the original on 2022-07-15. Retrieved 2021-06-15.
^ "Introducing the 2016 Class of Fellows". the institute. 2016-03-14. Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
^ "untitled". Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). (NB. Search in database for year 2016, and for letter "W".)
^ "Preis der ITG - VDE|ITG".

[Walke_1-1] Walke, Bernhard H. (October 2013). "The Roots of GPRS: The first System for Mobile Packet based Global Internet Access" (PDF). IEEE Wireless Communications. 20 (5). Aachen, Germany: ComNets Research Group: 12–23. doi:10.1109/MWC.2013.6664469. S2CID 779035. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-28. (19 pages)

[Walke-Briechle-2] Walke, Bernhard H.; Briechle, Roland (5–7 November 1985). A Local Cellular Radio Network for Digital Voice and Data transmission at 60 GHz (PDF). Proceedings Cellular & Mobile Communications International. London, UK. pp. 215–225. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-02.

[Pabst-Walke-3] Pabst, Ralf; Walke, Bernhard H.; Schultz, Daniel C.; Herhold, Patrick; Yanikomeroglu, Halim; Mukherjee, Sayandev; Viswanathan, Harish; Lott, Matthias; Zirwas, Wolfgang; Dohler, Mischa; Aghvami, Hamid (2004). "Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband radio". IEEE Communications Magazine. 42 (9): 80–89. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2004.1336724. ISSN 1558-1896. S2CID 4775340.

[Walke-Mende-Hatziliadis_1991-4] Walke, Bernhard H.; Mende, Wolf; Hatziliadis, Georgios (19–22 May 1991). CELLPAC: A Packet Radio Protocol Applied to the Cellular GSM Mobile Radio Network (PDF). Proceedings of 41st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: IEEE. pp. 408–413. doi:10.1109/VETEC.1991.140520. ISBN 0-87942-582-2. ISSN 1090-3038. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-17. Retrieved 2021-11-27. (6 pages)

[RWTH_1-5] Decker, Peter; Walke, Bernhard H. (October 1993). "A General Packet Radio Service Proposed for GSM: ComNets Research Group". ETSI Workshop "GSM in a Future Competitive Environment". Helsinki, Finland: Chair of Communication Networks (ComNets), Faculty 6, RWTH Aachen. p. 11. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2017-08-14.

[Walke-Esseling-6] Walke, Bernhard H.; Esseling, Norbert. Method for the operation of wireless base stations for packet transfer radio systems having a guaranteed service quality. Patent US7095722B1.

[Walke-Petras-Plassmann-7] Walke, Bernhard H.; Petras, Dietmar; Plassmann, Dieter (August 1996). "Wireless ATM: Air Interface and Network Protocols of the mobile Broadband System". IEEE Personal Communications. Vol. 3, no. 4. pp. 50–56. doi:10.1109/98.536479. eISSN 1558-0652. ISSN 1070-9916. S2CID 27681075.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[Takagi-Walke-8] Takagi, Hideaki; Walke, Bernhard H. (2008). Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless Communications: Model and Methodology for IMT - Advanced. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-98647-9.

[Irnich-Walke-9] Irnich, Tim; Walke, Bernhard H. (September 2005). Spectrum Estimation Methodology for Next Generation Wireless Systems (PDF). Proceedings IEEE Personal Indoors and Mobile Communications Conference. Berlin, Germany. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-15. Retrieved 2022-07-15. (6 pages)

[Springer-10] ulti-hop

[Zhao-Walke-Hiertz-11] Zhao, Rui; Walke, Bernhard H.; Hiertz, Guido R. (2005–2017). "An efficient IEEE 802.11 ESS mesh network supporting quality of service". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 24 (11).

[Hierzt-Denteneer-Max-Taori-Candona-Berlemann-Walke-12] Hiertz, Guido R.; Denteneer, Dee; Max, Sebastian; Taori, Rakesh; Cardona, Javier; Berlemann, Lars; Walke, Bernhard H. (February 2010). "IEEE 802.11s: The WLAN Mesh Standard". IEEE Wireless Communications: 104–111.

[RWTH_2-13] "untitled". (NB. See end of page.)

[UMTS_2003-14] Walke, Bernhard H.; Seidenberg, Peter; Althoff, Marc Peter (March 2003) [2001]. UMTS: The Fundamentals. Translated by von Schmoeger, Hedwig Jourdan (First English ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. ix–x [x]. ISBN 0-470-84557-0. (NB. Based on the 2001 German edition.)

[Electrive_2019-15] "German consultancy P3 Group splits into umlaut & P3". electrive.com. 2019-11-01. Archived from the original on 2022-07-15. Retrieved 2020-02-24.

[Accenture_2021-16] "Accenture to Acquire umlaut". Accenture. 2021-06-14. Archived from the original on 2022-07-15. Retrieved 2021-06-15.

[IEEE_1-17] "Introducing the 2016 Class of Fellows". the institute. 2016-03-14. Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-29.

[IEEE_2-18] "untitled". Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). (NB. Search in database for year 2016, and for letter "W".)

[VDE-ITG-19] "Preis der ITG - VDE|ITG".

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Expand German|Bernhard Walke|date=February 2019}}
+{{Expand German|topic=bio|Bernhard Walke|date=February 2019}}
 {{distinguish|Bernard Walke}}
 {{use dmy dates|date=November 2021|cs1-dates=y}}
+{{use list-defined references|date=December 2021}}
 {{Infobox person
 | name               = Bernhard H. Walke
-| image              = Bernhard_Walke_Portrait.jpg
+| image              = Porträt Walke.jpg
 | caption            = Bernhard Walke at RWTH Aachen
 | birth_name         =
@@ Line 22: / Line 23: @@
 The [[ComNets|Communications Networks (ComNets)]] research team in large parts designed the
-[[HiperLAN|ETSI/BRAN HiperLAN2]] [[Medium Access Control|medium access control]] protocol<ref name="Walke-Petras-Plassmann" /> adopted by standard [[IEEE]] 802.16 ([[WiMax]]) and used as a baseline in [[3GPP]] [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE-Advanced]]. [[Radio spectrum]] requirements for [[Packet switching|packet-switching]] mobile radio systems were calculated by [[World Radiocommunication Conference|World Radio Conference 2007]] using a [[Queueing theory|queuing model]]<ref name="Takagi-Walke" /> developed by Walke and his team.<ref name="Irnich-Walke" /> Work by Walke and his team on wireless [[quality of service]] supporting multi-hop<ref name="Springer" /> radio networks<ref name="Zhao-Walke-Hiertz" /><ref name="Hierzt-Denteneer-Max-Taori-Candona-Berlemann-Walke" /> materialized in standard IEEE [[802.11s]].
+[[HiperLAN|ETSI/BRAN HiperLAN2]] [[medium access control]] protocol<ref name="Walke-Petras-Plassmann" /> adopted by standard [[IEEE]] 802.16 ([[WiMax]]) and used as a baseline in [[3GPP]] [[LTE (telecommunication)|LTE-Advanced]]. [[Radio spectrum]] requirements for [[Packet switching|packet-switching]] mobile radio systems were calculated by [[World Radiocommunication Conference|World Radio Conference 2007]] using a [[Queueing theory|queuing model]]<ref name="Takagi-Walke" /> developed by Walke and his team.<ref name="Irnich-Walke" /> Work by Walke and his team on wireless [[quality of service]] supporting multi-hop<ref name="Springer" /> radio networks<ref name="Zhao-Walke-Hiertz" /><ref name="Hierzt-Denteneer-Max-Taori-Candona-Berlemann-Walke" /> materialized in standard IEEE [[802.11s]].
 Walke earned his Dipl. Ing. (M.Sc.) degree in Electrical Engineering and Data Processing (1965) from [[University of Stuttgart]], Germany. He worked two years as a trainee with [[Telefunken]] and joined Telefunken Research (1967) where he received his doctorate (1975) from University of Stuttgart. As a department head in 1983 at [[AEG Telefunken]] (later taken-over in part by [[Airbus]]), he moved to [[FernUniversität Hagen]], Germany, as a professor for data processing techniques. During 1990–2007, he was professor and director of the School of Communications Networks ([[ComNets]]) at RWTH Aachen's [[RWTH Aachen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology|Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology]] until 2017 where he was head of the ComNets Research Group.<ref name="RWTH_2" />
 == P3 S<!-- uppercase! -->olutions and P3 c<!-- lowercase! -->ommunications ==
-In 2001<!-- some sources state 2000 -->, Walke, together with his ComNets colleagues Marc Peter Althoff and Peter Seidenberg and the Aachen-based {{ill|P3 - Ingenieurgesellschaft für Management und Organisation mbH|de}}<!-- HRB 6761: 1996-12-23 - 2007-07-13 --> as investor and manager represented through Michael Tobias, was one of the founders of the [[P3 S<!-- uppercase! -->olutions GmbH]]<!-- HRB 8457, unrelated to the newer "P3 solutions GmbH" HRB 21254, which was founded in 2017 --> to offer consulting services to mobile network providers and vendors and the public sector,<ref name="UMTS_2003"/> although he didn't play an active role in the day-to-day business of the company. On 31 July 2009, the company absorbed its sister [[P3 n<!-- lowercase! -->etworks GmbH]]<!-- HRB 14107, founded on 2007-03-16 --> to become [[P3 c<!-- lowercase! -->ommunications GmbH]]. In the 2010s, Walke sold his shares in the company. On 10 January 2019, when the holding company [[P3 g<!-- lowercase! -->roup GmbH]]<!-- HRB 6761: 2015-09-23 - 2019 --> (the successor of the {{ill|P3 Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH|de}}<!-- HRB 6761: 2007-07-13 - 2015-09-23 -->) split into the Aachen-headquartered {{ill|P3 g<!-- lowercase! -->roup AG|de}} (which was renamed into {{ill|u<!-- lowercase! -->mlaut AG|de}}<!-- HRB 23119 --> on 25 October 2019 and firms as [[u<!-- lowercase! -->mlaut SE]]<!-- HRB 24165 --> since 22 October 2020) and the newly founded {{ill|P3 g<!-- lowercase! -->lobal GmbH|de|P3 Global}}<!-- HRB 765912 --> based in Stuttgart (which was renamed (back) into {{ill|P3 g<!-- lowercase! -->roup GmbH|de|P3 Group}}<!-- HRB 765912 --> on
+In 2001<!-- some sources state 2000 -->, Walke, together with his ComNets colleagues Marc Peter Althoff and Peter Seidenberg and the Aachen-based [[P3 - Ingenieurgesellschaft für Management und Organisation mbH]]<!-- HRB 6761: 1996-12-23 - 2007-07-13 --> as investor and manager represented through <!-- Albert Carl -->Michael Tobias, was one of the founders of the [[P3 S<!-- uppercase! -->olutions GmbH]]<!-- HRB 8457, unrelated to the newer "P3 solutions GmbH" HRB 21254, which was founded in 2017 --> to offer consulting services to mobile network providers and vendors and the public sector,<ref name="UMTS_2003"/> although he didn't play an active role in the day-to-day business of the company. On 31 July 2009, the company absorbed its sister [[P3 n<!-- lowercase! -->etworks GmbH]]<!-- HRB 14107, founded on 2007-03-16 --> to become [[P3 c<!-- lowercase! -->ommunications GmbH]]. In the 2010s, Walke sold his shares in the company. On 10 January 2019, when the holding company [[P3 g<!-- lowercase! -->roup GmbH]]<!-- HRB 6761: 2015-09-23 - 2019 --> (the successor of the [[P3 Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH]]<!-- HRB 6761: 2007-07-13 - 2015-09-23 -->) split into the Aachen-headquartered {{ill|P3 g<!-- lowercase! -->roup AG|de}} (which was renamed into {{ill|u<!-- lowercase! -->mlaut AG|de}}<!-- HRB 23119 --> on 25 October 2019 and firms as [[u<!-- lowercase! -->mlaut SE]]<!-- HRB 24165 --> since 22 October 2020) and the newly founded [[P3 g<!-- lowercase! -->lobal GmbH]]<!-- HRB 765912 --> based in Stuttgart (which was renamed (back) into {{ill|P3 g<!-- lowercase! -->roup GmbH|de|P3 Group}}<!-- HRB 765912 --> on
 January 2020),<ref name="Electrive_2019"/> the core of the company stayed with umlaut and was renamed into [[u<!-- lowercase! -->mlaut c<!-- lowercase! -->ommunications GmbH]]<!-- HRB 8457 -->. On 14 June 2021, it was announced that umlaut SE would become part of [[Accenture]]'s [[Industry X]] endeavour.<ref name="Accenture_2021"/>
@@ Line 36: / Line 37: @@
 ==References==
 {{reflist|refs=
-<ref name="Walke_1">{{cite journal |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |title=The roots of GPRS: the first system for mobile packet-based global internet access |journal=[[IEEE Wireless Communications]] |volume=20 |issue=5 |date=October 2013 |pages=12–23 |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/download0.html?tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Bpublication%5D=1325&tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=Publications&cHash=35b4867cdadc7c2223c7814915519160 |url-status=dead |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref>
+<ref name="Walke_1">{{cite journal |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |title=The Roots of GPRS: The first System for Mobile Packet based Global Internet Access |journal=[[IEEE Wireless Communications]] |volume=20 |issue=5 |date=October 2013 |publisher=[[ComNets Research Group]] |location=Aachen, Germany |pages=12–23 |doi=10.1109/MWC.2013.6664469 |s2cid=779035 |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/Roots_of_GPRS_final.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328131435/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/Roots_of_GPRS_final.pdf |archive-date=2022-03-28}} (19 pages)</ref>
-<ref name="Walke-Briechle">{{cite conference |title=A Local Cellular Radio Network for Digital Voice and Data transmission at 60 GHz |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |author-first2=Roland |author-last2=Briechle |conference=Proceedings Cellular & Mobile Communications International |location=London, UK |date=5–7 November 1985 |pages=215–225 |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/complete-lists/abstracts/1985/wabr-85.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402183209/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/complete-lists/abstracts/1985/wabr-85.html |archive-date=2015-04-02}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150414032422/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/complete-lists/abstracts/1985/wabr-85/p/pdf/516/download.pdf]</ref>
+<ref name="Walke-Briechle">{{cite conference |title=A Local Cellular Radio Network for Digital Voice and Data transmission at 60 GHz |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |author-first2=Roland |author-last2=Briechle |conference=Proceedings Cellular & Mobile Communications International |location=London, UK |date=5–7 November 1985 |pages=215–225 |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/complete-lists/abstracts/1985/wabr-85/p/pdf/516/download.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402183209/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/complete-lists/abstracts/1985/wabr-85/p/pdf/516/download.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-02}}</ref>
 <ref name="Pabst-Walke">{{cite journal |author-last1=Pabst |author-first1=Ralf |author-last2=Walke |author-first2=Bernhard H. |author-last3=Schultz |author-first3=Daniel C. |author-last4=Herhold |author-first4=Patrick |author-last5=Yanikomeroglu |author-first5=Halim |author-last6=Mukherjee |author-first6=Sayandev |author-last7=Viswanathan |author-first7=Harish |author-last8=Lott |author-first8=Matthias |author-last9=Zirwas |author-first9=Wolfgang |author-last10=Dohler |author-first10=Mischa |author-last11=Aghvami |author-first11=Hamid |title=Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband radio |journal=[[IEEE Communications Magazine]] |date=2004 |volume=42 |issue=9 |doi=10.1109/MCOM.2004.1336724 |s2cid=4775340 |issn=1558-1896 |pages=80–89 |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1336724 }}</ref>
-<ref name="Walke-Mende-Hatziliadis_1991">{{cite conference |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |author-first2=Wolf |author-last2=Mende |author-first3=Georgios |author-last3=Hatziliadis |title=CELLPAC: A packet radio protocol applied to the cellular GSM mobile radio network |conference=Proceedings of 41st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference |date=19–22 May 1991 |pages=408-413 |isbn=0-87942-582-2 |issn=1090-3038 |doi=10.1109/VETEC.1991.140520 |publisher=[[IEEE]] |publication-place=St. Louis, Missouri, USA |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/1991WaMeHacellpac.pdf |url-status=dead}}{{Dead link |date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
+<ref name="Walke-Mende-Hatziliadis_1991">{{cite conference |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |author-first2=Wolf |author-last2=Mende |author-first3=Georgios |author-last3=Hatziliadis |title=CELLPAC: A Packet Radio Protocol Applied to the Cellular GSM Mobile Radio Network |conference=Proceedings of 41st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference |date=19–22 May 1991 |pages=408–413 |isbn=0-87942-582-2 |issn=1090-3038 |doi=10.1109/VETEC.1991.140520 |publisher=[[IEEE]] |publication-place=St. Louis, Missouri, USA |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/1991WaMeHacellpac.pdf |access-date=2021-11-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117195241/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/1991WaMeHacellpac.pdf |archive-date=2021-11-17}} (6 pages)</ref>
-<ref name="RWTH_1">{{cite web |title=A General Packet Radio Service Proposed for GSM: ComNets Research Group |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/complete-lists/abstracts/1993/dewaetsihelinki93.html |access-date=2017-08-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318090636/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/complete-lists/abstracts/1993/dewaetsihelinki93.html |archive-date=2012-03-18}}</ref>
+<ref name="RWTH_1">{{cite web |title=A General Packet Radio Service Proposed for GSM: ComNets Research Group |author-last1=Decker |author-first1=Peter |author-last2=Walke |author-first2=Bernhard H. |author-link2=Bernhard Walke |publisher=Chair of Communication Networks (ComNets), Faculty 6, RWTH Aachen |work=ETSI Workshop "GSM in a Future Competitive Environment" |page=11 |location=Helsinki, Finland |date=October 1993 |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/complete-lists/abstracts/1993/dewaetsihelinki93.html |access-date=2017-08-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318090636/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/complete-lists/abstracts/1993/dewaetsihelinki93.html |archive-date=2012-03-18}}</ref>
 <ref name="Walke-Esseling">{{cite book |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |author-first2=Norbert |author-last2=Esseling |title=Method for the operation of wireless base stations for packet transfer radio systems having a guaranteed service quality |id=Patent US7095722B1}}</ref>
-<ref name="Walke-Petras-Plassmann">{{cite magazine |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |author-first2=Dietmar |author-last2=Petras |author-first3=Dieter |author-last3=Plassmann |title=Wireless ATM: Air Interface and Network Protocols of the mobile Broadband System |magazine=IEEE Personal Communications Magazine |volume=3 |date=August 1996 |pages=50–56 |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/download0.html?tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Bpublication%5D=358&tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=Publications&cHash=8dd8612c895601d5a1cdf335bbc68190}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
+<ref name="Walke-Petras-Plassmann">{{cite magazine |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |author-first2=Dietmar |author-last2=Petras |author-first3=Dieter |author-last3=Plassmann |title=Wireless ATM: Air Interface and Network Protocols of the mobile Broadband System |magazine=IEEE Personal Communications |volume=3 |issue=4 |date=August 1996 |pages=50–56 |issn=1070-9916 |eissn=1558-0652 |doi=10.1109/98.536479 |s2cid=27681075 |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/download0.html?tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Bpublication%5D=358&tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=Publications&cHash=8dd8612c895601d5a1cdf335bbc68190}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
 <ref name="Takagi-Walke">{{cite book |author-first1=Hideaki |author-last1=Takagi |author-first2=Bernhard H. |author-last2=Walke |author-link2=Bernhard Walke |title=Spectrum Requirement Planning in Wireless Communications: Model and Methodology for IMT - Advanced |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |date=2008 |isbn=978-0-470-98647-9}}</ref>
-<ref name="Irnich-Walke">{{cite conference |author-first1=Tim |author-last1=Irnich |author-first2=Bernhard H. |author-last2=Walke |author-link2=Bernhard Walke |title=Spectrum Estimation Methodology for Next Generation Wireless Systems |conference=Proceedings IEEE Personal Indoors and Mobile Communications Conference |location=Berlin, Germany |date=September 2005 |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/publications/download0.html?tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Bpublication%5D=809&tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_cnpublications_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=Publications&cHash=624096eb6f393ab0e757157320ee91bf}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}} </ref>
+<ref name="Irnich-Walke">{{cite conference |author-first1=Tim |author-last1=Irnich |author-first2=Bernhard H. |author-last2=Walke |author-link2=Bernhard Walke |title=Spectrum Estimation Methodology for Next Generation Wireless Systems |conference=Proceedings IEEE Personal Indoors and Mobile Communications Conference |location=Berlin, Germany |date=September 2005 |url=http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/WWRF11-SIG1-Spectrum-Estimation-Irnich-Walke.pdf |access-date=2022-07-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715193027/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/WWRF11-SIG1-Spectrum-Estimation-Irnich-Walke.pdf |archive-date=2022-07-15}} (6 pages)</ref>
 <ref name="Zhao-Walke-Hiertz">{{cite journal |author-first1=Rui |author-last1=Zhao |author-first2=Bernhard H. |author-last2=Walke |author-link2=Bernhard Walke |author-first3=Guido R. |author-last3=Hiertz |title=An efficient IEEE 802.11 ESS mesh network supporting quality of service |journal=[[IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications]] |volume=24 |issue=11 |date=2005–2017}}</ref>
 <ref name="Hierzt-Denteneer-Max-Taori-Candona-Berlemann-Walke">{{cite journal |author-first1=Guido R. |author-last1=Hiertz |author-first2=Dee |author-last2=Denteneer |author-first3=Sebastian |author-last3=Max |author-first4=Rakesh |author-last4=Taori |author-first5=Javier |author-last5=Cardona |author-first6=Lars |author-last6=Berlemann |author-first7=Bernhard H. |author-last7=Walke |author-link7=Bernhard Walke |title=IEEE 802.11s: The WLAN Mesh Standard |journal=[[IEEE Wireless Communications]] |date=February 2010 |pages=104–111}}</ref>
 <ref name="RWTH_2">{{cite web |title=untitled |url=http://www.elektrotechnik.rwth-aachen.de/cms/Elektrotechnik-und-Informationstechnik/Forschung/Institute/~qsj/Professoren/}} (NB. See end of page.)</ref>
-<ref name="IEEE_1">{{cite web |title=Introducing the 2016 Class of Fellows |publisher=the institute |date=2016-03-14 |url=http://theinstitute.ieee.org/members/achievements/introducing-the-2016-class-of-fellows |access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref>
+<ref name="IEEE_1">{{cite web |title=Introducing the 2016 Class of Fellows |publisher=the institute |date=2016-03-14 |url=http://theinstitute.ieee.org/members/achievements/introducing-the-2016-class-of-fellows |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195728/http://theinstitute.ieee.org/members/achievements/introducing-the-2016-class-of-fellows |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 January 2018 |access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref>
-<ref name="IEEE_2">{{cite web |url=https://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/fellowsDirectory.html# |title=untitled}} (NB. Search in database for year 2016, and for letter "W".)</ref>
+<ref name="IEEE_2">{{cite web |url=https://www.ieee.org/membership/fellows/fellows-directory.html |title=untitled|website=[[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) }} (NB. Search in database for year 2016, and for letter "W".)</ref>
 <ref name="VDE-ITG">{{cite web |url=https://www.vde.com/de/itg/preise-ehrungen/literaturpreis |title=Preis der ITG - VDE&#124;ITG}}</ref>
-<ref name="UMTS_2003">{{cite book |title=UMTS: The Fundamentals |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |author-first2=Peter |author-last2=Seidenberg |author-first3=Marc Peter |author-last3=Althoff |translator-first=Hedwig Jourdan |translator-last=von Schmoeger |date=March 2003 |orig-date=2001 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons, Ltd]] |edition=First English |isbn=0-470-84557-0 |pages=ix–x [x] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KRlUvPWeTYQC&pg=PR10&lpg=PR10}} (NB. Based on the 2001 German edition.)</ref>
+<ref name="UMTS_2003">{{cite book |title=UMTS: The Fundamentals |author-first1=Bernhard H. |author-last1=Walke |author-link1=Bernhard Walke |author-first2=Peter |author-last2=Seidenberg |author-first3=Marc Peter |author-last3=Althoff |translator-first=Hedwig Jourdan |translator-last=von Schmoeger |date=March 2003 |orig-date=2001 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons, Ltd]] |edition=First English |isbn=0-470-84557-0 |pages=ix–x [x] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KRlUvPWeTYQC&pg=PR10}} (NB. Based on the 2001 German edition.)</ref>
 <ref name="Springer">[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-387-85573-8_5#page-1 multi-hop]</ref>
-<ref name="Electrive_2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.electrive.com/2019/11/01/german-consultancy-p3-group-splits-to-form-umlaut-and-p3/ |title=German consultancy P3 Group splits into umlaut & P3 |date=2019-11-01 |publisher=electrive.com |access-date=2020-02-24}}</ref>
+<ref name="Electrive_2019">{{cite web |title=German consultancy P3 Group splits into umlaut & P3 |date=2019-11-01 |publisher=electrive.com |url=https://www.electrive.com/2019/11/01/german-consultancy-p3-group-splits-to-form-umlaut-and-p3/ |access-date=2020-02-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715194315/https://www.electrive.com/2019/11/01/german-consultancy-p3-group-splits-to-form-umlaut-and-p3/ |archive-date=2022-07-15}}</ref>
-<ref name="Accenture_2021">{{cite web |url=https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/accenture-to-acquire-umlaut.htm |title=Accenture is acquiring engineering consulting and services firm umlaut to expand its Industry X services |access-date=2021-06-15}}</ref>
+<ref name="Accenture_2021">{{cite web |title=Accenture to Acquire umlaut |publisher=[[Accenture]] |date=2021-06-14 |url=https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/accenture-to-acquire-umlaut.htm |access-date=2021-06-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715194536/https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/accenture-to-acquire-umlaut.htm |archive-date=2022-07-15}}</ref>
 }}
@@ Line 62: / Line 63: @@
 [[Category:Living people]]
 [[Category:German electrical engineers]]
-[[Category:RWTH Aachen University]]
+[[Category:Academic staff of RWTH Aachen University]]

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