Caladenia barbarossa: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of orchid}} |
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{{Use Australian English|date=July 2024}} |
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{{Italic title}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
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{{taxobox |
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| name = Common dragon orchid |
| name = Common dragon orchid |
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| image = Caladenia barbarossa. |
| image = Caladenia barbarossa 02.jpg |
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| image_caption = ''Caladenia barbarossa'' growing near [[Williams, Western Australia|Williams]] |
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| regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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| unranked_classis = [[Monocots]] |
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| authority = [[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Rchb.f.]]<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Caladenia barbarossa'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/90657 |website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=18 March 2024}}</ref> |
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]] |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" /> |
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| familia = [[Orchidaceae]] |
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| subfamilia = [[Orchidoideae]] |
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* ''Caladenia barbarossae'' <small>[[F.Muell.]] [[orth. var.]]</small> |
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* ''Drakonorchis barbarossa'' <small>N.Hoffman & [[Andrew Phillip Brown|A.P.Br.]] [[nom. inval.]]</small> |
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* ''Drakonorchis barbarossa'' <small>N.Hoffman & A.P.Br. nom. inval.</small> |
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| binomial = ''Caladenia barbarossa'' |
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* ''Drakonorchis barbarossa'' <small>([[Rchb.f.]]) [[D.L.Jones]] & [[M.A.Clem.]]</small> |
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| binomial_authority = [[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Rchb.f.]] (1871) |
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'''''Caladenia barbarossa''''', commonly known as the '''common dragon orchid''' is a species of [[orchid]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the south–west of [[Western Australia]]. |
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'''''Caladenia barbarossa''''', commonly known as the '''common dragon orchid''',<ref name="APBR">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Andrew|last2=Dixon|first2=Kingsley|last3=French|first3=Christopher|last4=Brockman|first4=Garry|title=Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia|date=2013|publisher=Simon Nevill Publications|isbn=9780980348149|page=140}}</ref> is a species of [[orchid]] [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Southwest Australia|south-west]] of Western Australia. It can be distinguished by its distinctive [[Labellum (botany)|labellum]] which is attractive to species of male thynnid wasps.[[File:Caladenia barbarossa 01.jpg|thumb|225px|''Caladenia barbarossa'' side view]] |
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''Caladenia barbarossa'' is a common species of orchid in its range. It has a single leaf, 40–60 mm long and 5–10 mm wide. The flower stem is 100–300 mm and bears 1 or 2 flowers, each 25–40 mm x 20–30 mm, coloured cream to greenish yellow with red markings appearing from September to November.<ref name="Jones">{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|pages=98-99}}</ref> |
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''Caladenia barbarossa'' is a terrestrial, [[Perennial plant|perennial]], [[deciduous]], [[Herbaceous plant|herb]] with an underground tuber and a single hairy leaf, {{convert|40-60|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|5-10|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. In spring it produces one, rarely two flowers on the end of a stalk {{convert|100-300|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall, each flower {{convert|25-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|20-30|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The flowers are cream coloured to greenish-yellow with red markings. The [[wikt:dorsal|dorsal]] [[sepal]] is erect, {{convert|18-25|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, about {{convert|2|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The [[wikt:lateral|lateral]] sepals spread apart below the flower and are {{convert|18-25|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|2-5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The [[petal]]s also spread widely, are slightly shorter and narrower than the sepals and have their tips rolled inwards. The [[Labellum (botany)|labellum]] resembles the body of a wingless female thynnid wasp and is stiffly hinged to the column. The labellum has a dummy insect abdomen, {{convert|8-10|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|6-8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and curved with many maroon-coloured hairs and [[Labellum (botany)|calli]]. The false head is blackish, about {{convert|3|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide with two large, thick calli about {{convert|2|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long on either side of the "head".<ref name="APBR" /><ref name="Jones">{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=978-1877069123|page=98}}</ref><ref name="Hoffman">{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Noel|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew|title=Orchids of South-West Australia.|date=2011|publisher=Noel Hoffman|location=Gooseberry Hill|isbn=9780646562322|page=183|edition=3rd}}</ref> |
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The Common dragon orchid is widespread and common, growing in sandy or clayey loams in moist situations in a wide range of habitats but especially [[Casuarina]] thickets and woodland on slopes and flats or near granite outcrops, swamps or streams.<ref name="Jones" /> It occurs in the [[Avon Wheatbelt]], [[Esperance Plains]], [[Jarrah Forest]] and [[Mallee (biogeographical region)|Mallee]] [[Biogeography|biogeographical]] regions of Western Australia.<ref>{{FloraBase | name = ''Caladenia barbarossa'' Rchb.f.|last1=Spooner|first1=Amanda|date=10 December 1999| id = 1577}}</ref> |
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==Taxonomy and naming== |
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''Caladenia barbarossa'' was first described by [[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Reichenbach]] in 1871 in ''Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde'', from a specimen collected by [[James Drummond (botanist)|James Drummond]] in 1843 near the Swan River.<ref>{{cite web|title= |
''Caladenia barbarossa'' was first described by [[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Reichenbach]] in 1871 in ''Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde'', from a specimen collected by [[James Drummond (botanist)|James Drummond]] in 1843, near the Swan River.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Caladenia barbarossa''|url= http://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/512361|publisher=APNI|accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Rchb.f.">{{cite book|last1=Reichenbash|first1=Heinrich|title=Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde|date=1871|location=Hamburg|pages=64–65|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924000611487;view=1up;seq=72|accessdate=29 July 2016|publisher=Hamburg}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Caladenia barbarossa Rchb. f. [family ORCHIDACEAE] |journal=Global Plants |url=http://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.g00165258}}</ref> In a review of the genus ''Caladenia'' in 2004, David Jones and Mark Clements proposed a name change to ''Drakonorchis barbarossa''<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hopper|first1=Stephen D.|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew P.|title=Robert Brown's Caladenia revisited, including a revision of its sister genera Cyanicula, Ericksonella and Pheladenia (Caladeniinae: Orchidaceae)|journal=Australian Systematic Botany|date=29 April 2004|volume=17|issue=2|pages=171–240|doi=10.1071/sb03002}}</ref> but the change has not been widely adopted. |
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The specific epithet was originally ''Barbarossa'', indicating that the plant was named after [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Barbarossa]], named thus for his red beard also.<ref name="Rchb.f."/> |
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The common dragon orchid is widespread and common, between [[Bindoon, Western Australia|Bindoon]], [[Ravensthorpe, Western Australia|Ravensthorpe]] and [[Esperance, Western Australia|Esperance]] in the [[Avon Wheatbelt]], [[Esperance Plains]], [[Jarrah Forest]] and [[Mallee (biogeographic region)|Mallee]] [[IBRA|biogeographic regions]]. It grows in sandy or clayey loams in moist situations in a wide range of habitats but especially in ''[[Casuarina]]'' thickets.<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="Hoffman" /><ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Caladenia crebra''|id=1577}}</ref> |
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==Ecology== |
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Common dragon orchid is pollinated by male thynnid wasps when they try to copulate with the flower.<ref name="Hoffman" /> A male ''[[Thynnoides bidens]]'' has been photographed on the labellum of a flower of this species.<ref name="Cingel">{{cite book|last1=Cingel|first1=Nelis A. van der|title=An atlas of orchid pollination : America, Africa, Asia and Australia|date=2000|publisher=Balkema|location=Rotterdam|isbn=978-9054104865|pages=196–197}}</ref> |
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*{{Commons-inline|Caladenia barbarossa|''Caladenia barbarossa''}} |
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*{{Wikispecies-inline|Caladenia barbarossa|''Caladenia barbarossa''}} |
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==Conservation== |
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''Caladenia barbarossa'' is classified as "Not Threatened" by the Western Australian Government [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]].<ref name="FloraBase" /> |
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*[https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=Caladenia+barbarossa#tab_mapView ''Caladenia barbarossa'' Occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium] |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q15287500}} |
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[[Category:Caladenia|barbarossa]] |
[[Category:Caladenia|barbarossa]] |
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[[Category:Orchidoideae species]] |
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[[Category:Orchids of Western Australia]] |
[[Category:Orchids of Western Australia]] |
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[[Category:Endemic orchids of Australia]] |
[[Category:Endemic orchids of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Plants described in 1871]] |
[[Category:Plants described in 1871]] |
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[[Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:42, 31 July 2024
| Common dragon orchid | |
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| Caladenia barbarossa growing near Williams | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | Caladenia |
| Species: | C. barbarossa
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| Binomial name | |
| Caladenia barbarossa | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Caladenia barbarossa, commonly known as the common dragon orchid,[2] is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It can be distinguished by its distinctive labellum which is attractive to species of male thynnid wasps.
Description
[edit]Caladenia barbarossa is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single hairy leaf, 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) long and 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide. In spring it produces one, rarely two flowers on the end of a stalk 100–300 mm (4–10 in) tall, each flower 25–40 mm (1–2 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) wide. The flowers are cream coloured to greenish-yellow with red markings. The dorsal sepal is erect, 18–25 mm (0.7–1 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. The lateral sepals spread apart below the flower and are 18–25 mm (0.7–1 in) long, 2–5 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide. The petals also spread widely, are slightly shorter and narrower than the sepals and have their tips rolled inwards. The labellum resembles the body of a wingless female thynnid wasp and is stiffly hinged to the column. The labellum has a dummy insect abdomen, 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long, 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide and curved with many maroon-coloured hairs and calli. The false head is blackish, about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide with two large, thick calli about 2 mm (0.08 in) long on either side of the "head".[2][3][4]
Taxonomy and naming
[edit]Caladenia barbarossa was first described by Reichenbach in 1871 in Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde, from a specimen collected by James Drummond in 1843, near the Swan River.[5][6][7] In a review of the genus Caladenia in 2004, David Jones and Mark Clements proposed a name change to Drakonorchis barbarossa[8] but the change has not been widely adopted. The specific epithet was originally Barbarossa, indicating that the plant was named after Barbarossa, named thus for his red beard also.[6]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The common dragon orchid is widespread and common, between Bindoon, Ravensthorpe and Esperance in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in sandy or clayey loams in moist situations in a wide range of habitats but especially in Casuarina thickets.[3][4][9]
Ecology
[edit]Common dragon orchid is pollinated by male thynnid wasps when they try to copulate with the flower.[4] A male Thynnoides bidens has been photographed on the labellum of a flower of this species.[10]
Conservation
[edit]Caladenia barbarossa is classified as "Not Threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Caladenia barbarossa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ a b Brown, Andrew; Dixon, Kingsley; French, Christopher; Brockman, Garry (2013). Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia. Simon Nevill Publications. p. 140. ISBN 9780980348149.
- ^ a b Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 98. ISBN 978-1877069123.
- ^ a b c Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 183. ISBN 9780646562322.
- ^ "Caladenia barbarossa". APNI. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ a b Reichenbash, Heinrich (1871). Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde. Hamburg: Hamburg. pp. 64–65. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ "Caladenia barbarossa Rchb. f. [family ORCHIDACEAE]". Global Plants.
- ^ Hopper, Stephen D.; Brown, Andrew P. (29 April 2004). "Robert Brown's Caladenia revisited, including a revision of its sister genera Cyanicula, Ericksonella and Pheladenia (Caladeniinae: Orchidaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 17 (2): 171–240. doi:10.1071/sb03002.
- ^ a b "Caladenia crebra". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ Cingel, Nelis A. van der (2000). An atlas of orchid pollination : America, Africa, Asia and Australia. Rotterdam: Balkema. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-9054104865.