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{{short description|Relatively benign brain cancer involving ependymal cells}} |
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{{Infobox medical condition |
{{Infobox medical condition (new) |
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| name = Subependymoma |
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| field = Neoplasms, [[Neuro-oncology]] |
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| symptoms = <!--None, raised intracranial pressure--> |
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| ⚫ | A '''subependymoma''' is a type of [[brain tumor]]; specifically, it is a rare form of [[ependymal tumor]].<ref name="pmid19119934">{{cite journal | vauthors = Orakcioglu B, Schramm P, Kohlhof P, Aschoff A, Unterberg A, Halatsch ME | title = Characteristics of thoracolumbar intramedullary subependymomas | journal = Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 54–59 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19119934 | doi = 10.3171/2008.10.SPI08311 }}</ref> They are usually in middle aged people. Earlier, they were called subependymal [[astrocytomas]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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| ⚫ | A '''subependymoma''' is a type of [[brain tumor]]; specifically, it is a rare form of [[ependymal tumor]].<ref name="pmid19119934">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orakcioglu B, Schramm P, Kohlhof P, Aschoff A, Unterberg A, Halatsch ME |title=Characteristics of thoracolumbar intramedullary subependymomas |journal= |
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The [[prognosis]] for a subependymoma is better than for most ependymal tumors,<ref name="pmid10320142">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prayson RA, Suh JH |title=Subependymomas: clinicopathologic study of 14 tumors, including comparative MIB-1 immunohistochemical analysis with other ependymal neoplasms |journal= |
The [[prognosis]] for a subependymoma is better than for most ependymal tumors,<ref name="pmid10320142">{{cite journal | vauthors = Prayson RA, Suh JH | title = Subependymomas: clinicopathologic study of 14 tumors, including comparative MIB-1 immunohistochemical analysis with other ependymal neoplasms | journal = Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine | volume = 123 | issue = 4 | pages = 306–309 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10320142 | doi = 10.5858/1999-123-0306-S }}</ref> and it is considered a grade I tumor in the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) classification. |
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They are classically found within the [[fourth ventricle]], typically have a well demarcated interface to normal tissue and do not usually extend into the brain [[parenchyma]], like [[ependymoma]]s often do.<ref>{{ |
They are classically found within the [[fourth ventricle]], typically have a well demarcated interface to normal tissue and do not usually extend into the brain [[parenchyma]], like [[ependymoma]]s often do.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoeffel C, Boukobza M, Polivka M, Lot G, Guichard JP, Lafitte F, Reizine D, Merland JJ | display-authors = 6 | title = MR manifestations of subependymomas | journal = AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology | volume = 16 | issue = 10 | pages = 2121–2129 | year = 1995 | pmid = 8585504 | pmc = 8337222 | url = http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/reprint/16/10/2121 }}</ref> |
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== Symptoms and signs== |
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Patients are often asymptomatic, and are incidentally diagnosed. Larger tumours are often with increased [[intracranial pressure]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/subependymoma|title=Subependymoma {{!}} Radiology Reference Article {{!}} Radiopaedia.org|last=Gaillard|first=Frank|website=radiopaedia.org|language=en|access-date=2018-04-15}}</ref> |
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== Pathology == |
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These tumours are small, no more than two centimeters across, coming from the ependyma. The best way to distinguish it from a [[Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma|subependymal giant cell astrocytoma]] is the size.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Diagnosis== |
==Diagnosis== |
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The diagnosis is based on tissue, e.g. a [[brain biopsy|biopsy]]. [[histology|Histologically]] subependymomas consistent of microcystic spaces and bland appearing cells without appreciable [[nuclear atypia]] or [[mitoses]]. The nuclei tend to form clusters. |
The diagnosis is based on tissue, e.g. a [[brain biopsy|biopsy]]. [[histology|Histologically]] subependymomas consistent of microcystic spaces and bland appearing cells without appreciable [[nuclear atypia]] or [[mitoses]]. The nuclei tend to form clusters.{{cn|date=October 2021}} |
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On a CT, it often shows a less dense to equally dense mass. If it is big, it may have parts that are cystic or calcific.<ref name=":0" /> In 50-60% of cases, the tumor is in the fourth ventricle, while the second most common (30-40% of cases) location is the side ventricles. It is rare for it to be in the third ventricle or the central canal of the spinal cord.<ref name=":0" /> |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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== Treatment == |
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Asymptomatic cases may only need watchful waiting. If symptomatic, it can be surgically removed, and partial removal also carries an excellent prognosis.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Prognosis == |
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The outlook of a cure is extremely favorable.<ref name=":0" /> |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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{{Medical resources |
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| ICDO = 9383/1 |
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| Orphanet = 251639 |
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{{Central nervous system tumors}} |
{{Central nervous system tumors}} |
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Revision as of 18:33, 31 July 2024
| Subependymoma | |
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| Micrograph of a subependymoma showing the characteristic clustering of nuclei. H&E stain. | |
| Specialty | Neoplasms, Neuro-oncology |
A subependymoma is a type of brain tumor; specifically, it is a rare form of ependymal tumor.[1] They are usually in middle aged people. Earlier, they were called subependymal astrocytomas.[2]
The prognosis for a subependymoma is better than for most ependymal tumors,[3] and it is considered a grade I tumor in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
They are classically found within the fourth ventricle, typically have a well demarcated interface to normal tissue and do not usually extend into the brain parenchyma, like ependymomas often do.[4]
Symptoms and signs
Patients are often asymptomatic, and are incidentally diagnosed. Larger tumours are often with increased intracranial pressure.[2]
Pathology
These tumours are small, no more than two centimeters across, coming from the ependyma. The best way to distinguish it from a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma is the size.[2]
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is based on tissue, e.g. a biopsy. Histologically subependymomas consistent of microcystic spaces and bland appearing cells without appreciable nuclear atypia or mitoses. The nuclei tend to form clusters.[citation needed]
On a CT, it often shows a less dense to equally dense mass. If it is big, it may have parts that are cystic or calcific.[2] In 50-60% of cases, the tumor is in the fourth ventricle, while the second most common (30-40% of cases) location is the side ventricles. It is rare for it to be in the third ventricle or the central canal of the spinal cord.[2]
Treatment
Asymptomatic cases may only need watchful waiting. If symptomatic, it can be surgically removed, and partial removal also carries an excellent prognosis.[2]
Prognosis
The outlook of a cure is extremely favorable.[2]
References
- ^ Orakcioglu B, Schramm P, Kohlhof P, Aschoff A, Unterberg A, Halatsch ME (January 2009). "Characteristics of thoracolumbar intramedullary subependymomas". Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine. 10 (1): 54–59. doi:10.3171/2008.10.SPI08311. PMID 19119934.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gaillard, Frank. "Subependymoma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org". radiopaedia.org. Retrieved 2018-04-15.
- ^ Prayson RA, Suh JH (April 1999). "Subependymomas: clinicopathologic study of 14 tumors, including comparative MIB-1 immunohistochemical analysis with other ependymal neoplasms". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 123 (4): 306–309. doi:10.5858/1999-123-0306-S. PMID 10320142.
- ^ Hoeffel C, Boukobza M, Polivka M, Lot G, Guichard JP, Lafitte F, et al. (1995). "MR manifestations of subependymomas". AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 16 (10): 2121–2129. PMC 8337222. PMID 8585504.