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A gireogi appa (Korean: 기러기 아빠; lit. goose dad) is a South Korean term that refers to a man who works in Korea while his wife and children stay in an English-speaking country such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia or New Zealand for the sake of their children's education.^[1]

Many Korean people desire to speak English well. This desire is sometimes referred to as "English Fever".^[2] English proficiency is very important not only for students but also for office workers because they believe that English skills determine their social position and promotion in the company. However, it is not easy for Koreans to learn and speak English fluently due to the difference in sentence structure between Korean and English. To overcome this, some parents raise their young children in an anglophone country, as mothers stay with the children in the host country, while fathers live alone in Korea.^[2]

The term is inspired by the fact that geese are a species that migrate, just as gireogi appa fathers travel great distances to see their families.^[3] Estimates of the number of gireogi appa in South Korea range as high as 200,000 men.^[4] The word gireogi appa was included in the report '2002 New Word' by the National Institute of Korean Language.^[5]

Social problem

To provide a better educational environment for children, mothers usually decide to live in a foreign country with their children, and fathers are left alone in South Korea. It is difficult for these goose dads to communicate regularly with their families who live far away. Although the Internet and phones enable them to interact with their families indirectly, it is not easy to have good family communication. In addition, due to a sudden change in the form of the family, fathers who live alone suffer from extremely intense loneliness and desolation. This feeling of loneliness causes some fathers to have a sexual relationship with someone other than their wife, commit suicide, or put them at risk of dying alone.^[6]

Related terms

If the gireogi appa has the means to frequently visits his family, he is called an "eagle dad" (독수리 아빠), but if his finances constrict his ability to travel abroad, he is known as a "penguin dad" (펭귄 아빠)^[7] because he cannot fly and may for long periods of not seeing his family.^[8]

If the man cannot afford to send his children abroad, and rents a small studio for his family in Gangnam (a district of Seoul dense with hagwon) the father is a "sparrow dad" (참새 아빠). If the man sends his children to elementary school in Daechi, he hires lodgings and is called a "Daejeon-dong dad" (대전동 아빠).^[9]

More than 40,000 South Korean schoolchildren are believed to be living in the United States, Canada, England, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore expressly to increase English-speaking ability. As of 2009, over 100,000 Korean students were studying abroad.^[10] In at least some of the cases, a South Korean mother will choose to live abroad with her children for the secondary reason of avoiding her mother-in-law, with whom a historically stressful relationship may exist due to Korean Confucianism.^[11]

References

^ Lee, Kapson (Oct 26, 2004). "Korean 'Goose Families' Migrate for Education". New America Media. Archived from the original on 2009-07-05.
^ ^a ^b Park, Jin-Kyu (2009). "'English fever' in South Korea: its history and symptoms". English Today. 25 (1): 50–57. doi:10.1017/S026607840900008X. ISSN 0266-0784.
^ "The plight of Korean 'goose families'". Asian Pacific Post. November 3, 2004. Archived from the original on 2008-07-04.
^ Kim, Eun-gyong. "History of English Education in Korea". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20.
^ 국립국어원. "2002년 신어 보고서". Archived from the original on 2014-08-03. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
^ Psathas, George (2012). Interaction and Everyday Life: Phenomenological and Ethnomethodological Essays in Honor of George Psathas. Washington, D.C.: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 171–172. ISBN 978-0-7391-7644-3.
^ "Bad year for duck daddies". The Hankyoreh. Jan 28, 2008. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
^ "South Korean 'Goose Dads' Face Sacrifice, Loneliness for Children's Sake". Chosun Ilbo. Sep 28, 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-07-07.
^ "Cafe mom, Daejeondong dad...neologism for school parent's distress (카페맘ㆍ대전동아빠…학부모고충 담은 신조어 백태)". Yonhap News Agency. 2012-12-04. Archived from the original on 2021-02-09. Retrieved 2013-10-13.
^ Goh-Grapes, Agnes (2009-02-22). "Phenomenon of Wild Goose Fathers in South Korea". Korea Times. Archived from the original on 2009-12-01. Retrieved 28 July 2010.
^ Onishi, Norimitsu (June 8, 2008). "For English Studies, Koreans Say Goodbye to Dad". New York Times.

External links

Korea Times Phenomenon of Wild Goose Fathers in South Korea 02-22-2009 by Agnes Goh-Grapes
(in Korean) 펭귄 아빠, 독수리 아빠? Chosun Ilbo 2007.05.30

[1] Lee, Kapson (Oct 26, 2004). "Korean 'Goose Families' Migrate for Education". New America Media. Archived from the original on 2009-07-05.

[fever-2] Park, Jin-Kyu (2009). "'English fever' in South Korea: its history and symptoms". English Today. 25 (1): 50–57. doi:10.1017/S026607840900008X. ISSN 0266-0784.

[3] "The plight of Korean 'goose families'". Asian Pacific Post. November 3, 2004. Archived from the original on 2008-07-04.

[4] Kim, Eun-gyong. "History of English Education in Korea". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20.

[5] 국립국어원. "2002년 신어 보고서". Archived from the original on 2014-08-03. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[6] Psathas, George (2012). Interaction and Everyday Life: Phenomenological and Ethnomethodological Essays in Honor of George Psathas. Washington, D.C.: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 171–172. ISBN 978-0-7391-7644-3.

[7] "Bad year for duck daddies". The Hankyoreh. Jan 28, 2008. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2008.

[8] "South Korean 'Goose Dads' Face Sacrifice, Loneliness for Children's Sake". Chosun Ilbo. Sep 28, 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-07-07.

[9] "Cafe mom, Daejeondong dad...neologism for school parent's distress (카페맘ㆍ대전동아빠…학부모고충 담은 신조어 백태)". Yonhap News Agency. 2012-12-04. Archived from the original on 2021-02-09. Retrieved 2013-10-13.

[koreatimes_Goh-Grapes-10] Goh-Grapes, Agnes (2009-02-22). "Phenomenon of Wild Goose Fathers in South Korea". Korea Times. Archived from the original on 2009-12-01. Retrieved 28 July 2010.

[11] Onishi, Norimitsu (June 8, 2008). "For English Studies, Koreans Say Goodbye to Dad". New York Times.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|South Korean term meaning "goose dad"}}
-[[Image:BrantaLeucopsisMigration.jpg|thumb|150px|Flock of [[Barnacle goose|geese]] during autumn [[Bird migration|migration]]]]
+{{Italic title}}[[Image:BrantaLeucopsisMigration.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Flock of [[Barnacle goose|geese]] during autumn [[Bird migration|migration]]]]
-A '''''gireogi appa''''' ([[Korean language|Korean]]: 기러기 아빠,  literally "goose dad") is a [[South Korea|South Korean]] man who [[Economy of South Korea|works in Korea]] while his wife and children stay in an [[English-speaking country]] for the sake of the children's [[Education in South Korea|education]].<ref>{{cite news
+A {{Transliteration|ko|rr|'''gireogi appa'''}} ({{Korean|hangul=기러기 아빠|lit=goose dad}}) is a [[South Korea|South Korean]] term that refers to a man who [[Economy of South Korea|works in Korea]] while his wife and children stay in an [[English-speaking country]] such as the [[United States]], [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]] or [[New Zealand]] for the sake of their children's [[Education in South Korea|education]].<ref>{{cite news
  |last=Lee
  |first=Kapson
@@ Line 10: / Line 11: @@
  |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705015402/http://news.ncmonline.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=1585a9d19045a34b8d1de6b0794735fb
  |archivedate=2009-07-05
+}}</ref>
-}}</ref> The term is inspired by the fact that [[geese]] are a species that [[Bird migration|migrate]], just as the ''gireogi appa'' father must travel a great distance to see his family.<ref>{{cite news
+Many Korean people desire to speak English well. This desire is sometimes referred to as "English Fever".<ref name="fever">{{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Jin-Kyu |date=2009 |title='English fever' in South Korea: its history and symptoms |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S026607840900008X/type/journal_article |journal=[[English Today]] |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=50–57 |doi=10.1017/S026607840900008X |issn=0266-0784}}</ref> English proficiency is very important not only for students but also for office workers because they believe that English skills determine their social position and promotion in the company. However, it is not easy for Koreans to learn and speak English fluently due to the difference in sentence structure between Korean and English. To overcome this, some parents raise their young children in an anglophone country, as mothers stay with the children in the host country, while fathers live alone in Korea.<ref name="fever"></ref>
+The term is inspired by the fact that [[geese]] are a species that [[Bird migration|migrate]], just as {{Transliteration|ko|rr|gireogi appa}} fathers travel great distances to see their families.<ref>{{cite news
  |url=http://www.asianpacificpost.com/portal2/402881910674ebab010674f4f8bd1647.do.html
  |title=The plight of Korean 'goose families'
@@ Line 18: / Line 23: @@
  |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704200230/http://www.asianpacificpost.com/portal2/402881910674ebab010674f4f8bd1647.do.html
  |archivedate=2008-07-04
-}}</ref> Estimates of the number of ''gireogi appa'' in South Korea range as high as 200,000 men.<ref>{{cite news
+}}</ref> Estimates of the number of {{Transliteration|ko|rr|gireogi appa}} in South Korea range as high as 200,000 men.<ref>{{cite news
  |last=Kim
  |first=Eun-gyong
- |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/06/181_21843.html
+ |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/06/181_21843.html
  |title=History of English Education in Korea
  |newspaper=[[The Korea Times]]
- |url-status=dead
+ |url-status=live
- |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520110654/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/06/181_21843.html
+ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520110654/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2008/06/181_21843.html
- |archivedate=2011-05-20
+ |archive-date=2011-05-20
-}}</ref> The word 'gireogi appa' was included in the report '2002 New Word'  by the National Academy of Korean Language.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.korean.go.kr/09_new/notice/notice_view.jsp|title=2002년 신어 보고서|last=국립국어원}}</ref>
+}}</ref> The word {{Transliteration|ko|rr|gireogi appa}} was included in the report '2002 New Word' by the [[National Institute of Korean Language]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.korean.go.kr/09_new/notice/notice_view.jsp|title=2002년 신어 보고서|last=국립국어원|access-date=2019-03-31|archive-date=2014-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803185445/http://korean.go.kr/09_new/notice/notice_view.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+==Social problem==
+To provide a better educational environment for children, mothers usually decide to live in a foreign country with their children, and fathers are left alone in South Korea. It is difficult for these goose dads to communicate regularly with their families who live far away. Although the Internet and phones enable them to interact with their families indirectly, it is not easy to have good family communication. In addition, due to a sudden change in the form of the family, fathers who live alone suffer from extremely intense loneliness and desolation. This feeling of loneliness causes some fathers to have a sexual relationship with someone other than their wife, commit suicide, or put them at risk of dying alone.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Psathas|first=George|title=Interaction and Everyday Life: Phenomenological and Ethnomethodological Essays in Honor of George Psathas.|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2012|isbn=978-0-7391-7644-3|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=171–172|language=English}}</ref>
 ==Related terms==
-If the ''gireogi appa'' has the finances to pay for frequent visits to see his family, he is called an "eagle dad" (독수리 아빠) but if finances constrict his ability to travel abroad, he is known as a "[[penguin]] dad" (펭귄 아빠)<ref>{{cite news
+If the ''gireogi appa'' has the means to frequently visits his family, he is called an "eagle dad" ({{Korean|hangul=독수리 아빠|labels=no}}), but if his finances constrict his ability to travel abroad, he is known as a "[[penguin]] dad" ({{Korean|hangul=펭귄 아빠|labels=no}})<ref>{{cite news
 | url= http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_entertainment/266040.html
 | title= Bad year for duck daddies
 | publisher= [[The Hankyoreh]]
 | date= Jan 28, 2008
+| access-date= June 17, 2008
-}}</ref> because he [[Flightless bird|cannot fly]] and may go without seeing his family for years at a time.<ref>{{cite news
+| archive-date= February 9, 2021
+| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210209105739/http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_entertainment/266040.html
+| url-status= live
+}}</ref> because he [[Flightless bird|cannot fly]] and may for long periods of not seeing his family.<ref>{{cite news
  |url=http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200609/200609280007.html
  |title=South Korean 'Goose Dads' Face Sacrifice, Loneliness for Children's Sake
@@ Line 43: / Line 55: @@
  |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707175403/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200609/200609280007.html
  |archivedate=2009-07-07
 }}</ref>
-If the man cannot afford to send his children abroad, he rents a small studio for his wife and children in [[Gangnam (Seoul)|Gangnam]], an area dense with [[hagwon]]. That father is called a "sparrow dad"(참새 아빠). And if the man sends his children to elementary school in [[Daechi]], he hires lodgings and is called a "Daejeondong dad"(대전동아빠).<ref>{{cite news|title=Cafe mom, Daejeondong dad...neologism for school parent's distress (카페맘ㆍ대전동아빠…학부모고충 담은 신조어 백태)|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=001&aid=0005969215|newspaper=yeonhap news|date=2012-12-04}}</ref>
+If the man cannot afford to send his children abroad, and rents a small studio for his family in [[Gangnam (Seoul)|Gangnam]] (a district of [[Seoul]] dense with ''[[hagwon]]'') the father is a "sparrow dad" ({{Korean|hangul=참새 아빠|labels=no}}). If the man sends his children to elementary school in [[Daechi]], he hires lodgings and is called a "Daejeon-dong dad" ({{Korean|hangul=대전동 아빠|labels=no}}).<ref>{{cite news|title=Cafe mom, Daejeondong dad...neologism for school parent's distress (카페맘ㆍ대전동아빠…학부모고충 담은 신조어 백태)|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=001&aid=0005969215|newspaper=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |date=2012-12-04|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-date=2021-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209105722/https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=001&aid=0005969215|url-status=live}}</ref>
-More than 40,000 South Korean schoolchildren are believed to be living in United States, [[England]], [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Singapore]] and [[Malaysia]]  expressly to increase English-speaking ability. As of 2009, over 100,000 Korean students were studying abroad.<ref name="koreatimes Goh-Grapes">{{cite news
+More than 40,000 South Korean schoolchildren are believed to be living in the United States, [[Canada]], [[England]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Malaysia]], the [[Philippines]], and [[Singapore]] expressly to increase English-speaking ability. As of 2009, over 100,000 Korean students were studying abroad.<ref name="koreatimes Goh-Grapes">{{cite news
-| last=  Goh-Grapes
+ |last         = Goh-Grapes
-| first=  Agnes
+ |first        = Agnes
-| url=  http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/02/117_40060.html
+ |url          = https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/02/117_40060.html
-| title=  Phenomenon of Wild Goose Fathers in South Korea
+ |title        = Phenomenon of Wild Goose Fathers in South Korea
-| newspaper= [[Korea Times]]
+ |newspaper    = [[Korea Times]]
-| date=   2009-02-22
+ |date         = 2009-02-22
+ |access-date   = 28 July 2010
-| accessdate= 28 July 2010}}</ref> In at least some of the cases, a South Korean mother will choose to live abroad with her children with the additional reason of avoiding her [[mother-in-law]], with whom a historically [[Stress (biological)|stressful]] relationship may exist due to [[Korean Confucianism]].<ref>{{cite news
+ |archive-date = 2009-12-01
+ |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20091201015719/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/02/117_40060.html
+ |url-status   = live
+}}</ref> In at least some of the cases, a South Korean mother will choose to live abroad with her children for the secondary reason of avoiding her [[mother-in-law]], with whom a historically [[Stress (biological)|stressful]] relationship may exist due to [[Korean Confucianism]].<ref>{{cite news
 | last=  Onishi
 | first=  Norimitsu
@@ Line 76: / Line 93: @@
 ==External links==
-*[[Korea Times]] [http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/02/117_40060.html Phenomenon of Wild Goose Fathers in South Korea]  02-22-2009 by Agnes Goh-Grapes
+*[[Korea Times]] [https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/02/117_40060.html Phenomenon of Wild Goose Fathers in South Korea]  02-22-2009 by Agnes Goh-Grapes
-*{{ko icon}} [http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/05/30/2007053001048.html 펭귄 아빠, 독수리 아빠?] [[Chosun Ilbo]] 2007.05.30
+*{{in lang|ko}} [http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/05/30/2007053001048.html 펭귄 아빠, 독수리 아빠?] [[Chosun Ilbo]] 2007.05.30
 {{Korea topics}}
@@ Line 83: / Line 100: @@
 [[Category:Academic pressure in East Asian culture]]
 [[Category:Education in South Korea]]
-[[Category:Korean words and phrases]]
-[[Category:Neologisms]]
 [[Category:Student exchange]]
-[[Category:South Korean culture]]
+[[Category:Culture of South Korea]]
-[[Category:South Korean society]]
+[[Category:Society of South Korea]]
+[[Category:2002 neologisms]]
+[[Category:Metaphors referring to birds]]
-{{korea-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:21, 31 July 2024

Social problem

Related terms

See also

References

External links