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The Venicones were a people of ancient Britain, known only from a single mention of them by the geographer Ptolemy c. 150 AD. He recorded that their town was 'Orrea'.^[1] This has been identified as the Roman fort of Horrea Classis, located by Rivet and Smith as Monifieth, six miles east of Dundee.^[2] Therefore, they are presumed to have lived between the Tay and the Mounth, south of Aberdeen. Andrew Breeze has suggested that the tribal name probably means "hunting hounds".^[3] A slightly differing etymology, "kindred hounds", identifies the name with Maen Gwyngwn, a region mentioned in the Gododdin.^[4]

References

^ Ptolemy (150), Thayer, Bill (ed.), Geographia, Book 2, Chapter 2: Albion island of Britannia, LacusCurtius website at the University of Chicago (published 2008), retrieved 26 April 2008
^ A.L.F. Rivet and C. Smith, The Place-Names of Roman Britain (1979), pp. 372-3,491.
^ "Three Celtic names: Venicones, Tuesis and Soutra?", Scottish Language, 2006
^ J. T. Koch, The Stone of the Wenicones, in: Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 29, 1982, p. 87ff.

[1] Ptolemy (150), Thayer, Bill (ed.), Geographia, Book 2, Chapter 2: Albion island of Britannia, LacusCurtius website at the University of Chicago (published 2008), retrieved 26 April 2008

[2] A.L.F. Rivet and C. Smith, The Place-Names of Roman Britain (1979), pp. 372-3,491.

[a_breeze2-3] "Three Celtic names: Venicones, Tuesis and Soutra?", Scottish Language, 2006

[4] J. T. Koch, The Stone of the Wenicones, in: Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 29, 1982, p. 87ff.

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[2]

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+{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
 [[File:Britain.north.peoples.Ptolemy.jpg|frameless|right|180px]]
-The '''Venicones''' were a people of ancient [[Great Britain|Britain]], known only from a single mention of them by the [[geographer]] [[Ptolemy]] c. 150 AD. He recorded that their town was 'Orrea'.<ref> {{Citation
+The '''Venicones''' were a people of ancient [[Great Britain|Britain]], known only from a single mention of them by the [[geographer]] [[Ptolemy]] c. 150 AD. He recorded that their town was 'Orrea'.<ref>{{Citation
 |last=Ptolemy
 |author-link=Ptolemy
 |date=150
 |title=Geographia, Book 2, Chapter 2: Albion island of Britannia
-|url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/2*.html
+|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/2*.html
 |editor-last=Thayer
 |editor-first=Bill
 |publication-date=2008
-|accessdate=2008-04-26
+|access-date=2008-04-26
 |publisher=LacusCurtius website at the University of Chicago
-|}}</ref> This has been identified as the Roman fort of Horrea Classis, located by Rivet and Smith as Monifieth, six miles east of Dundee.<ref>A.L.F. Rivet and C. Smith, ''The Place-Names of Roman Britain'' (1979), pp. 372-3,491.</ref> Therefore they are presumed to have lived between the Tay and the Mounth, south of Aberdeen. The tribal name probably means "hunting hounds".<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6734/is_25/ai_n28432193/ Andrew Breeze, Three Celtic names: Venicones, Tuesis and Soutra, ''Scottish Language'' (2006)]</ref> A slightly differing etymology, "kindred hounds", identifies the name with ''Maen Gwyngwn'', a region mentioned in the ''[[Y Gododdin|Gododdin]]''.<ref>J. T. Koch, The Stone of the ''Wenicones'', in: ''Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies'' 29, 1982, p. 87ff.</ref>
+}}</ref> This has been identified as the Roman fort of Horrea Classis, located by Rivet and Smith as [[Monifieth]], six miles east of [[Dundee]].<ref>A.L.F. Rivet and C. Smith, ''The Place-Names of Roman Britain'' (1979), pp. 372-3,491.</ref> Therefore, they are presumed to have lived between the [[River Tay|Tay]] and the [[Mounth]], south of [[Aberdeen]]. [[Andrew Breeze]] has suggested that the tribal name probably means "hunting hounds".<ref name="a_breeze2">{{citation |title=Three Celtic names: Venicones, Tuesis and Soutra? | journal=Scottish Language| year=2006|url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-164221765/three-celtic-names-venicones-tuesis-and-soutra}}</ref> A slightly differing etymology, "kindred hounds", identifies the name with ''Maen Gwyngwn'', a region mentioned in the ''[[Y Gododdin|Gododdin]]''.<ref>J. T. Koch, The Stone of the ''Wenicones'', in: ''Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies'' 29, 1982, p. 87ff.</ref>
-Ammianus Marcellinus records of the "Barbarian Conspiracy" in 367 AD "at that time the Picts, of whom there were two tribes, the Dicalydones and Verturiones, together with the warlike people of the Attacotti and the Scots, were roving at large and causing great devastation". The Verturiones, otherwise unmentioned, may be a misreading of Venicones.
 ==References==
  <references />
+{{Iron Age tribes in Britain}}
+{{Scotland during the Roman Empire}}
+[[Category:Historical Celtic peoples]]
-{{Iron Age tribes in Britain}}
-[[Category:Ancient peoples]]
-[[Category:Tribes of ancient Britain]]
 [[Category:Picts]]
+[[Category:Tribes mentioned by Ptolemy]]
-[[ca:Venicons]]
-[[de:Venicones]]
-[[es:Venicones]]
-[[it:Veniconi]]