Jump to content

Barthel scale: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
→External links: Adding/removing external link(s)
 
(9 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Ordinal scale used to measure performance in activities of daily living (ADL)}}
{{Infobox diagnostic
{{Infobox diagnostic
| name = Barthel scale
| name = Barthel scale
Line 21: Line 22:
| LOINC = <!--{{LOINC|code}}-->
| LOINC = <!--{{LOINC|code}}-->
}}
}}
The '''Barthel scale''' is an [[ordinal scale]] used to measure performance in [[activities of daily living]] (ADL). Each performance item is rated on this scale with a given number of points assigned to each level or ranking.<ref name="O'Sullivan">{{cite book|last=O'Sullivan|first=Susan B|title=Physical Rehabilitation, Fifth Edition|year=2007|publisher=F.A. Davis Company|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=385|author2=Schmitz, Thomas J}}</ref> It uses ten variables describing ADL and mobility. A higher number is associated with a greater likelihood of being able to live at home with a degree of independence following discharge from hospital. The amount of time and physical assistance required to perform each item are used in determining the assigned value of each item. External factors within the environment affect the score of each item. If adaptations outside the standard home environment are met during [[wikt:assessment|assessment]], the participant’s score will be lower if these conditions are not available. If adaptations to the environment are made, they should be described in detail and attached to the Barthel index.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carroll |first=Douglas |title=Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index |url=http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/scales/barthel_reprint.pdf |accessdate=12 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928032514/http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/scales/barthel_reprint.pdf |archivedate=28 September 2011 |df= }}</ref>
The '''Barthel scale''' is an [[ordinal scale]] used to measure performance in [[activities of daily living]] (ADL). Each performance item is rated on this scale with a given number of points assigned to each level or ranking.<ref name="O'Sullivan">{{cite book|last=O'Sullivan|first=Susan B|title=Physical Rehabilitation, Fifth Edition|year=2007|publisher=F.A. Davis Company|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=385|author2=Schmitz, Thomas J}}</ref> It uses ten variables describing ADL and mobility. A higher number is associated with a greater likelihood of being able to live at home with a degree of independence following discharge from a hospital. The amount of time and physical assistance required to perform each item are used in determining the assigned value of each item. External factors within the environment affect the score of each item. If adaptations outside the standard home environment are met during [[wikt:assessment|assessment]], the participant's score will be lower if these conditions are not available. If adaptations to the environment are made, they should be described in detail and attached to the Barthel index.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carroll |first=Douglas |title=Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index |url=http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/scales/barthel_reprint.pdf |accessdate=12 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928032514/http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/scales/barthel_reprint.pdf |archivedate=28 September 2011 }}</ref>


The scale was introduced in 1965,<ref name=MahoneyBarthel>{{cite journal | author=Mahoney F. Barthel D | title=Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index | journal=Md Med J | year=1965 | volume=14 | pages=61–65 | pmid=14258950}}</ref> and yielded a score of 0–100 (Mahoney, F.I. & Barthel, D.W., 1965. Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index. Maryland state medical journal, 14, pp.61–65.). Collin et al. (1988) argued that the original scoring system gave an exaggerated impression of accuracy and subsequently proposed a modification where each domain was scored in one-point increments with a full score of 20 indicating functional independence (Collin, C. et al., 1988. The Barthel ADL Index: a reliability study. International disability studies, 10(2), pp.61–63.). The sensitized version sharply discriminates between good and better and poor and poorer performances. Its effectiveness is not just with in-patient rehabilitation but home care, nursing care, skilled nursing, and community. The Barthel index signifies one of the first contributions to the functional status literature and it represents [[occupational therapist]]s' lengthy period of inclusion of functional mobility and ADL measurement within their scope of practice.<ref name="O'Sullivan"/> The scale is regarded as reliable, although its use in [[clinical trial]]s in [[stroke]] medicine is inconsistent.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sulter G, Steen C, De Keyser J |title=Use of the Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in acute stroke trials |journal=Stroke |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=1538–41 |date=August 1999 |pmid=10436097 |doi= 10.1161/01.str.30.8.1538}}</ref> It has however, been used extensively to monitor functional changes in individuals receiving in-patient rehabilitation, mainly in predicting the functional outcomes related to stroke. The Barthel index has been shown to have portability and has been used in 16 major diagnostic conditions as well as different clinical settings (e.g., nursing homes) with satisfactory reliability and validity<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lam|first=Simon C.|last2=Lee|first2=Diana T. F.|last3=Yu|first3=Doris S. F.|date=2014-03-01|title=Establishing CUTOFF Values for the Simplified Barthel Index in Elderly Adults in Residential Care Homes|journal=Journal of the American Geriatrics Society|language=en|volume=62|issue=3|pages=575–577|doi=10.1111/jgs.12716|pmid=24628634|issn=1532-5415}}</ref>. The Barthel index has demonstrated high [[inter-rater reliability]] (0.95) and [[test–retest reliability]] (0.89) as well as high correlations (0.74–0.8) with other measures of physical disability.<ref name="O'Sullivan"/>
The scale was introduced in 1965,<ref name=MahoneyBarthel>{{cite journal | author=Mahoney F. Barthel D. | title=Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index | journal=Md Med J | year=1965 | volume=14 | pages=61–65 | pmid=14258950}}</ref> and yielded a score of 0–100 (Mahoney, F.I. & Barthel, D.W., 1965. Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index. Maryland state medical journal, 14, pp.&nbsp;61–65.). Collin et al. (1988) argued that the original scoring system gave an exaggerated impression of accuracy and subsequently proposed a modification where each domain was scored in one-point increments with a full score of 20 indicating functional independence (Collin, C. et al., 1988. The Barthel ADL Index: a reliability study. International disability studies, 10(2), pp.&nbsp;61–63.). The sensitized version sharply discriminates between good and better and poor and poorer performances. Its effectiveness is not just with in-patient rehabilitation but home care, nursing care, skilled nursing, and community. The Barthel index signifies one of the first contributions to the functional status literature and it represents [[occupational therapist]]s' lengthy period of inclusion of functional mobility and ADL measurement within their scope of practice.<ref name="O'Sullivan"/> The scale is regarded as reliable, although its use in [[clinical trial]]s in [[stroke]] medicine is inconsistent.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sulter G, Steen C, De Keyser J |title=Use of the Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in acute stroke trials |journal=Stroke |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=1538–41 |date=August 1999 |pmid=10436097 |doi= 10.1161/01.str.30.8.1538|doi-access=free }}</ref> It has however, been used extensively to monitor functional changes in individuals receiving in-patient rehabilitation, mainly in predicting the functional outcomes related to stroke. The Barthel index has been shown to have portability and has been used in 16 major diagnostic conditions as well as different clinical settings (e.g., nursing homes) with satisfactory reliability and validity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lam|first1=Simon C.|last2=Lee|first2=Diana T. F.|last3=Yu|first3=Doris S. F.|date=2014-03-01|title=Establishing CUTOFF Values for the Simplified Barthel Index in Elderly Adults in Residential Care Homes|journal=Journal of the American Geriatrics Society|language=en|volume=62|issue=3|pages=575–577|doi=10.1111/jgs.12716|pmid=24628634|s2cid=5175652 |issn=1532-5415}}</ref> The Barthel index has demonstrated high [[inter-rater reliability]] (0.95) and [[test–retest reliability]] (0.89) as well as high correlations (0.74–0.8) with other measures of physical disability.<ref name="O'Sullivan"/>


Copyright Information: The Maryland State Medical Society holds the copyright for the Barthel Index. It may be used freely for noncommercial
Copyright Information: The Maryland State Medical Society holds the copyright for the Barthel Index. It may be used freely for noncommercial
purposes with the following citation: Mahoney FI, Barthel D. “Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index.” Maryland State Med Journal 1965;14:56-61. Used with permission. Permission is required to modify the Barthel Index or to use it for commercial purposes.
purposes with the following citation: Mahoney FI, Barthel D. "Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index." Maryland State Med Journal 1965;14:56-61. Used with permission. Permission is required to modify the Barthel Index or to use it for commercial purposes.

==Variables==
==Variables==
The ten variables addressed in the Barthel scale are:<ref name=MahoneyBarthel/>
The ten variables addressed in the Barthel scale are:<ref name=MahoneyBarthel/>
Line 44: Line 46:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.strokecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/barthel.pdf Stroke Center reprint] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226072457/http://www.strokecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/barthel.pdf |date=2015-02-26 }}
* [http://www.pmidcalc.org/14258950 1965 (original version) online calculator at pmidcalc.org]
* [http://www.strokecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/barthel.pdf Stroke Center reprint]
*[http://neurotoolkit.com/barthel/ Free online Barthel Index calculator]
*[http://neurotoolkit.com/barthel/ Free online Barthel Index calculator]


Latest revision as of 17:43, 1 August 2024

Barthel scale
SynonymsBarthel ADL index
Purposemeasure performance in activities of daily living

The Barthel scale is an ordinal scale used to measure performance in activities of daily living (ADL). Each performance item is rated on this scale with a given number of points assigned to each level or ranking.[1] It uses ten variables describing ADL and mobility. A higher number is associated with a greater likelihood of being able to live at home with a degree of independence following discharge from a hospital. The amount of time and physical assistance required to perform each item are used in determining the assigned value of each item. External factors within the environment affect the score of each item. If adaptations outside the standard home environment are met during assessment, the participant's score will be lower if these conditions are not available. If adaptations to the environment are made, they should be described in detail and attached to the Barthel index.[2]

The scale was introduced in 1965,[3] and yielded a score of 0–100 (Mahoney, F.I. & Barthel, D.W., 1965. Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index. Maryland state medical journal, 14, pp. 61–65.). Collin et al. (1988) argued that the original scoring system gave an exaggerated impression of accuracy and subsequently proposed a modification where each domain was scored in one-point increments with a full score of 20 indicating functional independence (Collin, C. et al., 1988. The Barthel ADL Index: a reliability study. International disability studies, 10(2), pp. 61–63.). The sensitized version sharply discriminates between good and better and poor and poorer performances. Its effectiveness is not just with in-patient rehabilitation but home care, nursing care, skilled nursing, and community. The Barthel index signifies one of the first contributions to the functional status literature and it represents occupational therapists' lengthy period of inclusion of functional mobility and ADL measurement within their scope of practice.[1] The scale is regarded as reliable, although its use in clinical trials in stroke medicine is inconsistent.[4] It has however, been used extensively to monitor functional changes in individuals receiving in-patient rehabilitation, mainly in predicting the functional outcomes related to stroke. The Barthel index has been shown to have portability and has been used in 16 major diagnostic conditions as well as different clinical settings (e.g., nursing homes) with satisfactory reliability and validity.[5] The Barthel index has demonstrated high inter-rater reliability (0.95) and test–retest reliability (0.89) as well as high correlations (0.74–0.8) with other measures of physical disability.[1]

Copyright Information: The Maryland State Medical Society holds the copyright for the Barthel Index. It may be used freely for noncommercial purposes with the following citation: Mahoney FI, Barthel D. "Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index." Maryland State Med Journal 1965;14:56-61. Used with permission. Permission is required to modify the Barthel Index or to use it for commercial purposes.

Variables

[edit]

The ten variables addressed in the Barthel scale are:[3]

  • Presence or absence of fecal incontinence
  • Presence or absence of urinary incontinence
  • Help needed with grooming
  • Help needed with toilet use
  • Help needed with feeding
  • Help needed with transfers (e.g. from chair to bed)
  • Help needed with walking
  • Help needed with dressing
  • Help needed with climbing stairs
  • Help needed with bathing

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c O'Sullivan, Susan B; Schmitz, Thomas J (2007). Physical Rehabilitation, Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company. p. 385.
  2. ^ Carroll, Douglas. "Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  3. ^ a b Mahoney F. Barthel D. (1965). "Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index". Md Med J. 14: 61–65. PMID 14258950.
  4. ^ Sulter G, Steen C, De Keyser J (August 1999). "Use of the Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in acute stroke trials". Stroke. 30 (8): 1538–41. doi:10.1161/01.str.30.8.1538. PMID 10436097.
  5. ^ Lam, Simon C.; Lee, Diana T. F.; Yu, Doris S. F. (2014-03-01). "Establishing CUTOFF Values for the Simplified Barthel Index in Elderly Adults in Residential Care Homes". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 62 (3): 575–577. doi:10.1111/jgs.12716. ISSN 1532-5415. PMID 24628634. S2CID 5175652.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Barthel_scale&oldid=1238018973"