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{{Short description|Swedish influence}} |
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[[File:Framsidan på Konung Fredrik III cessionsbrev gällande provinsen Skåne.jpg|thumb|right|Det danska cessionsbrevet gällande avträdelse av Skåne till Sverige, 1658.]] |
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The '''Swedification of Scania''' refers to the process in which the former Danish region of [[Scania]] (Danish/Swedish: Skåne) was [[Culture of Sweden|culturally]] and [[Swedish language|linguistically]] integrated and made a natural part of the [[Swedish Empire]]. Many important steps towards this assimilations the Lund University and ..., took place in the period 1658–1719. In the context of Swedish expansion within Scandinavia. |
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==Background== |
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{{Further|History of Scania}} |
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As part of the [[Treaty of Roskilde]] at the end of the [[Second Northern War]], all areas in the historical region of [[Skåneland]] were ceded by [[Denmark-Norway]] to the [[Swedish Empire]] in early 1658. For the Swedish Empire, it was important to integrate these new subjects and to make the Scanians identify with Swedish culture and language, rather than Danish. On 16 April 1658, representatives of [[Scania]], [[Blekinge]] and [[Halland]]'s nobility, citizens, clergy and peasants gathered in Malmö to swear fealty to [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden|Charles X Gustav]]. The king was not present but was represented by an empty chair surrounded by Swedish soldiers.<ref>{{cite news|first=Harald |last=Gustafsson |url=http://www.svd.se/kulturnoje/understrecket/artikel_911003.svd |title=Att göra svenskar av skåningar |language=sv |work=[[Svenska Dagbladet]] |date=26 February 2008 |accessdate=2010-07-25}}</ref> |
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In 1662, Sweden aligned taxes and regulations in Scania with other parts of Sweden. Some of the new rules were very different from previous Danish practice; for example, the ''lilla tullen'' ("the small customs"), which charged a tax for all goods brought into cities. Other changes required each city council to have least two Swedish-born members. At the same time, inhabitants of Scania received representation in the [[Riksdag]], unlike other areas that had been conquered by the Swedish Empire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bjoerna.dk/DanskeLov/ |title=Danske Lov 1683. Digital udgave |publisher=Bjoerna.dk |date=2007-02-28 |accessdate=2010-07-25}}</ref> |
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When Charles X Gustav landed in Helsingborg in 1658, he met Bishop [[Peder Winstrup]] from Lund on the pier, who became a driving force for the establishment of the [[University of Lund]] as a Swedish counterweight to the [[University of Copenhagen]]. In 1666, the former was established under the name "Regia Academia Carolina", and its official opening ceremony took place in January 1668. |
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About two decades after the Treaty of Roskilde, Sweden sought to more fully implement Scania, including enforcing changes to the church and [[Scanian dialect|local language]].<ref name=ABC>{{cite journal| last1= Larsdotter | first1=Anna | title = Skåningarna bytte aldrig språk|trans-title=Scania never changed language | date = 2010 | journal = Språktidningen |language=Swedish|url=https://spraktidningen.se/artiklar/2010/02/skaningarna-bytte-aldrig-sprak|access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> In 1681, local priests aligned with the Church of Sweden and court documents and ecclesiastical correspondence increasingly adopted more standard Swedish grammatical features.<ref name="ABC" /> |
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During the [[Scanian War]] in the late 1670s, pro-Danish [[Snapphane]] fighters aided the Danish invasion. This led to a campaign to capture, torture and execute those who would not swear allegiance to the Swedish king. The policy was effective and by 1709 when Denmark again moved to invade Scania after the [[Battle of Poltava]] local militias resisted the effort.<ref>{{cite web|title=Snaphaner|language=da|last=Alm|first=Martin|date=10 May 2012|work=DanmarksHistorienDK|publisher=Aarhus Universitet|url=https://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/snaphaner/|access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> |
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When the Scanian War began in 1675, some 180,000 people lived in Scania. By 1718, only 132,800 were left. Some ''snapphane'' fled to Denmark; some 30,000 Scanian boys were sent to the Swedish army, many of whom were relocated to the Baltics. At the same time, Swedes were encouraged to take over Scanian farms and marry Scanian women.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brutal etnisk rensning när Skåne blev svenskt|language=sv|trans-title=Brutal ethnic clensing when Scania became Swedish|last=Lindqvist|first=Herman|date=9 March 2011|work=Aftonbladet|location=Stockholm, Sweden|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/kolumnister/a/1k6vpq/brutal-etnisk-rensning-nar-skane-blev-svenskt|access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 18:48, 1 August 2024
Swedo