2006 Washington Initiative 937: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> |
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{{Infobox referendum |
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|name= Initiative measure no. 937 |
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|title='''Clean Energy Initiative''' |
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|yes=1,042,679 |
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|no=972,747 |
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|map=File:2006 Washington initiative 937 results.svg |
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|mapcaption=Results by county:{{col-start}}{{col-2}}'''Yes:'''<br>{{legend|#b6c8d9|50–60%}}{{legend|#7D9CBB|60–70%}}{{col-2}}'''No:'''<br>{{legend|#DEDEBD|50–60%}}{{legend|#BCBC83|60–70%}}{{legend|#8B8B54|70–80%}}{{col-end}} |
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|invalid= |
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|notes=Source: [[Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=2006 Initiative General Election Results - Washington |url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=2006&off=62&elect=0&fips=53&f=0 |access-date=January 12, 2024 |website=David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections}}</ref>}} |
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{{ElectionsWA}} |
{{ElectionsWA}} |
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'''Ballot Initiative 937''' (official name '''Initiative measure no. 937''', known as '''I-937''') |
'''Ballot Initiative 937''' (official name '''Initiative measure no. 937''', known as '''I-937''') is a [[clean energy]] initiative passed in the [[United States|US]] state of [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], appearing on the ballot in the November [[2006 elections]]. It passed with 52 percent of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/default.aspx/id/15652935/ |title= MSN|website=[[MSNBC]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116051103/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/default.aspx/id/15652935/ |archive-date=November 16, 2007}}</ref> |
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==Content of the proposal== |
==Content of the proposal== |
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The initiative |
The initiative requires large [[Electric Utility|utilities]] to obtain 15% of their [[electricity]] from new [[renewable resource]]s such as [[solar energy|solar]] and [[wind energy|wind]] (but excluding [[hydro power|hydro]]) by 2020 with incremental steps of 3% by 2012 and 9% by 2016. It also requires that utilities undertake all cost-effective [[energy conservation]].<ref>[http://www.secstate.wa.gov/elections/initiatives/text/i937.pdf Full text of Ballot Initiative 937] (.pdf)</ref> |
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==Precedents== |
==Precedents== |
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Similar legislation |
Similar legislation has been enacted in at least 20 other states including the following. (The table is sorted by date and then by descending percentage. I-937 is included in bold.) |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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<table border="1" width="100%" id="table1"> |
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|- |
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<tr> |
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! State |
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<th bgcolor="#99FF66">State</th> |
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! Name |
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<th bgcolor="#99FF66">Name</th> |
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! Enacted |
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! Percentage |
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! By |
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<th bgcolor="#99FF66">By</th> |
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! Comments/Source |
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|- |
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</tr> |
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| [[Maine]] |
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<tr> |
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| |
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<td>[[Maine]]</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| 30% |
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<td> </td> |
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| 2000 |
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<td>30%</td> |
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| |
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<td>2000</td> |
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|- |
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<td> </td> |
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| [[Arizona]] |
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</tr> |
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| |
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<tr> |
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| |
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<td>[[Arizona]]</td> |
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| 1.1% |
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<td> </td> |
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| 2007 |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td>1.1%</td> |
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|- |
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<td>2007</td> |
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| [[Massachusetts]] |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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</tr> |
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| |
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<tr> |
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| 4% |
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<td>[[Massachusetts]]</td> |
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| 2009 |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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|- |
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<td>4%</td> |
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| [[Connecticut]] |
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<td>2009</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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</tr> |
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| 10% |
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<tr> |
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| 2010 |
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<td>[[Connecticut]]</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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|- |
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<td> </td> |
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| [[Iowa]] |
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<td>10%</td> |
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| |
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<td>2010</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| ~10% |
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</tr> |
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| 2010 |
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<tr> |
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| |
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<td>[[Iowa]]</td> |
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|- |
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<td> </td> |
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| [[New Mexico]] |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td>~10%</td> |
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| |
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<td>2010</td> |
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| 10% |
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<td> </td> |
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| 2011 |
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</tr> |
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| |
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<tr> |
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|- |
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<td>[[New Mexico]]</td> |
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| [[New York (state)|New York]] |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td>10%</td> |
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| 24% |
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<td>2011</td> |
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| 2013 |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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</tr> |
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|- |
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<tr> |
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| [[Nevada]] |
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<td>[[New York]]</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| 20% |
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<td>24%</td> |
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| 2015 |
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<td>2013</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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|- |
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</tr> |
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| [[Minnesota]] |
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<tr> |
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| |
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<td>[[Nevada]]</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| 19% |
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<td> </td> |
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| 2015 |
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<td>20%</td> |
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| |
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<td>2015</td> |
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|- |
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<td> </td> |
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| [[Montana]] |
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</tr> |
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| |
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<tr> |
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| |
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<td>[[Minnesota]]</td> |
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| 15% |
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<td> </td> |
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| 2015 |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td>19%</td> |
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|- |
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<td>2015</td> |
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| [[Colorado]] |
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<td> </td> |
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| [[Colorado Amendment 37 (2004)|Amendment 37]] |
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</tr> |
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| 2004 |
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<tr> |
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| 10% |
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<td>[[Montana]]</td> |
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| 2015 |
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<td> </td> |
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| First ballot initiative<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/the-colorado-renewable-energy-standard-ballot-initiative.html |title=The Colorado Renewable Energy Standard Ballot Initiative<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-10-26 |archive-date=2006-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028145626/http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/the-colorado-renewable-energy-standard-ballot-initiative.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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<td> </td> |
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|- |
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<td>15%</td> |
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| [[Texas]] |
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<td>2015</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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</tr> |
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| ~4.2% |
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<tr> |
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| 2015 |
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<td>[[Colorado]]</td> |
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| 5.88 GW |
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<td>[[Colorado Amendment 37 (2004)|Amendment 37]]</td> |
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|- |
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<td>2004 </td> |
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| [[California]] |
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<td>10%</td> |
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| |
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<td>2015</td> |
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| |
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<td>First ballot initiative<ref>[http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/the-colorado-renewable-energy-standard-ballot-initiative.html The Colorado Renewable Energy Standard Ballot Initiative<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref></td> |
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| 20% |
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</tr> |
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| 2017 |
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<tr> |
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| |
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<td>[[Texas]]</td> |
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|- |
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<td> </td> |
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| [[Rhode Island]] |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td>~4.2%</td> |
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| |
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<td>2015</td> |
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| 16% |
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<td>5.88 GW</td> |
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| 2019 |
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</tr> |
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| |
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<tr> |
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|- |
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<td>[[California]]</td> |
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| [[Delaware]] |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td>20%</td> |
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| 10% |
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<td>2017</td> |
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| 2019 |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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</tr> |
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|- |
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<tr> |
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| [[Maryland]] |
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<td>[[Rhode Island]]</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| 7.5% |
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<td>16%</td> |
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| 2019 |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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|- |
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</tr> |
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| [[New Jersey]] |
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<tr> |
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| |
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<td>[[Delaware]]</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| 22.5% |
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<td> </td> |
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| 2020 |
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<td>10%</td> |
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| |
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<td>2019</td> |
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|- |
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<td> </td> |
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| [[Hawaii]] |
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</tr> |
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| |
|||
<tr> |
|||
| |
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<td>[[Maryland]]</td> |
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| 20% |
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<td> </td> |
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| 2020 |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td>7.5%</td> |
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|- |
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<td>2019</td> |
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| '''Washington''' |
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<td> </td> |
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| '''I-937''' |
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</tr> |
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| |
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<tr> |
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| '''15%''' |
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<td>[[New Jersey]]</td> |
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| '''2020''' |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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|- |
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<td>22.5%</td> |
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| [[Washington, D.C.]] |
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<td>2020</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| |
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</tr> |
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| 11% |
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<tr> |
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| 2022 |
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<td>[[Hawaii]]</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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|- |
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<td> </td> |
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| [[Pennsylvania]] |
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<td>20%</td> |
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| |
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<td>2020</td> |
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| |
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<td> </td> |
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| 8% |
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</tr> |
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| 2020 |
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<tr> |
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| |
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<td>'''Washington'''</td> |
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|} |
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<td>'''I-937'''</td> |
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Unless indicated otherwise, data are from <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/state-clean-energy-maps-and-graphs.html |title=State Clean Energy Maps and Graphs<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2006-10-26 |archive-date=2006-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028150240/http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/state-clean-energy-maps-and-graphs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>'''15%'''</td> |
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<td>'''2020'''</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>[[Washington, D.C.]]</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>11%</td> |
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<td>2022</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td>[[Pennsylvania]]</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td> </td> |
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<td>8%</td> |
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<td>2020</td> |
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<td> </td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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Unless indicated otherwise, data are from <ref>[http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_policies/state-clean-energy-maps-and-graphs.html State Clean Energy Maps and Graphs<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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==Supporters== |
==Supporters== |
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Supporters included the following:<ref>http://www.yeson937.org/content.jsp?content_KEY=1977</ref> |
Supporters included the following:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.yeson937.org/content.jsp?content_KEY=1977 |title=Yes! On I-937 |access-date=2006-10-26 |archive-date=2006-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104013315/http://www.yeson937.org/content.jsp?content_KEY=1977 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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===Elected officials=== |
===Elected officials=== |
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* U.S. Senators [[Maria Cantwell]] and [[Patty Murray]] |
* U.S. Senators [[Maria Cantwell]] and [[Patty Murray]] |
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* U.S. Congressmen [[Jay Inslee]], [[Adam Smith]], [[Norm Dicks]] and [[Jim McDermott]] |
* U.S. Congressmen [[Jay Inslee]], [[Adam Smith (Washington politician)|Adam Smith]], [[Norm Dicks]] and [[Jim McDermott]] |
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* State Senators [[Luke Esser]] (R), [[Dave Schmidt]] (R), [[Debbie Regala]] (D), [[Bill Finkbeiner]] (R), [[Erik Poulsen]] (D), [[Karen Fraser]] (D), [[Craig Pridemore]] (D), [[Jeanne Kohl-Welles]] (D), [[Karen Keiser]] (D) |
* State Senators [[Luke Esser]] (R), [[Dave Schmidt (politician)|Dave Schmidt]] (R), [[Debbie Regala]] (D), [[Bill Finkbeiner]] (R), [[Erik Poulsen (American politician)|Erik Poulsen]] (D), [[Karen Fraser]] (D), [[Craig Pridemore]] (D), [[Jeanne Kohl-Welles]] (D), [[Karen Keiser]] (D) |
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* State Representatives [[Toby Nixon]] (R), [[Zach Hudgins]] (D), [[Brian J. Sullivan]] (D), [[Fred Jarrett]] (R), [[Pat Sullivan]] (D), [[Geoff Simpson]] (D), [[Rodney Tom]] (D), [[Dave Upthegrove]] (D), [[Brendan Williams]] (D) |
* State Representatives [[Toby Nixon]] (R), [[Zach Hudgins]] (D), [[Brian Sullivan (Washington politician, born 1958)|Brian J. Sullivan]] (D), [[Fred Jarrett]] (R), [[Pat Sullivan (politician)|Pat Sullivan]] (D), [[Geoff Simpson]] (D), [[Rodney Tom]] (D), [[Dave Upthegrove]] (D), [[Brendan Williams (politician)|Brendan Williams]] (D) |
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* [[King County]] Executive [[Ron Sims]] |
* [[King County, Washington|King County]] Executive [[Ron Sims]] |
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* Seattle Mayor [[Greg Nickels]] |
* Seattle Mayor [[Greg Nickels]] |
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* [[American Cancer Society]] |
* [[American Cancer Society]] |
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* Washington [[Physicians for Social Responsibility]] |
* Washington [[Physicians for Social Responsibility]] |
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===Energy and labor=== |
===Energy and labor=== |
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* Washington [[Public Utility District]]s Association |
* Washington [[public utility district|Public Utility District]]s Association |
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* [[Washington State Labor Council]] |
* [[Washington State Labor Council]] |
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* [[United Steelworkers]] |
* [[United Steelworkers]] |
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* [[SEIU]] Washington State Council |
* [[SEIU]] Washington State Council |
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* [[Apollo Alliance]] |
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* [[Blue-Green Alliance]] |
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===Environmental=== |
===Environmental=== |
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* [[Denis Hayes]], Founder of [[Earth Day]] |
* [[Denis Hayes]], Founder of [[Earth Day]] |
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* NW Energy Coalition |
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* [[Audubon Society]] Washington |
* [[Audubon Society]] Washington |
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* [[The Mountaineers (Pacific NW)|The Mountaineers]] |
* [[The Mountaineers (Pacific NW)|The Mountaineers]] |
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==Opponents== |
==Opponents== |
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Opponents included many small co-op electrical providers (even though the initiative affects only utilities with greater than 25,000 customers) as well as the following:<ref>http://www.nooni937.com/Endorsements.html</ref> |
Opponents included many small co-op electrical providers (even though the initiative affects only utilities with greater than 25,000 customers) as well as the following:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nooni937.com/Endorsements.html |title=Domain Name Renewal and web hosting from Network Solutions |access-date=2006-10-26 |archive-date=2007-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906085923/http://nooni937.com/Endorsements.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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* [http://www.bbec.org/home.html Big Bend Electrical Cooperative] |
* [http://www.bbec.org/home.html Big Bend Electrical Cooperative] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813113324/http://www.bbec.org/home.html |date=2006-08-13 }} |
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* [[Boeing]] |
* [[Boeing]] |
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* [[Boise Cascade]] |
* [[Boise Cascade]] |
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* Representatives [[Brian Blake]] (D) and [[Dean Takko]] |
* Representatives [[Brian Blake]] (D) and [[Dean Takko]] |
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* Senators [[Jean Berkey]] (D) and [[Mark Doumit|Mark L. Doumit]] (D) |
* Senators [[Jean Berkey]] (D) and [[Mark Doumit|Mark L. Doumit]] (D) |
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* [http://tannerelectric.coop/site/index.php Tanner Electric Cooperative] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205030821/http://tannerelectric.coop/site/index.php |date=2006-12-05 }} |
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* [[Snohomish County PUD]] commissioner Kathy Vaughn |
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* [http://tannerelectric.coop/site/index.php Tanner Electric Cooperative] |
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* [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]] |
* [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]] |
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* [[Washington Farm Bureau]] |
* [[Washington Farm Bureau]] |
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* [http://www.wreca.coop Washington |
* [http://www.wreca.coop Washington Rural Electric Cooperative Association] |
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* [[Weyerhaeuser]] |
* [[Weyerhaeuser]] |
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Line 263: | Line 251: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://cted.wa.gov/_CTED/documents/ID_2521_Publications.doc Washington’s Primary Energy Consumption by Source] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003013438/http://www.cted.wa.gov/_CTED/documents/ID_2521_Publications.doc |date=2006-10-03 }} (.doc) |
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* [http://www.nooni937.com/ No on I-937] |
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* [http://cted.wa.gov/_CTED/documents/ID_2521_Publications.doc Washington’s Primary Energy Consumption by Source] (.doc) |
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{{WA2006Elections}} |
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[[Category:Renewable energy policy in the United States]] |
[[Category:Renewable energy policy in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Washington (state) ballot measures]] |
[[Category:2006 Washington (state) ballot measures]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Initiatives in the United States]] |
Latest revision as of 13:12, 2 August 2024
Clean Energy Initiative | ||||||||||
Results | ||||||||||
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Results by county:
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Source: Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections[1] |
Elections in Washington |
---|
Ballot Initiative 937 (official name Initiative measure no. 937, known as I-937) is a clean energy initiative passed in the US state of Washington, appearing on the ballot in the November 2006 elections. It passed with 52 percent of the vote.[2]
Content of the proposal
[edit]The initiative requires large utilities to obtain 15% of their electricity from new renewable resources such as solar and wind (but excluding hydro) by 2020 with incremental steps of 3% by 2012 and 9% by 2016. It also requires that utilities undertake all cost-effective energy conservation.[3]
Precedents
[edit]Similar legislation has been enacted in at least 20 other states including the following. (The table is sorted by date and then by descending percentage. I-937 is included in bold.)
State | Name | Enacted | Percentage | By | Comments/Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maine | 30% | 2000 | |||
Arizona | 1.1% | 2007 | |||
Massachusetts | 4% | 2009 | |||
Connecticut | 10% | 2010 | |||
Iowa | ~10% | 2010 | |||
New Mexico | 10% | 2011 | |||
New York | 24% | 2013 | |||
Nevada | 20% | 2015 | |||
Minnesota | 19% | 2015 | |||
Montana | 15% | 2015 | |||
Colorado | Amendment 37 | 2004 | 10% | 2015 | First ballot initiative[4] |
Texas | ~4.2% | 2015 | 5.88 GW | ||
California | 20% | 2017 | |||
Rhode Island | 16% | 2019 | |||
Delaware | 10% | 2019 | |||
Maryland | 7.5% | 2019 | |||
New Jersey | 22.5% | 2020 | |||
Hawaii | 20% | 2020 | |||
Washington | I-937 | 15% | 2020 | ||
Washington, D.C. | 11% | 2022 | |||
Pennsylvania | 8% | 2020 |
Unless indicated otherwise, data are from [5]
Supporters
[edit]Supporters included the following:[6]
Elected officials
[edit]- U.S. Senators Maria Cantwell and Patty Murray
- U.S. Congressmen Jay Inslee, Adam Smith, Norm Dicks and Jim McDermott
- State Senators Luke Esser (R), Dave Schmidt (R), Debbie Regala (D), Bill Finkbeiner (R), Erik Poulsen (D), Karen Fraser (D), Craig Pridemore (D), Jeanne Kohl-Welles (D), Karen Keiser (D)
- State Representatives Toby Nixon (R), Zach Hudgins (D), Brian J. Sullivan (D), Fred Jarrett (R), Pat Sullivan (D), Geoff Simpson (D), Rodney Tom (D), Dave Upthegrove (D), Brendan Williams (D)
- King County Executive Ron Sims
- Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels
Civic and political organizations
[edit]- League of Women Voters
- Kittitas Valley League of Women voters
- Washington State Democrats
- King County Young Democrats
- Republicans for Environmental Protection, Washington Chapter
- Green Party of Washington State
- Peace Action for Washington
Health organizations
[edit]Energy and labor
[edit]- Washington Public Utility Districts Association
- Washington State Labor Council
- United Steelworkers
- SEIU Washington State Council
Environmental
[edit]- Denis Hayes, Founder of Earth Day
- NW Energy Coalition
- Audubon Society Washington
- The Mountaineers
- Sierra Club - Cascade Chapter
- Washington Conservation Voters
- Union of Concerned Scientists
- Natural Resources Defense Council
- National Wildlife Federation
Faith
[edit]- Earth Ministry
- Lutheran Public Policy Office of Washington
- Washington Association of Churches
- Church Council of Greater Seattle
Newspapers
[edit]Opponents
[edit]Opponents included many small co-op electrical providers (even though the initiative affects only utilities with greater than 25,000 customers) as well as the following:[7]
- Big Bend Electrical Cooperative Archived 2006-08-13 at the Wayback Machine
- Boeing
- Boise Cascade
- Chamber of Commerces: Bellevue, Greater Seattle, Kelso-Longview, Pasco, Spokane Regional, Tacoma-Pierce County, Wenatchee Valley, West Richland Area
- Modern Electric Water Company
- National Association of Manufacturers
- Peninsula Light Company
- PUDs of Benton, Cowlitz, Franklin, Lewis, and Mason County.
- Representatives Brian Blake (D) and Dean Takko
- Senators Jean Berkey (D) and Mark L. Doumit (D)
- Tanner Electric Cooperative Archived 2006-12-05 at the Wayback Machine
- U.S. Chamber of Commerce
- Washington Farm Bureau
- Washington Rural Electric Cooperative Association
- Weyerhaeuser
References
[edit]- ^ "2006 Initiative General Election Results - Washington". David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
- ^ "MSN". MSNBC. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007.
- ^ Full text of Ballot Initiative 937 (.pdf)
- ^ "The Colorado Renewable Energy Standard Ballot Initiative". Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
- ^ "State Clean Energy Maps and Graphs". Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
- ^ "Yes! On I-937". Archived from the original on 2006-11-04. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
- ^ "Domain Name Renewal and web hosting from Network Solutions". Archived from the original on 2007-09-06. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
External links
[edit]- Washington’s Primary Energy Consumption by Source Archived 2006-10-03 at the Wayback Machine (.doc)