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{{short description|Title in the Peerage of England}}
{{short description|Title in the Peerage of England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox nobility title
{{Infobox nobility title
| name = Marquessate of Winchester
| name = Marquessate of Winchester
| image = [[File:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|150px]]<br>[[File:Marquess of Winchester COA.svg|180px]]
| image = [[File:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|150px]]<br />[[File:Marquess of Winchester COA.svg|180px]]
| image_size =
| image_size =
| alt =
| alt =
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| first_holder = [[William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester]]
| first_holder = [[William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester]]
| last_holder =
| last_holder =
| present_holder = [[Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester]]
| present_holder = Christopher Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester
| heir_apparent = [[Christopher Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire]]
| heir_apparent = Michael Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire
| heir_presumptive =
| heir_presumptive =
| remainder_to = the 1st Earl's [[heirs male]] whatsoever
| remainder_to = the 1st Earl's [[heirs male]] whatsoever
| subsidiary_titles = [[Earl of Wiltshire]]<br>Baron St John
| subsidiary_titles = [[Earl of Wiltshire]]<br />Baron St John
| status = Extant
| status = Extant
| extinction_date =
| extinction_date =
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}}
}}
[[File:Sir William Paulet.jpg|thumb|William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester and Lord High Treasurer of England]]
[[File:Sir William Paulet.jpg|thumb|William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester and Lord High Treasurer of England]]
'''Marquess of Winchester''' is a title in the [[Peerage of England]] that was created in 1551 for the prominent statesman [[William Paulet, 1st Earl of Wiltshire]]. The marquessate is the only English one in existence (extant) therefore its holder is considered the premier marquess of England. The current holder is [[Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester]] (born 1941) whose son uses the [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|courtesy title]] [[Earl of Wiltshire]].
'''Marquess of Winchester''' is a title in the [[Peerage of England]] that was created in 1551 for the prominent statesman [[William Paulet, 1st Earl of Wiltshire]]. It is the oldest of six surviving English marquessates; therefore its holder is considered the premier [[marquess]] of England. It is also now the only marquessate in the Peerage of England not being subsidiary to a higher title (although it was formerly subsidiary to the extinct Dukedom of Bolton; the other five are all still held by [[duke]]s). The current holder is Christopher Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (born 1969), whose son uses the [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|courtesy title]] [[Earl of Wiltshire]].


==History==
==History==
It was created in 1551 for the prominent statesman [[William Paulet, 1st Earl of Wiltshire]]. He had already been created '''Baron St John''' in 1539 and '''Earl of Wiltshire''' in 1550, also in the Peerage of England. The first marquess was one of the most noted statesmen of his time, serving in high positions under [[King Henry VIII]] and all his children, and served as [[Lord High Treasurer]] of [[England]] from 1550 to 1572. He was succeeded by his son, the second marquess, who had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] in his father's lifetime through a [[writ of acceleration]] in his father's junior title of Baron St John. His son, the third marquess, was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration as Lord St John in 1572. His grandson, the fifth marquess, represented [[St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)|St Ives]] in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]. During the [[English Civil War|Civil War]] he was a strong supporter of [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] and became known as "the loyal Marquess". The family seat of [[Basing House]] was burnt to the ground by the Parliamentarians during the conflict. During this period, the [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|courtesy title]] for the heirs apparent of the marquesses was Baron St John; that of Earl of Wiltshire does not seem to have been used, perhaps because of an unsubstantiated tradition that that title was surrendered upon the creation of the marquessate.<ref>{{cite book | title=Complete Peerage | volume=5 | author=George Edward Cokayne | year=1898 | pages=172–175 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LycwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA172}}</ref>. Another explanation could be possible embarrassment arising from the fact that his son Charles married Mary Scrope, whose father the 11th Lord Scrope of Bolton and 1st Earl of Sunderland, was the direct heir of the original Earl of Wiltshire, beheaded by Henry IV in 1399. The original "Earl of Wiltshire" title had been in abeyance since then.
The peerage was created in 1551 for the prominent statesman [[William Paulet, 1st Earl of Wiltshire]]. The king at the time was [[Edward VI]], who was not of age, and the decision was that of [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]], who in the same year promoted himself to a dukedom. Paulet had already been created '''Baron St John''' in 1539 and '''Earl of Wiltshire''' in 1550, also in the Peerage of England. The first marquess was one of the most noted statesmen of his time, serving in high positions under [[King Henry VIII]] and his children, and served as [[Lord High Treasurer]] of [[England]] from 1550 to 1572. He was succeeded by his son, the second marquess, who had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] in his father's lifetime through a [[writ of acceleration]] in his father's junior title of Baron St John. His son, the third marquess, was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration as Lord St John in 1572. His grandson, the fifth marquess, represented [[St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)|St Ives]] in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]. During the [[English Civil War|Civil War]] he was a strong supporter of [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] and became known as "the loyal Marquess". The family seat of [[Basing House]] was burnt to the ground by the Parliamentarians during the conflict. During this period, the [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|courtesy title]] for the heirs apparent of the marquesses was Baron St John; that of Earl of Wiltshire does not seem to have been used, perhaps because of an unsubstantiated tradition that that title was surrendered upon the creation of the marquessate.<ref>{{cite book | title=Complete Peerage | volume=5 | author=George Edward Cokayne | year=1898 | pages=172–175 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LycwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA172}}</ref> Another explanation could be possible embarrassment arising from the fact that his son Charles married Mary Scrope, whose father the 11th Lord Scrope of Bolton and 1st Earl of Sunderland, was the direct heir of the original Earl of Wiltshire, beheaded by Henry IV in 1399. The original "Earl of Wiltshire" title had been in abeyance since then.


He was succeeded by his son, the sixth marquess. The sixth marquess was a supporter of [[William III of England|King William III]] and [[Queen Mary II]] and was rewarded for his support after the [[Glorious Revolution]] when he was created '''Duke of Bolton'''. He was succeeded by his son, the second duke, who, as heir apparent to the marquessate in 1675, was the first to adopt the courtesy title of Earl of Wiltshire.<ref>{{cite book | last=Doyle | first=James William Edmund | author-link=James William Edmund Doyle | title=The Official Baronage of England, v. 1 | place=London | publisher=Longmans, Green | year=1886 | page=200 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B-kIAAAAIAAJ | access-date=2016-10-16 | archive-date=2017-02-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215013148/https://books.google.com/books?id=B-kIAAAAIAAJ&PA=200 | url-status=live }}</ref> The second Duke was a politician and notably served as [[Lord Chamberlain of the Household]] and as [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]]. On his death the titles passed to his son, the third duke, who was also a politician. He was a [[Whig Party (UK)|Whig]] [[Member of Parliament]] and served as [[lord lieutenant]] of several counties. In 1717 he was meant to be summoned to the House of Lords through a [[writ of acceleration]] in his father's junior title of Baron St John (of Basing). However, he was mistakenly summoned as '''Lord Pawlett of Basing''' and this [[Baronies created by error|inadvertently created a new barony]].
He was succeeded by his son, the sixth marquess. The sixth marquess was a supporter of [[William III of England|King William III]] and [[Queen Mary II]] and was rewarded for his support after the [[Glorious Revolution]] when he was created '''Duke of Bolton'''. He was succeeded by his son, the second duke, who, as heir apparent to the marquessate in 1675, was the first to adopt the courtesy title of Earl of Wiltshire.<ref>{{cite book | last=Doyle | first=James William Edmund | author-link=James William Edmund Doyle | title=The Official Baronage of England, v. 1 | place=London | publisher=Longmans, Green | year=1886 | page=200 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B-kIAAAAIAAJ | access-date=2016-10-16 | archive-date=2017-02-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215013148/https://books.google.com/books?id=B-kIAAAAIAAJ&PA=200 | url-status=live }}</ref> The second Duke was a politician and notably served as [[Lord Chamberlain of the Household]] and as [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]]. On his death the titles passed to his son, the third duke, who was also a politician. He was a [[Whig Party (UK)|Whig]] [[Member of Parliament]] and served as [[lord lieutenant]] of several counties. In 1717 he was meant to be summoned to the House of Lords through a [[writ of acceleration]] in his father's junior title of Baron St John (of Basing). However, he was mistakenly summoned as '''Lord Pawlett of Basing''' and this [[Baronies created by error|inadvertently created a new barony]].
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However, the barony of Pawlett of Basing became extinct as he had no legitimate offspring while he was succeeded in the other titles by his younger brother, the fourth duke. He notably served as a [[Lord of the Admiralty]] and as lord lieutenant of both [[Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire|Hampshire]] and [[Lord Lieutenant of Glamorganshire|Glamorganshire]]. His eldest son, the fifth duke, was a member of Parliament and Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixth duke. He was an [[admiral of the White]]. The sixth duke had no sons and on his death in 1794 the dukedom became extinct. Most of the family estates passed to his niece Jean Mary Browne-Powlett, illegitimate daughter of the fifth duke. She was the wife of Thomas Orde, who assumed the additional surname of Powlett and was created [[Baron Bolton]] in 1797.
However, the barony of Pawlett of Basing became extinct as he had no legitimate offspring while he was succeeded in the other titles by his younger brother, the fourth duke. He notably served as a [[Lord of the Admiralty]] and as lord lieutenant of both [[Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire|Hampshire]] and [[Lord Lieutenant of Glamorganshire|Glamorganshire]]. His eldest son, the fifth duke, was a member of Parliament and Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixth duke. He was an [[admiral of the White]]. The sixth duke had no sons and on his death in 1794 the dukedom became extinct. Most of the family estates passed to his niece Jean Mary Browne-Powlett, illegitimate daughter of the fifth duke. She was the wife of Thomas Orde, who assumed the additional surname of Powlett and was created [[Baron Bolton]] in 1797.


The sixth duke was succeeded in the Barony of St John, the Earldom of Wiltshire and the Marquessate of Winchester by his third cousin once removed George Paulet, who became the twelfth marquess. He was the great-grandson of Lord Henry Paulet, third son of the fourth marquess. He had earlier represented [[Winchester (UK Parliament constituency)|Winchester]] in Parliament. His son, the thirteenth marquess, was a member of Parliament for [[Truro (UK Parliament constituency)|Truro]] and served as Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. In 1839 Lord Winchester assumed the additional surname of Burroughs. He was succeeded by his son, the fourteenth marquess. He was also Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. His son, the fifteenth marquess, was a [[major]] in the [[Coldstream Guards]] and was killed in action at the [[Battle of Magersfontein]] in 1899 during the [[Second Boer War]]. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixteenth marquess. He was Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire and Chairman of the [[Hampshire County Council]]. On his death in 1962 at the age of 99 the line of the fourteenth marquess failed.
The sixth duke was succeeded in the Barony of St John, the Earldom of Wiltshire and the Marquessate of Winchester by his third cousin once removed George Paulet, who became the twelfth marquess. He was the great-grandson of Lord Henry Paulet, third son of the fourth marquess. He had earlier represented [[Winchester (UK Parliament constituency)|Winchester]] in Parliament. His son, the thirteenth marquess, was a member of Parliament for [[Truro (UK Parliament constituency)|Truro]] and served as Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. In 1839 Lord Winchester assumed the additional surname of Burroughs. He was succeeded by his son, the fourteenth marquess. He was also Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. His son, the fifteenth marquess, was a [[Major (rank)|major]] in the [[Coldstream Guards]] and was killed in action at the [[Battle of Magersfontein]] in 1899 during the [[Second Boer War]]. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixteenth marquess. He was Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire and Chairman of the [[Hampshire County Council]]. On his death in 1962 at the age of 99 the line of the fourteenth marquess failed.


He was succeeded by his first cousin twice removed, the seventeenth marquess. He was the great-grandson of the Reverend Lord Charles Paulet, second son of the thirteenth marquess. On the seventeenth marquess's death in 1968 this line of the family also failed and the title passed to the seventeenth marquess's first cousin once removed, the eighteenth and (as of 2013) present holder of the titles. He is the grandson of Cecil Henry Paulet, uncle of the seventeenth marquess. Lord Winchester lives in [[South Africa]].
He was succeeded by his first cousin twice removed, the seventeenth marquess. He was the great-grandson of the Reverend Lord Charles Paulet, second son of the thirteenth marquess. On the seventeenth marquess's death in 1968 this line of the family also failed and the title passed to the seventeenth marquess's first cousin once removed, the eighteenth marquess, who died in 2016. Lord Winchester lived in [[South Africa]].


The surname of the later dukes of Bolton is usually spelled "Powlett" rather than "Paulet". This spelling continues to be used by the [[Baron Bolton|Orde-Powlett family]].
The surname of the later dukes of Bolton is usually spelled "Powlett" rather than "Paulet". This spelling continues to be used by the [[Baron Bolton|Orde-Powlett family]].


The Marquessate of Winchester is the oldest English (and British) marquessate still in existence, and as a result, the holder of the title is considered the premier marquess of England. The marquess of Winchester, incidentally, is the only marquess in the [[peerage of England]] without a higher title; [[List of Marquesses in the Peerages of the British Isles|all other marquesses in that peerage]] are also dukes.
The Marquessate of Winchester is the oldest English marquessate still in existence, and as a result the holder of the peerage is the premier marquess of England. The marquess of Winchester is also the only one in the [[peerage of England]] without a higher title; as [[List of Marquesses in the Peerages of the British Isles|all other marquesses in that peerage]] are also dukes.


Earl of Wiltshire is used as the courtesy title of Lord Winchester's eldest son and heir. Lord Wiltshire's son and heir uses the courtesy title Lord St John.
Earl of Wiltshire is used as the courtesy title of Lord Winchester's eldest son and heir, while Lord Wiltshire's son and heir has the courtesy title Lord St John.


One of the main family seats was [[Basing House]], near [[Old Basing]], [[Hampshire]].
One of the main family seats was [[Basing House]], near [[Old Basing]], [[Hampshire]].


==Marquesses of Winchester (1551)==
==Marquesses of Winchester (1551)==
[[File:Shield of Paulet, Marquess of Winchester. Sable three swords argent in pile with their hilts or.gif|thumb|Arms of Paulet, Marquess of Winchester: ''Sable, three swords pilewise points in base proper pommels and hilts or'']]
*[[William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester]] (died 1572)
*[[William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester]] (died 1572)
*[[John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester]] (c. 1510–1576)
*[[John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester]] (c. 1510–1576)
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*[[Henry Paulet, 16th Marquess of Winchester|Henry William Montague Paulet, 16th Marquess of Winchester]] (1862–1962)
*[[Henry Paulet, 16th Marquess of Winchester|Henry William Montague Paulet, 16th Marquess of Winchester]] (1862–1962)
*[[Richard Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester|Richard Charles Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester]] (1905–1968)
*[[Richard Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester|Richard Charles Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester]] (1905–1968)
*[[Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester|Nigel George Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester]] (born 1941)
*[[Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester|Nigel George Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester]] (1941–2016)<ref>{{cite book |title=Legal Notices |url=https://gazettes.africa/akn/za/officialGazette/government-gazette-legal-notices-a/2019-11-15/42841-part-1/eng@2019-11-15 |website=South Africa Government Gazette |access-date=30 January 2023 |date=15 November 2019}}</ref>
*Christopher John Hilton Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (born 1969)


==Present peer==
The [[heir apparent]] is the present holder's son [[Christopher Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire|Christopher John Hilton Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire]] (born 1969).<br>
Christopher John Hilton Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (born 30 July 1969) is the son of the 18th Marquess and his wife Rosemary Anne Hilton. From birth until 2016 he was styled formally as Earl of Wiltshire. He was a guitarist with the pop group Wizard.{{Dubious|Played guitar in Wizzard?|date=October 2023}} On 8 April 2016, he succeeded as Marquess of Winchester (1551), Earl of Wiltshire (1550), and Baron St. John (1539), all in the [[peerage of England]].<ref name=Debrett/>
The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son Michael John Paulet, Lord St John of Basing (born 1999).

In 1992, he married Christine Town, daughter of Peter Town, and they have a son, Michael John Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire (born 1999), who is [[heir apparent]] to the peerages.<ref name=Debrett/>

===Line of succession===
{{Collapse top|title={{small|Line of succession}}}}
{{tree list}}
*[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''Charles Paulet, 13th Marquess of Winchester (1764–1843)''
**''Rev. Lord Charles Paulet (1802–1870)''
***''Charles William Paulet (1832–1897)''
****'' Cecil Henry Paulet (1875–1916)''
*****''George Cecil Paulet (1905–1961)''
******[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]] ''Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester (1941–2016)''
*******[[Image:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|35px]]'''Christopher Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester''' (b. 1969)
********'''(1).''' Michael Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire (b. 1999)
*******'''(2).'''Lord Richard George Paulet (b. 1971)
******'''(3).'''Timothy Guy Paulet (b. 1944)
*******'''(4).''' Timothy Guy Paulet (b. 1975)
*******'''(5).''' Michael Raoul Paulet (b. 1976)
{{tree list/end}}
<ref name=Debrett>{{cite book |year=2019|chapter=Winchester, Marquess of |editor1-last=Morris |editor1-first=Susan |editor2-last=Bosberry-Scott |editor2-first=Wendy |editor3-last=Belfield |editor3-first=Gervase |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|volume=1 |edition=150th |location=London |publisher=Debrett's Ltd. |pages=4805–4807 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=978-1-999767-0-5-1}}</ref>
{{collapse bottom}}


==Arms==
==Arms==
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==Family tree==
==Family tree==
{{Winchester and Bolton family tree}}

{{tree chart/start}}
{{tree chart |M1|
M1=[[William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester|William Paulet<br>'''1st Marquess of<br>Winchester''']]<br>died 1572|
boxstyle_M1=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | |!| }}
{{tree chart |M2|
M2=[[John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester|John Paulet<br>'''2nd Marquess of<br>Winchester''']]<br> c. 1517 – 1576|
boxstyle_M2=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | |!| }}
{{tree chart |M3|
M3=[[William Paulet, 3rd Marquess of Winchester|William Paulet<br>'''3rd Marquess of<br>Winchester''']]<br>c. 1535{{snd}}1598|
boxstyle_M3=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | |!| }}
{{tree chart |M4|
M4=[[William Paulet, 4th Marquess of Winchester|William Paulet<br>'''4th Marquess of<br>Winchester''']]<br>c. 1560{{snd}}1628|
boxstyle_M4=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}}
{{tree chart |S1M4| |M5| | | | |S3M4|
S1M4=William Paulet<br>''Earl of Wiltshire''<br>c. 1587/8{{snd}}1621|
M5=[[John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester|John Paulet<br>'''5th Marquess of<br>Winchester''']]<br>c. 1598{{snd}}1674|
S3M4=Lord Henry Paulet<br>died 1672|
boxstyle_M5=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |!| | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart | | | | |D1| | | | |S3M41|
D1=[[Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton|Charles Paulet<br>'''6th Marquess of<br>Winchester<small><br>''later''<br></small>1st Duke of<br>Bolton''']]<br>died 1699|
S3M41=Francis Paulet<br>c. 1645{{snd}}1695/6|
boxstyle_D1=background-color: #E3CEF6
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |!| | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart | | | | |D2| | | | |S3M42|
D2=[[Charles Paulet, 2nd Duke of Bolton|Charles Paulet<br>'''2nd Duke of<br>Bolton'''<br><small>'''7th Marquess of<br>Winchester'''</small>]]<br>1661–1722|
S3M42=Norton Paulet<br>c. 1679{{snd}}1741|
boxstyle_D2=background-color: #E3CEF6
}}
{{tree chart | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart |D3| |D4| | | | |M12|
D3=[[Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton|Charles Powlett<br>'''3rd Duke of <br>Bolton'''<br><small>'''8th Marquess of<br>Winchester'''</small>]]<br>1685–1754|
D4=[[Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Bolton|Harry Powlett<br>'''4th Duke of<br>Bolton'''<br><small>'''9th Marquess of<br>Winchester'''</small>]]<br>1691–1759|
M12=[[George Paulet, 12th Marquess of Winchester|George Paulet<br>'''12th Marquess of<br> Winchester''']]<br>1722–1800|
boxstyle_D3=background-color: #E3CEF6|
boxstyle_D4=background-color: #E3CEF6|
boxstyle_M12=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | |!|}}
{{tree chart | | |D5| |D6| | |M13|
D5=[[Charles Powlett, 5th Duke of Bolton|Charles Powlett<br>'''5th Duke of Bolton'''<br><small>'''10th Marquess of<br>Winchester'''</small>]]<br>died 1765|
D6=[[Harry Powlett, 6th Duke of Bolton|Harry Powlett<br>'''6th Duke of<br>Bolton'''<br><small>'''11th Marquess of<br>Winchester'''</small>]]<br>1720–1794<small><br>''Dukedom of Bolton extinct''</small>|
M13=[[Charles Paulet, 13th Marquess of Winchester|Charles Ingoldsby<br>Paulet<br>'''13th Marquess of<br>Winchester''']]<br>1765–1843|
boxstyle_D5=background-color: #E3CEF6|
boxstyle_D6=background-color: #E3CEF6|
boxstyle_M13=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | ||,|-|^|-|-|-|.|}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | |M14| | | |S2M13|
M14=[[John Paulet, 14th Marquess of Winchester|John Paulet<br>'''14th Marquess of<br>Winchester''']]<br>1801–1887|
S2M13=Lord Charles Paulet<br>1802–1870|
boxstyle_M14=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!|}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | |M15| |M16| |S21M13|
M15=[[Augustus Paulet, 15th Marquess of Winchester|Augustus John<br>Henry Beaumont<br>Paulet<br>'''15th Marquess of<br>Winchester''']]<br>1858–1899|
M16=[[Henry Paulet, 16th Marquess of Winchester|Henry William<br>Montague Paulet<br>'''16th Marquess of<br>Winchester''']]<br>1862–1962|
S21M13=Charles William Paulet<br>1832–1897|
boxstyle_M15=background-color: #E0F3F5|
boxstyle_M16=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| }}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | |S22M13| |S22M13B|
S22M13=Charles Standish Paulet<br>1873–1953|
S22M13B=Cecil Henry Paulet<br>1875–1916
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | |M17| |S23M13B|
M17=[[Richard Paulet, 17th Marquess of Winchester|Richard Charles Paulet<br>'''17th Marquess of<br>Winchester''']]<br>1905–1968|
S23M13B=George Cecil Paulet<br>1905–1961|
boxstyle_M17=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |M18|
M18=[[Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester|Nigel George Paulet<br>'''18th Marquess of<br> Winchester''']]<br>born 1941|
boxstyle_M18=background-color: #E0F3F5
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HA|
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==See also==
==See also==
[[File:James Seymour - The Stables and Two Famous Running Horses belonging to His Grace, the Duke of Bolton - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''The Stables and Two Famous Running Horses belonging to His Grace, the Duke of Bolton'', by [[James Seymour]], 1747]]
[[File:James Seymour - The Stables and Two Famous Running Horses belonging to His Grace, the Duke of Bolton - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''The Stables and Two Famous Running Horses belonging to His Grace, the Duke of Bolton'', by [[James Seymour (artist)|James Seymour]], 1747]]


*[[Baron Bolton]]
*[[Baron Bolton]]

Latest revision as of 10:45, 3 August 2024

Marquessate of Winchester

Sable, three swords pilewise points in base proper pomels and hilts or
Creation date12 October 1551
Created byEdward VI
PeeragePeerage of England
First holderWilliam Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester
Present holderChristopher Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester
Heir apparentMichael Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire
Remainder tothe 1st Earl's heirs male whatsoever
Subsidiary titlesEarl of Wiltshire
Baron St John
StatusExtant
MottoAimez Loyaulté (Love Loyalty)
William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester and Lord High Treasurer of England

Marquess of Winchester is a title in the Peerage of England that was created in 1551 for the prominent statesman William Paulet, 1st Earl of Wiltshire. It is the oldest of six surviving English marquessates; therefore its holder is considered the premier marquess of England. It is also now the only marquessate in the Peerage of England not being subsidiary to a higher title (although it was formerly subsidiary to the extinct Dukedom of Bolton; the other five are all still held by dukes). The current holder is Christopher Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (born 1969), whose son uses the courtesy title Earl of Wiltshire.

History

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The peerage was created in 1551 for the prominent statesman William Paulet, 1st Earl of Wiltshire. The king at the time was Edward VI, who was not of age, and the decision was that of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, who in the same year promoted himself to a dukedom. Paulet had already been created Baron St John in 1539 and Earl of Wiltshire in 1550, also in the Peerage of England. The first marquess was one of the most noted statesmen of his time, serving in high positions under King Henry VIII and his children, and served as Lord High Treasurer of England from 1550 to 1572. He was succeeded by his son, the second marquess, who had been summoned to the House of Lords in his father's lifetime through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron St John. His son, the third marquess, was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration as Lord St John in 1572. His grandson, the fifth marquess, represented St Ives in the House of Commons. During the Civil War he was a strong supporter of King Charles I and became known as "the loyal Marquess". The family seat of Basing House was burnt to the ground by the Parliamentarians during the conflict. During this period, the courtesy title for the heirs apparent of the marquesses was Baron St John; that of Earl of Wiltshire does not seem to have been used, perhaps because of an unsubstantiated tradition that that title was surrendered upon the creation of the marquessate.[1] Another explanation could be possible embarrassment arising from the fact that his son Charles married Mary Scrope, whose father the 11th Lord Scrope of Bolton and 1st Earl of Sunderland, was the direct heir of the original Earl of Wiltshire, beheaded by Henry IV in 1399. The original "Earl of Wiltshire" title had been in abeyance since then.

He was succeeded by his son, the sixth marquess. The sixth marquess was a supporter of King William III and Queen Mary II and was rewarded for his support after the Glorious Revolution when he was created Duke of Bolton. He was succeeded by his son, the second duke, who, as heir apparent to the marquessate in 1675, was the first to adopt the courtesy title of Earl of Wiltshire.[2] The second Duke was a politician and notably served as Lord Chamberlain of the Household and as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. On his death the titles passed to his son, the third duke, who was also a politician. He was a Whig Member of Parliament and served as lord lieutenant of several counties. In 1717 he was meant to be summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron St John (of Basing). However, he was mistakenly summoned as Lord Pawlett of Basing and this inadvertently created a new barony.

However, the barony of Pawlett of Basing became extinct as he had no legitimate offspring while he was succeeded in the other titles by his younger brother, the fourth duke. He notably served as a Lord of the Admiralty and as lord lieutenant of both Hampshire and Glamorganshire. His eldest son, the fifth duke, was a member of Parliament and Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixth duke. He was an admiral of the White. The sixth duke had no sons and on his death in 1794 the dukedom became extinct. Most of the family estates passed to his niece Jean Mary Browne-Powlett, illegitimate daughter of the fifth duke. She was the wife of Thomas Orde, who assumed the additional surname of Powlett and was created Baron Bolton in 1797.

The sixth duke was succeeded in the Barony of St John, the Earldom of Wiltshire and the Marquessate of Winchester by his third cousin once removed George Paulet, who became the twelfth marquess. He was the great-grandson of Lord Henry Paulet, third son of the fourth marquess. He had earlier represented Winchester in Parliament. His son, the thirteenth marquess, was a member of Parliament for Truro and served as Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. In 1839 Lord Winchester assumed the additional surname of Burroughs. He was succeeded by his son, the fourteenth marquess. He was also Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. His son, the fifteenth marquess, was a major in the Coldstream Guards and was killed in action at the Battle of Magersfontein in 1899 during the Second Boer War. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixteenth marquess. He was Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire and Chairman of the Hampshire County Council. On his death in 1962 at the age of 99 the line of the fourteenth marquess failed.

He was succeeded by his first cousin twice removed, the seventeenth marquess. He was the great-grandson of the Reverend Lord Charles Paulet, second son of the thirteenth marquess. On the seventeenth marquess's death in 1968 this line of the family also failed and the title passed to the seventeenth marquess's first cousin once removed, the eighteenth marquess, who died in 2016. Lord Winchester lived in South Africa.

The surname of the later dukes of Bolton is usually spelled "Powlett" rather than "Paulet". This spelling continues to be used by the Orde-Powlett family.

The Marquessate of Winchester is the oldest English marquessate still in existence, and as a result the holder of the peerage is the premier marquess of England. The marquess of Winchester is also the only one in the peerage of England without a higher title; as all other marquesses in that peerage are also dukes.

Earl of Wiltshire is used as the courtesy title of Lord Winchester's eldest son and heir, while Lord Wiltshire's son and heir has the courtesy title Lord St John.

One of the main family seats was Basing House, near Old Basing, Hampshire.

Marquesses of Winchester (1551)

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Dukes of Bolton (1689)

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Heraldic achievement of "'Powlet Duke of Bolton", from The Peerage of England by Arthur Collins, 1768
  • The line was continued by the descendants of the 5th duke's natural daughter whose husband (Thomas Orde) was created Baron Bolton in 1797.

Marquesses of Winchester (1551; reverted)

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Present peer

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Christopher John Hilton Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (born 30 July 1969) is the son of the 18th Marquess and his wife Rosemary Anne Hilton. From birth until 2016 he was styled formally as Earl of Wiltshire. He was a guitarist with the pop group Wizard.[dubious – discuss] On 8 April 2016, he succeeded as Marquess of Winchester (1551), Earl of Wiltshire (1550), and Baron St. John (1539), all in the peerage of England.[4]

In 1992, he married Christine Town, daughter of Peter Town, and they have a son, Michael John Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire (born 1999), who is heir apparent to the peerages.[4]

Line of succession

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Line of succession
  • Charles Paulet, 13th Marquess of Winchester (1764–1843)
    • Rev. Lord Charles Paulet (1802–1870)
      • Charles William Paulet (1832–1897)
        • Cecil Henry Paulet (1875–1916)
          • George Cecil Paulet (1905–1961)
            • Nigel Paulet, 18th Marquess of Winchester (1941–2016)
              • Christopher Paulet, 19th Marquess of Winchester (b. 1969)
                • (1). Michael Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire (b. 1999)
              • (2).Lord Richard George Paulet (b. 1971)
            • (3).Timothy Guy Paulet (b. 1944)
              • (4). Timothy Guy Paulet (b. 1975)
              • (5). Michael Raoul Paulet (b. 1976)

[4]

Arms

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Coat of arms of Marquess of Winchester
Coronet
Coronet of a Marquess
Crest
A Falcon displayed Or belled of the same and ducally collared Gules.
Escutcheon
Sable three Swords in pile points downwards proper pommelled and hilted Or.
Supporters
On either side a Hind Purpure semée of Estoiles and ducally gorged Or.
Motto
Aimez Loyaulté (Love loyalty).

Family tree

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See also

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The Stables and Two Famous Running Horses belonging to His Grace, the Duke of Bolton, by James Seymour, 1747

Notes

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  1. ^ George Edward Cokayne (1898). Complete Peerage. Vol. 5. pp. 172–175.
  2. ^ Doyle, James William Edmund (1886). The Official Baronage of England, v. 1. London: Longmans, Green. p. 200. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  3. ^ Legal Notices. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2023. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  4. ^ a b c Morris, Susan; Bosberry-Scott, Wendy; Belfield, Gervase, eds. (2019). "Winchester, Marquess of". Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (150th ed.). London: Debrett's Ltd. pp. 4805–4807. ISBN 978-1-999767-0-5-1.

References

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