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{{Short description|Musical instrument}}
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{{more footnotes|date=October 2012}}
{{Multiple issues|

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{{More footnotes|date=October 2012}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2017}}}}
{{Infobox instrument
{{Infobox instrument
| names =
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| image = Bendir.jpg
| image = Bebny szamańskie.jpg
| caption = Moroccan [[bendir]] with snares
| caption = Different frame drums
| background =
| background =
| classification =
| classification =
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| articles =
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}}
}}
[[File:Pandeiro new 30-09-07.jpg|thumb|Tambourine]]
[[File:Bodhran.jpg|thumb|Bodhrán with cipín (tipper)]]


A '''frame drum''' is a [[drum]] that has a [[drumhead]] width greater than its depth. Usually the single [[drumhead]] is made of [[rawhide (textile)|rawhide]] or man-made materials. Shells are traditionally constructed of bent wood (rosewood, oak, ash etc.) [[scarf joint]]ed together; plywood and man-made materials are also used. Some frame drums have mechanical tuning and on many the drumhead is stretched and tacked in place. It is the earliest skin drum known to have existed. Examples are found in many places and cultures. It has been suggested<ref>{{cite book|last1=Edwards|first1=Bela|title=Music of the Hebrews|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5fMRAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA399&ots=Hgz7HjPTqU&dq=Sieve%20percussion%20woman%20arabic&pg=PA400#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=The Biblical Repository and Quarterly Observer|accessdate=28 September 2014}}</ref> that they were also used to [[winnowing|winnow]] grain.
A '''frame drum''' is a [[drum]] that has a [[drumhead]] width greater than its depth. It is one of the most ancient musical instruments, and perhaps the first drum to be invented.{{cn|date=November 2023}} It has a single [[drumhead]] that is usually made of [[rawhide (textile)|rawhide]], but man-made materials may also be used. Some frame drums have mechanical tuning, while on many others the drumhead is tacked in place. The drumhead is stretched over a round, wooden frame called a shell. The shell is traditionally constructed of rosewood, oak, ash etc. that has been bent and then [[scarf joint]]ed together; though some are also made of plywood or man-made materials. Metal rings or [[Jingle (percussion)|jingles]] may also be attached to the frame. In many cultures {{which?|date=November 2023}} larger frame drums are played mainly by men in spiritual ceremonies, while medium-size drums are played mainly by women. {{cn|date=November 2023}}

The frame drum is one of the most ancient musical instruments; it is reputed to be the first drum to be invented. Frame drums are often constructed with a round, wooden frame. Metal rings or [[Jingle (percussion)|jingles]] may also be attached to the frame. Larger frame drums are played mainly by men in spiritual ceremonies; medium-size drums are played mainly by women.


==Types of frame drums==
==Types of frame drums==
{{Columns-list|colwidth=20em|
*[[Adufe]] (Portugal)
*[[Adufe]] (Portugal)
*[[Bendir]] (North Africa, Turkey)
*[[Bendir]] (North Africa, Turkey)
*[[Bodhrán]] (Ireland)
*[[Bodhrán]] (Ireland)
*[[Buben]] (Russia)
*[[Buben]] (Ukraine)
*[[Crowdy-crawn]] (Cornwall)
*[[Crowdy-crawn]] (Cornwall)
*[[Cultrun]] (Chile, Argentina)
*[[Daf]] (Iran, Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Middle East)
*[[Daf]] (Iran, Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Middle East)
*[[Daires]] (Greece)
*Daires (Greece)
*Duff, daff, daffli (India)
*Duff, daff, daffli (India)
*Epirotiko Defi (Greece)
*Epirotiko Defi (Greece)
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*[[Dhyāngro]] (Nepal)
*[[Dhyāngro]] (Nepal)
*[[Ghaval]] (Azerbaijan)
*[[Ghaval]] (Azerbaijan)
*[[Gumbe (drum)|Gumbe]] (Sierra Leone, Caribbean)
*[[Kanjira]] (India)
*[[Kanjira]] (India)
*[[Lag-na]] (Tibet)
*[[Mazhar]] (Egypt)
*[[Mazhar]] (Egypt)
*[[Pandeiro]] (Brazil)
*[[Pandeiro]] (Brazil)
*[[Pandereta or Pandero]] (Puerto Rico)
*[[Pandereta plenera]] (Puerto Rico)
*[[Pandereta]] (tuna, rondalla, estudiantina - Spain, Philippines and LatinAmerica)
*[[Pandereta]] (tuna, rondalla, estudiantina - Spain, Philippines and Latin America)
*[[Pandero]] (España)
*[[Pandero]] (España)
*[[Pandero cuequero]] (Chile)
* Pandero cuequero (Chile)
*[[Pandero jarocho]] (Mexico)
*[[Pandero jarocho]] (Mexico)
*[[Parai]] (India, Sri Lanka)
*[[Parai]] (India, Sri Lanka)
*[[Patayani thappu]] (India)
*[[Patayani thappu]] (India)
*[[Ramana (drum)|Ramana]] (Thailand)
*[[Ramana (drum)|Ramana]] (Thailand)
*[[Rapa'i]] (Aceh, Indonesia)
*Rapa'i (Aceh, Indonesia)
*[[Ravann]] (Mauritius)
*Ravann (Mauritius)
*[[Rebana]] (Southeast Asia)
*[[Rebana]] (Southeast Asia)
*[[Riddle drum]] (England)
*[[Riddle drum]] (England)
*[[Riq]] (Arabic world)
*[[Riq]] (Arabic world)
*[[Sami drum]] (Nordic and Russia)
*[[Sámi drum]] (Nordic and Russia)
*Shaman drum
*[[Sakara drum]] (Nigeria)
*[[Shamanic music#Shaman's drum]]
*[[Tamborim]] (Brazil)
*[[Tamborim]] (Brazil)
*[[Tambourine]] (Europe, USA)
*[[Tambourine]] (Europe, USA)
*[[Tamboutsia]] (Cyprus)
*Tamboutsia (Cyprus)
*[[Tamburello (drum)|Tamburello]] (Italy)
* Tamburello (Italy) <small>''see [[tambourine]]''</small>
*[[Tammorra]] (Italy)
*Tammorra (Italy)
*[[Tar (drum)|Tar]] (Middle East, North Africa)
*[[Tar (drum)|Tar]] (Middle East, North Africa)
*[[Thappu]] (India)
*[[Thappu]] (India)
*Toph, Tupim (Israel)
*[[Timbrel|Tof]] (Israel)
*Uchiwa daiko (Japan)
*[[Timbrel]]
*[[Uchiwa daiko]] (Japan)
*[[Skor yike|Yike]] (Cambodia)}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
* Liene Žeimunde (June 17, 2020) [https://eng.lsm.lv/article/culture/culture/step-by-step-leather-drum.a363768/ Step by step: leather drum]. [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]]


{{Frame drums}}

{{Membranophones}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Drums]]
[[Category:Drums]]
[[Category:Medicine drums]]
[[Category:Medicine drums]]
[[Category:Percussion instruments]]
[[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]
[[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]

Latest revision as of 18:16, 3 August 2024

Frame drum
Different frame drums
Hornbostel–Sachs classification211.3
(Membranophone)
Musicians
Tambourine
Bodhrán with cipín (tipper)

A frame drum is a drum that has a drumhead width greater than its depth. It is one of the most ancient musical instruments, and perhaps the first drum to be invented.[citation needed] It has a single drumhead that is usually made of rawhide, but man-made materials may also be used. Some frame drums have mechanical tuning, while on many others the drumhead is tacked in place. The drumhead is stretched over a round, wooden frame called a shell. The shell is traditionally constructed of rosewood, oak, ash etc. that has been bent and then scarf jointed together; though some are also made of plywood or man-made materials. Metal rings or jingles may also be attached to the frame. In many cultures [which?] larger frame drums are played mainly by men in spiritual ceremonies, while medium-size drums are played mainly by women. [citation needed]

Types of frame drums

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References

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