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{{Short description|Species of orchid}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| name = White china orchid
| name = White china orchid
| image = Cyanicula ixioides subsp. ixioides (8481323903).jpg
| image = Cyanicula ixioides subsp. ixioides (8481323903).jpg
| image_caption = ''Caladenia ixioides'' growing near [[Wundowie, Western Australia|Wundowie]]
| image_caption = ''Cyanicula ixioides'' growing near [[Wundowie, Western Australia|Wundowie]]
| genus = Caladenia
| genus = Cyanicula
| species = ixioides
| species = ixioides
| authority = [[Lindl.]]<ref name="WCSP">{{WCSP | 28607 | ''Caladenia ixioides'' }}</ref>
| authority = ([[Lindl.]]) [[Stephen Hopper|Hopper]] & [[A.P.Br.]]<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Cyanicula ixioides'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/142868 |website=Australian Plant Census |accessdate=14 October 2023}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="WCSP" />
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" />
| synonyms =
| synonyms = * ''Caladenia gemmata'' var. ''ixioides'' <small>([[Lindl]].) [[Alfred James Ewart|Ewart]] & [[Jean White-Haney|Jean White]]</small>
* ''Cyanicula ixioides'' <small>(Lindl.) [[Stephen Hopper|Hopper]] & [[A.P.Br.]]</small>
* ''Caladenia gemmata'' var. ''ixioides'' <small>(Lindl.) [[Alfred James Ewart|Ewart]] & [[Jean White-Haney|Jean White]]</small>
* ''Pentisea ixioides'' <small>(Lindl.) [[Szlach.]]</small>
* ''Caladenia ixioides'' <small>Lindl.</small>
* ''Caladenia gemmata'' f. ''lutea'' <small>[[Stephen Chapman Clemesha|Clemesha]]</small>
* ''Cyanicula ixioides'' <small>Paczk. & A.R.Chapm. nom. inval.</small>
* ''Cyanicula ixioides'' subsp. ''candida'' <small>Hopper & A.P.Br.</small>
* ''Pentisea ixioides'' <small>(Lindl.) Szlach.</small>
}}
}}


'''''Caladenia ixioides''''', commonly known as the '''white china orchid''',<ref name="Jones" /> is a plant in the orchid family [[Orchidaceae]] and is [[endemism|endemic]] to the [[Southwest Australia|south-west]] of [[Western Australia]]. It has a single, broad, flattened leaf and up to three yellow or white flowers. It mostly only occurs in woodlands and forest near [[Perth]]. It was previously known as ''Cyanicula ixioides''.
'''''Cyanicula ixioides''''', commonly known as the '''white china orchid''',<ref name="Jones" /> is a plant in the orchid family [[Orchidaceae]] and is [[endemism|endemic]] to the [[Southwest Australia|south-west]] of [[Western Australia]]. It has a single, broad, flattened leaf and up to three yellow or white flowers. It mostly only occurs in woodlands and forest near [[Perth]].


== Description ==
== Description ==
''Caladenia ixioides'' is a terrestrial, [[Perennial plant|perennial]], [[deciduous]], [[Herbaceous plant|herb]] with an underground [[tuber]]. It has a single flattened leaf, {{convert|20-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|15-20|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and reddish-purple underneath. Up to three white or yellow flowers {{convert|30-50|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and wide are borne on a stalk {{convert|40-150|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall. The [[wikt:dorsal|dorsal]] [[sepal]] is erect, {{convert|20-25|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|7-8|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide. The [[wikt:lateral|lateral]] sepals and petals have about the same dimensions as the dorsal sepal. The [[Labellum (botany)|labellum]] is {{convert|5-9|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|3-5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide, pale yellow or white with purple stripes. The sides of the labellum have short teeth, the tip curves downwards and there are many rows of short bead-like [[Labellum (botany)|calli]] covering the labellum. Flowering occurs from September to October.<ref name="Jones">{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|page =30}}</ref><ref name=Brown>{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Andrew|last2=Dundas|first2=Pat|last3=Dixon|first3=Kingsley|last4=Hopper|first4=Stephen|title=Orchids of Western Australia|date=2008|publisher=University of Western Australia Press|location=Crawley, Western Australia|isbn=9780980296457|page=190}}</ref><ref name=Hoffman>{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Noel|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew|title=Orchids of South-West Australia|date=2011|publisher=Noel Hoffman|location=Gooseberry Hill|isbn=9780646562322|pages =201–202|edition=3rd}}</ref>
''Cyanicula ixioides'' is a terrestrial, [[Perennial plant|perennial]], [[deciduous]], [[Herbaceous plant|herb]] with an underground [[tuber]]. It has a single flattened leaf, {{convert|20-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|15-20|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and reddish-purple underneath. Up to three white or yellow flowers {{convert|30-50|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and wide are borne on a stalk {{convert|40-150|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall. The [[wikt:dorsal|dorsal]] [[sepal]] is erect, {{convert|20-25|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|7-8|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide. The [[wikt:lateral|lateral]] sepals and petals have about the same dimensions as the dorsal sepal. The [[Labellum (botany)|labellum]] is {{convert|5-9|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|3-5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide, pale yellow or white with purple stripes. The sides of the labellum have short teeth, the tip curves downwards and there are many rows of short bead-like [[Labellum (botany)|calli]] covering the labellum. Flowering occurs from September to October.<ref name="Jones">{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|page =30}}</ref><ref name=Brown>{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Andrew|last2=Dundas|first2=Pat|last3=Dixon|first3=Kingsley|last4=Hopper|first4=Stephen|title=Orchids of Western Australia|date=2008|publisher=University of Western Australia Press|location=Crawley, Western Australia|isbn=9780980296457|page=190}}</ref><ref name=Hoffman>{{cite book|last1=Hoffman|first1=Noel|last2=Brown|first2=Andrew|title=Orchids of South-West Australia|date=2011|publisher=Noel Hoffman|location=Gooseberry Hill|isbn=9780646562322|pages =201–202|edition=3rd}}</ref>


== Taxonomy and naming ==
== Taxonomy and naming ==
''Caladenia ixioides'' was first formally described in 1840 by [[John Lindley]] and the description was published in ''[[A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Caladenia ixioides''|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/513922|publisher=APNI|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref> In 2000, [[Stephen Hopper]] and [[Andrew Phillip Brown|Andrew Brown]] changed the name to ''Cyanicula ixioides'',<ref name=APNI(1)>{{cite web|title=''Cyanicula ixioides''|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/574728|publisher=APNI|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref> but in 2015, as a result of studies of [[molecular phylogenetics]] [[Mark Alwin Clements|Mark Clements]] changed the name back to ''Caladenia ixioides''.<ref name="AJB">{{cite journal|last1=Clements|first1=Mark A.|last2=Howard|first2=Christopher G.|last3=Miller|first3=Joseph T.|title=Caladenia revisited: Results of molecular phylogenetic analyses of Caladeniinae plastid and nuclear loci|journal=American Journal of Botany|date=13 April 2015|volume=102|issue=4|pages=581–597|doi=10.3732/ajb.1500021|pmid=25878091}}</ref> The [[Botanical nomenclature|specific epithet]] (''ixioides'') refers to a perceived similarity of this orchid to plants in the [[genus]] ''[[Ixia]]''. The [[wikt:suffix|suffix]] ''oides'' means "likeness" in [[Latin]].<ref name="Brown" /><ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page =483}}</ref>
White china orchid was first formally described in 1840 by [[John Lindley]] who gave it the name ''Caladenia ixioides'' in ''[[A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony]]''.<ref name=APNI(1)>{{cite web|title=''Caladenia ixioides''|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/513922|publisher=APNI|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref> In 2000, [[Stephen Hopper]] and [[Andrew Phillip Brown|Andrew Brown]] transferred the species to ''Cyanicula'' as ''C. ixioides''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Cyanicula ixioides''|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/574728|publisher=APNI|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref> The [[Binomial nomenclature|specific epithet]] (''ixioides'') means "''[[Ixia]]''-like", referring to the flower shape.<ref name="Brown" />


== Distribution and habitat ==
== Distribution and habitat ==
This caladenia is mostly found between [[York, Western Australia|York]] and [[Bindoon, Western Australia|Bindoon]] in the [[Avon Wheatbelt]], [[Jarrah Forest]] and [[Swan Coastal Plain]] [[IBRA|biogeographic regions]], growing in forest and woodland under [[Eucalyptus wandoo|wandoo]] and [[Eucalyptus marginata|jarrah]].<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="Brown" /><ref name="Hoffman" /><ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Cyanicula ixioides''|id=13826}}</ref>
''Cyanicula ixioides'' is mostly found between [[York, Western Australia|York]] and [[Bindoon, Western Australia|Bindoon]] in the [[Avon Wheatbelt]], [[Jarrah Forest]] and [[Swan Coastal Plain]] [[IBRA|biogeographic regions]], growing in forest and woodland under [[Eucalyptus wandoo|wandoo]] and [[Eucalyptus marginata|jarrah]].<ref name="Jones" /><ref name="Brown" /><ref name="Hoffman" /><ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Cyanicula ixioides''|id=13826}}</ref>


== Conservation ==
== Conservation ==
''Caladenia ixioides'' is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]].<ref name="FloraBase" />
''Cyanicula ixioides'' is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]].<ref name="FloraBase" />


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q10262576}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q10262576|from2=Q59913132}}


[[Category:Caladenia|ixioides]]
[[Category:Cyanicula|ixioides]]
[[Category:Endemic orchids of Australia]]
[[Category:Endemic orchids of Australia]]
[[Category:Orchids of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Orchids of Western Australia]]

Latest revision as of 08:24, 5 August 2024

White china orchid
Cyanicula ixioides growing near Wundowie
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Cyanicula
Species:
C. ixioides
Binomial name
Cyanicula ixioides
Synonyms[1]
  • Caladenia gemmata var. ixioides (Lindl.) Ewart & Jean White
  • Caladenia ixioides Lindl.
  • Cyanicula ixioides Paczk. & A.R.Chapm. nom. inval.
  • Pentisea ixioides (Lindl.) Szlach.

Cyanicula ixioides, commonly known as the white china orchid,[2] is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single, broad, flattened leaf and up to three yellow or white flowers. It mostly only occurs in woodlands and forest near Perth.

Description

[edit]

Cyanicula ixioides is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. It has a single flattened leaf, 20–40 mm (0.8–2 in) long, 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) wide and reddish-purple underneath. Up to three white or yellow flowers 30–50 mm (1–2 in) long and wide are borne on a stalk 40–150 mm (2–6 in) tall. The dorsal sepal is erect, 20–25 mm (0.8–1 in) long and 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) wide. The lateral sepals and petals have about the same dimensions as the dorsal sepal. The labellum is 5–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long, 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide, pale yellow or white with purple stripes. The sides of the labellum have short teeth, the tip curves downwards and there are many rows of short bead-like calli covering the labellum. Flowering occurs from September to October.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming

[edit]

White china orchid was first formally described in 1840 by John Lindley who gave it the name Caladenia ixioides in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony.[5] In 2000, Stephen Hopper and Andrew Brown transferred the species to Cyanicula as C. ixioides.[6] The specific epithet (ixioides) means "Ixia-like", referring to the flower shape.[3]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Cyanicula ixioides is mostly found between York and Bindoon in the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions, growing in forest and woodland under wandoo and jarrah.[2][3][4][7]

Conservation

[edit]

Cyanicula ixioides is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Cyanicula ixioides". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 30. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. ^ a b c Brown, Andrew; Dundas, Pat; Dixon, Kingsley; Hopper, Stephen (2008). Orchids of Western Australia. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. p. 190. ISBN 9780980296457.
  4. ^ a b Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. pp. 201–202. ISBN 9780646562322.
  5. ^ "Caladenia ixioides". APNI. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  6. ^ "Cyanicula ixioides". APNI. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  7. ^ a b "Cyanicula ixioides". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
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