Shirke: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
No edit summary |
||
| (87 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Clan in Maharashtra, India}} |
{{Short description|Clan in Maharashtra and Goa, India}} |
||
{{Copy edit|date=February 2024}} |
|||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} |
||
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} |
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} |
||
The '''Shirke''' is a [[Maratha clan]], found largely in [[Maharashtra]] and bordering states of India. Shirke word derives from [[Sanskrit]] word "Shir", which means head. Remainder suffix "Ke" must have derived later from [[Urdu]] language, which means [[apostrophe]] "s". Hence, Shirke can be translated as Head's. [[Baburao Govindrao Shirke]] was an Indian businessman, who was awarded with one of the highest civilian awards [[Padma Shri]] in 2003. Often Rao or [[Raje]] is added before the surname Shirke, which was the [[title]] padvi given to their specific family. |
|||
The '''Shirke''' is a [[Clan|clan]] ([[Gotra]]) found in several castes such as [[Koli people|Koli]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hassan |first=Syed Siraj ul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&dq=Kadam+Koli+nizam&pg=PA335 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |year=1989 |isbn=978-81-206-0488-9 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]] |pages=335: Koli [[clan]]s of [[Maharashtra]]: Bhagiwant, Budiwant, [[Bhonsle]], Kadam, Aghasee, [[Chavan]], Dagai, [[Dalvi]], [[Gaekwad]], Gowli, [[Jagtap]], Kedar, Kharad, Khirsagar, [[Namdev]], [[Pawar]], Polevas, [[Shiva|Shiv]], Sirkhi (Shirke), [[Suryavansha|Suryavanshi]], Utercha, [[Sagar (caste)|Sagar]], Shaikhacha, Shesh, Vanalpal |language=en}}</ref> [[Maratha (caste)|Maratha]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karve |first=Irawati Karmarkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jp6AAAAAMAAJ |title=Kinship Organisation in India |date=1953 |publisher=Deccana College Post-graduate and Research Institute |pages=157 |language=en}}</ref> [[Agri (caste)|Agri]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shrivastavya |first=Vidayanand Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l7w9AAAAIAAJ |title=Are Rajput-Maratha Marriages Morganatic? |date=1952 |publisher=D.K. Shrivastavya |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=127 |language=en}}</ref> found largely in [[Maharashtra]] and bordering states of India. |
|||
Inspite, before & after the independence of [[India]] many families from diverse background in [[Maharashtra]] used the surname Shirke to show the social prestige that they had gained with hardship. Similar to the great Indian jurist Dr. B. R. [[Ambedkar]], who had written the constitution of India, who had changed his surname for the good reason. |
|||
==History== |
==History== |
||
The |
The Shirke clan held [[Deshmukh]]i rights in the areas of coastal [[Konkan]] in present day state of [[Maharashtra]] and some inland areas of Western Maharashtra during 15th century under the [[Bahamani Sultanate]] and in 16th and 17th century under the successor [[Deccan sultanates]] of [[Adilshahi]] and [[Nizamshahi]].<ref name="jstor.org">{{cite journal|last1=Kulkarni|first1=G.T.|title=Deccan (Maharashtra) Under the Muslim Rulers From Khaljis to Shivaji: A Study in Interaction, Profesor S.M. Katre Felicitation|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|date=1992|volume=51/52|pages=501–510|jstor=42930434}}</ref> During the Bahamani era, the seat of Shirke fief was at Khelna ([[Vishalgad]]).<ref name="Ali1996">{{cite book|author=Shanti Sadiq Ali|title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PR9|year=1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-0485-1|pages=45–46}}</ref> The Shirkes intermarried with the [[Surve]]s and kept command over their regions. In the mid 17th century, [[Shivaji]], the founder of [[Maratha empire]] got the Surve and Shirke to join him by force or by forming marital alliances.{{sfn|Gordon|1993|p=69,85}} |
||
The Shirkes were relatives of Bhosale rulers such as [[Shahaji]], [[Shivaji]], [[Sambhaji]], [[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]] and [[Shahu I|Shahu]]. Although Sambhaji's wife, [[Yesubai]] came from the Shirke family, his positions were spied upon. Sambhaji and 25 of his advisors were captured by the Mughal forces of [[Muqarrab Khan]] in a skirmish at [[Sangameshwar]] in February 1689.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813|last=Mehta|first=Jaswant Lal|date=2005-01-01|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=9781932705546|language=en}}</ref> Shahu married Sakwarbai from the Shirke family. Just like Tarabai, she was an ambitious lady and acted as an advisor to her husband. In the 1740s she had to fight both the Peshwa, and Tarabai for influence at the court.After Shahu's death in 1749, she was forced to commit sati under pressure from the peshwa, Tarabai and her own brother, Kuwarjee Shirke.<ref>Vaidya, S. “ROLE OF SAKWARBAI & SAGUNABAI-QUEENS OF SHAHU IN MARATHA HISTORY 1730-49.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 28, 1966, pp. 311–18. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44140447. Accessed 31 May 2024.</ref> |
|||
== Ikshwaku Lineage == |
|||
The Shirke family has been the descent of [[Ikshwaku]] Sri [[Rama]] dynasty, [[Suryavansh]]. The ancestors of Shirke family were educated in Kirshna [[Yajurveda]]. The Shirke family's Kulaswamini Shirakai has had been the [[Kanchipuram]] [[Kamakshi]]. In Kanchipuram Kanchi temple Maharaj [[Dasharatha]] performed "putra kameshti yajnya" for having powerful sons, which has been mentioned in the [[Ramayana]] bala kanda & Kamakshi Vilasam text. Shirakai & Kamakshi both have been famously represented as the head of the Sree Devi in [[shakta]] sect. Though the records of [[Adi Shankaracharya]] had been pacifying the fearsome idol of Kanchi [[Kamakshi]] during his lifetime are with the Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham. [[File:The seal ring of Shirke family that was kept by Chatrapti Shivaji Maharaj in his praying room next to the idol of Sri Shirkai devi & Sri Bhavani devi.jpg|thumb|The seal ring of Head's King that Maharaja [[Shivaji]] kept in his Pooja Ghar next to the Golden idols of Sri Shirakai & Aai [[Bhavani]]. Written; श्री शिर्के राजे करण गो अण् धिकारी, The Head's King land/written/document cow & ownership.]] The connection of [[Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham]] with [[Raigad fort]] Gadaswamni Shirakai devi had been one of the major reasons that Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj decided to make Raigad as the capital of [[Maratha Empire]]. |
|||
| ⚫ | The Shirke were relations and confidantes of the Raja Pratapsinha of the short lived [[Satara state]]. He also sent a member of the Shirke family to London to plead his case of restoring him to power in 1839.<ref name="Kulkarni1995">{{cite book|author=Sumitra Kulkarni|title=The Satara Raj, 1818-1848: A Study in History, Administration, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SYOSHaZnBy8C&pg=PP15|year=1995|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-581-4|pages=25, 33}}</ref> |
||
The Shirke has been the close relatives of 17th Bhosale rulers, [[Shahaji]], [[Shivaji]], [[Sambhaji]], and [[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]]. The marital relationship between Shirke & Bhosle has been maintained up until now. |
|||
== Contribution to Maratha Empire == |
|||
The false involvement of Shirke family into the capture of Chatrapati <nowiki>Sambhaji</nowiki> Maharaj can be understood when it is seen that the son of [[Sambhaji]] Maharaj, [[Shahu I]] married to Sakuvarabai Shirke. In addition, just after the death of Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, when the bloodshed of Chatrapati Sambhaji was still haunting the conscious of Maratha kingdom, at such time [[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]] Maharaj ascended the throne out of no choice. Yet again, Chatrapati Rajaram Maharaj trusted the help of Shirke family to escape himself safely to the [[Jinji fort]]. Both these indecents confirm that Shirke family wasn't involved in the betrayal and in fact they have been the close trust worthy arm force of Bhosle family & the [[maratha empire]]. Therefore, it has to be understood that Shirke has been one of the integral & trustworthy part of Maratha Intelligence Cell called '''Ganimi Kava'''. |
|||
The Shirkes had been the dominant naval force of Maratha Empire. In 17th century over 300 naval ships controlled the western coast of India by the naval commander in chief Sri. Shankarrao Raje Shirke. In December 2023, the prime minister Modi led government of India has noticed the contribution of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj & his advanced marine navy, therefore changed the current ensign of Indian navy that which resonates with centuries old maratha navy. |
|||
The contribution of Shirke family towards the Swaraj has been unprecedented. Yet, later during the [[Peshwa]] Raj the Marath's history has been purposefully tampered for the wasted interest by few Bramhins like Annaji Datto & Ranganathan. The death of Sambhaji Maharaj is one of such historic incidents. |
|||
=== The death of Smabhji Maharaj === |
|||
[[François Martin (Pondicherry)]], a French man had mentioned in his diary the culprits of Sambhaji Maharaj's capture. Martin's diary says that the close Bramhnis betrayed Sambhaji Maharaj, hence the Sambhaji was captured by Mughal army, therefore the whole south India was in a major chaos at the time. Martin's french diary dates the incident on page 'Mars 1689' is available on the internet archive. The original copies of the diary is safe in Paris museum at the moment. |
|||
=== London, House of Commons === |
|||
| ⚫ | The Shirke |
||
== See also == |
== See also == |
||
* [[Maratha]] |
|||
* [[Maratha Empire]] |
|||
* [[Maratha clan system]] |
* [[Maratha clan system]] |
||
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]] |
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]] |
||
* [[Bhonsle]] |
* [[Bhonsle (clan)]] |
||
* [[Gaekwad]] |
* [[Gaekwad]] |
||
* [[Scindia]] |
* [[House of Scindia]] |
||
* [[ |
* [[Parmar (clan)]] |
||
* [[Holkar]] |
* [[House of Holkar|Holkar]] |
||
* [[Peshwa]] |
* [[Peshwa]] |
||
* [[Ikshwaku]] |
|||
* [[Rama]] |
|||
* [[Kanchipuram]] |
|||
* [[Raigad fort]] |
|||
* [[Kamakshi]] |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
==Bibliography== |
|||
{{refbegin|30em}} |
|||
* {{citation |last=Gordon |first=Stewart |author-link=Stewart N. Gordon |title=The Marathas 1600–1818 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C |date=1993 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-26883-7 }} |
|||
** {{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Stewart|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C|title=The Marathas 1600–1818|date= 2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03316-9|language=en}} |
|||
{{refend}} |
|||
=== Further reading === |
=== Further reading === |
||
{{refbegin}} |
|||
* {{cite book|author=S.R. Bakshi|title=Advanced history of medieval India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDjzm-hdzq0C&pg=PA391|accessdate=20 May 2011|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|isbn=978-81-7488-028-4|pages=391–}} |
* {{cite book|author=S.R. Bakshi|title=Advanced history of medieval India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDjzm-hdzq0C&pg=PA391|accessdate=20 May 2011|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|isbn=978-81-7488-028-4|pages=391–}} |
||
{{refend}} |
|||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shirke, Shirkhe}} |
|||
[[Category:Maratha clans]] |
[[Category:Maratha clans]] |
||
Latest revision as of 08:59, 5 August 2024
The Shirke is a clan (Gotra) found in several castes such as Koli,[1] Maratha,[2] Agri,[3] found largely in Maharashtra and bordering states of India.
History
[edit]The Shirke clan held Deshmukhi rights in the areas of coastal Konkan in present day state of Maharashtra and some inland areas of Western Maharashtra during 15th century under the Bahamani Sultanate and in 16th and 17th century under the successor Deccan sultanates of Adilshahi and Nizamshahi.[4] During the Bahamani era, the seat of Shirke fief was at Khelna (Vishalgad).[5] The Shirkes intermarried with the Surves and kept command over their regions. In the mid 17th century, Shivaji, the founder of Maratha empire got the Surve and Shirke to join him by force or by forming marital alliances.[6]
The Shirkes were relatives of Bhosale rulers such as Shahaji, Shivaji, Sambhaji, Rajaram and Shahu. Although Sambhaji's wife, Yesubai came from the Shirke family, his positions were spied upon. Sambhaji and 25 of his advisors were captured by the Mughal forces of Muqarrab Khan in a skirmish at Sangameshwar in February 1689.[7] Shahu married Sakwarbai from the Shirke family. Just like Tarabai, she was an ambitious lady and acted as an advisor to her husband. In the 1740s she had to fight both the Peshwa, and Tarabai for influence at the court.After Shahu's death in 1749, she was forced to commit sati under pressure from the peshwa, Tarabai and her own brother, Kuwarjee Shirke.[8]
The Shirke were relations and confidantes of the Raja Pratapsinha of the short lived Satara state. He also sent a member of the Shirke family to London to plead his case of restoring him to power in 1839.[9]
See also
[edit]- Maratha clan system
- List of Maratha dynasties and states
- Bhonsle (clan)
- Gaekwad
- House of Scindia
- Parmar (clan)
- Holkar
- Peshwa
References
[edit]- ^ Hassan, Syed Siraj ul (1989). The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions. New Delhi, India: Asian Educational Services. pp. 335: Koli clans of Maharashtra: Bhagiwant, Budiwant, Bhonsle, Kadam, Aghasee, Chavan, Dagai, Dalvi, Gaekwad, Gowli, Jagtap, Kedar, Kharad, Khirsagar, Namdev, Pawar, Polevas, Shiv, Sirkhi (Shirke), Suryavanshi, Utercha, Sagar, Shaikhacha, Shesh, Vanalpal. ISBN 978-81-206-0488-9.
- ^ Karve, Irawati Karmarkar (1953). Kinship Organisation in India. Deccana College Post-graduate and Research Institute. p. 157.
- ^ Shrivastavya, Vidayanand Swami (1952). Are Rajput-Maratha Marriages Morganatic?. New Delhi, India, Asia: D.K. Shrivastavya. p. 127.
- ^ Kulkarni, G.T. (1992). "Deccan (Maharashtra) Under the Muslim Rulers From Khaljis to Shivaji: A Study in Interaction, Profesor S.M. Katre Felicitation". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 51/52: 501–510. JSTOR 42930434.
- ^ Shanti Sadiq Ali (1996). The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. Orient Blackswan. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-81-250-0485-1.
- ^ Gordon 1993, p. 69,85.
- ^ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1 January 2005). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 9781932705546.
- ^ Vaidya, S. “ROLE OF SAKWARBAI & SAGUNABAI-QUEENS OF SHAHU IN MARATHA HISTORY 1730-49.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 28, 1966, pp. 311–18. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44140447. Accessed 31 May 2024.
- ^ Sumitra Kulkarni (1995). The Satara Raj, 1818-1848: A Study in History, Administration, and Culture. Mittal Publications. pp. 25, 33. ISBN 978-81-7099-581-4.
Bibliography
[edit]- Gordon, Stewart (1993), The Marathas 1600–1818, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26883-7
- Gordon, Stewart (2007). The Marathas 1600–1818. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-03316-9.
Further reading
[edit]- S.R. Bakshi (1 January 2003). Advanced history of medieval India. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. pp. 391–. ISBN 978-81-7488-028-4. Retrieved 20 May 2011.