Anna of Hohenstaufen: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Empress of Nicaea, from 1244 to 1254}} |
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{{Infobox royalty |
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|image=Santjoanhospital_constança.jpg |
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|succession = [[List of Roman and Byzantine empresses|Empress consort of Nicaea]] |
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|reign = 1244–1254 |
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|consort = yes |
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|spouse = [[John III Doukas Vatatzes]] |
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|father =[[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]] |
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|mother = [[Bianca Lancia]] |
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|birth_date =1230 |
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|birth_place = |
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|death_date = April 1307 (age 76–77) |
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==Empress== |
==Empress== |
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She married Nicaean Emperor [[John III Doukas Vatatzes]] as part of an alliance between her father and her husband. Some historians regard the alliance as a result of their common hostility to the [[papacy]].<ref>Alice Gardner, ''The Lascarids of Nicaea: the Story of an Empire in Exile'' (1912–1913)</ref> |
She married Nicaean Emperor [[John III Doukas Vatatzes]] as part of an alliance between her father and her husband. Some historians regard the alliance as a result of their common hostility to the [[papacy]].<ref>Alice Gardner, ''The Lascarids of Nicaea: the Story of an Empire in Exile'' (1912–1913)</ref> The marriage occurred in 1244; it is recorded by the chronicles of both [[George Acropolites]] and [[George Pachymeres]]. Constance took the name ''Anna'' following her marriage. Constance was only 14, and was accompanied to Nicaea by a governess, the Marchesa della Fricca. According to George Acropolites the governess became the mistress of John III and "rival in love" of Anna. |
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In time the Marchesa came to have considerable influence at court. [[Nicephorus Blemmydes]] called her "rival empress". However Blemmydes' negative criticism resulted in an attempt at his life by her followers. Blemmydes survived, and Marchesa lost the favor of John III, who dismissed her from court. Blemmydes' account was later included in his autobiography. |
In time the Marchesa came to have considerable influence at court. [[Nicephorus Blemmydes]] called her "rival empress". However Blemmydes' negative criticism resulted in an attempt at his life by her followers. Blemmydes survived, and Marchesa lost the favor of John III, who dismissed her from court. Blemmydes' account was later included in his autobiography. |
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==Widow== |
==Widow== |
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Constance remained empress until the death of her husband on 3 November 1254. Her stepson [[Theodore II Laskaris]] succeeded to the throne. By that time Frederick II had also died. Pachymeres |
Constance remained empress until the death of her husband on 3 November 1254. Her stepson [[Theodore II Laskaris]] succeeded to the throne. By that time Frederick II had also died. Pachymeres records her staying in Nicaea through the reigns of both Theodore II (1254–1258) and her step-grandson [[John IV Laskaris]] (1259–1261). Alice Gardner suggested that she was still politically useful as a hostage against the remaining members of the [[House of Hohenstaufen]], particularly her brother [[Manfred of Sicily]]. |
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John IV was underage through his brief reign. His regent and co-ruler was [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]], who maneuvered John IV aside. After the Nicaeans regained [[Constantinople]] and re-established the [[Byzantine Empire]], Michael deposed John IV and later [[Political mutilation in the Byzantine culture|blinded him]]. According to Pachymeres, around this time Michael fell in love with Anna and attempted to marry her, but the widowed Empress rejected him. Deno Geanakoplos points out "what militates against Pachymeres' statement, however, is the question why Michael, merely for love of Anna, would be willing to risk almost certain excommunication by the [[Arsenios I of Constantinople|Patriarch Arsenios]] without the gaining of an important political benefit." Michael's aim was to gain an alliance with Manfred, but with Anna's refusal, the anger of [[Theodora Doukaina Vatatzina|his own wife]], and threat of ecclesiastical censure by Arsenios, Michael dropped the proposal. She was given magnificent presents and allowed to leave the new court for the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] in 1263. This gesture secured the release of Michael's general [[Alexios Strategopoulos]], who had been captured by the [[Despot of Epirus]], [[Michael II Komnenos Doukas]].<ref>{{Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West|pages=144ff.}}</ref> |
John IV was underage through his brief reign. His [[regent]] and co-ruler was [[Michael VIII Palaiologos]], who maneuvered John IV aside. After the Nicaeans regained [[Constantinople]] and re-established the [[Byzantine Empire]], Michael deposed John IV and later [[Political mutilation in the Byzantine culture|blinded him]]. According to Pachymeres, around this time Michael fell in love with Anna and attempted to marry her, but the widowed Empress rejected him. Deno Geanakoplos points out "what militates against Pachymeres' statement, however, is the question why Michael, merely for love of Anna, would be willing to risk almost certain excommunication by the [[Arsenios I of Constantinople|Patriarch Arsenios]] without the gaining of an important political benefit." Michael's aim was to gain an alliance with Manfred, but with Anna's refusal, the anger of [[Theodora Doukaina Vatatzina|his own wife]], and threat of ecclesiastical censure by Arsenios, Michael dropped the proposal. She was given magnificent presents and allowed to leave the new court for the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] in 1263. This gesture secured the release of Michael's general [[Alexios Strategopoulos]], who had been captured by the [[Despot of Epirus]], [[Michael II Komnenos Doukas]].<ref>{{Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West|pages=144ff.}}</ref> |
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Again known as Constance, she joined the court of Manfred. When he was killed at the [[Battle of Benevento (1266)]] and was succeeded by his victorious enemy [[Charles I of Naples|Charles of Anjou]], Constance fled Sicily for [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]], where her niece, [[Constance of Sicily |
Again known as Constance, she joined the court of Manfred. When he was killed at the [[Battle of Benevento (1266)]] and was succeeded by his victorious enemy [[Charles I of Naples|Charles of Anjou]], Constance fled Sicily for [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]], where her niece, [[Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon|Manfred's daughter Constance]], was the consort of [[Peter III of Aragon|Crown Prince Peter]]. She remained for some time at the court of King [[James I of Aragon]], but eventually retired as a nun to a monastery in [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]], where she died. |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NIKAIA.htm#IoannesIIINikaiadied1254B Listing of John III and his wives in "Medieval lands" by Charles Cawley. The project "involves extracting and analysing detailed information from primary sources, including contemporary chronicles, cartularies, necrologies and testaments."] |
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{{s-hou|[[House of Hohenstaufen]]||1230||1307}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Elena of Bulgaria]]}} |
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{{end}} |
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{{Roman empresses}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Anna Of Hohenstaufen}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anna Of Hohenstaufen}} |
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[[Category:1307 deaths]] |
[[Category:1307 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Hohenstaufen]] |
[[Category:Hohenstaufen]] |
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[[Category:Children of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]] |
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[[Category:Laskarid dynasty]] |
[[Category:Laskarid dynasty]] |
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[[Category:13th-century Byzantine people]] |
[[Category:13th-century Byzantine people]] |
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[[Category:13th-century Byzantine women]] |
[[Category:13th-century Byzantine women]] |
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[[Category:14th-century Byzantine women]] |
[[Category:14th-century Byzantine women]] |
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[[Category:Empresses of Nicaea]] |
[[Category:Empresses consort of Nicaea]] |
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[[Category:Women in medieval European warfare]] |
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[[Category:Women in 13th-century warfare]] |
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[[Category:13th-century Italian women]] |
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[[Category:13th-century Italian nobility]] |
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[[Category:Daughters of emperors]] |
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[[Category:Daughters of kings]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:14, 5 August 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2014) |
| Anna of Hohenstaufen | |
|---|---|
 Sepulchre of Constance in the Church San Juan del Hospital (Valencia). The inscription translates as Here lies Lady Constance Augusta, Empress of Greece | |
| Empress consort of Nicaea | |
| Tenure | 1244–1254 |
| Born | 1230 |
| Died | April 1307 (age 76–77) |
| Spouse | John III Doukas Vatatzes |
| Father | Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor |
| Mother | Bianca Lancia |
Anna of Hohenstaufen (1230 – April 1307), born Constance, was an Empress of Nicaea. She was a daughter of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and Bianca Lancia.
Empress
[edit]She married Nicaean Emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes as part of an alliance between her father and her husband. Some historians regard the alliance as a result of their common hostility to the papacy.[1] The marriage occurred in 1244; it is recorded by the chronicles of both George Acropolites and George Pachymeres. Constance took the name Anna following her marriage. Constance was only 14, and was accompanied to Nicaea by a governess, the Marchesa della Fricca. According to George Acropolites the governess became the mistress of John III and "rival in love" of Anna.
In time the Marchesa came to have considerable influence at court. Nicephorus Blemmydes called her "rival empress". However Blemmydes' negative criticism resulted in an attempt at his life by her followers. Blemmydes survived, and Marchesa lost the favor of John III, who dismissed her from court. Blemmydes' account was later included in his autobiography.
Widow
[edit]Constance remained empress until the death of her husband on 3 November 1254. Her stepson Theodore II Laskaris succeeded to the throne. By that time Frederick II had also died. Pachymeres records her staying in Nicaea through the reigns of both Theodore II (1254–1258) and her step-grandson John IV Laskaris (1259–1261). Alice Gardner suggested that she was still politically useful as a hostage against the remaining members of the House of Hohenstaufen, particularly her brother Manfred of Sicily.
John IV was underage through his brief reign. His regent and co-ruler was Michael VIII Palaiologos, who maneuvered John IV aside. After the Nicaeans regained Constantinople and re-established the Byzantine Empire, Michael deposed John IV and later blinded him. According to Pachymeres, around this time Michael fell in love with Anna and attempted to marry her, but the widowed Empress rejected him. Deno Geanakoplos points out "what militates against Pachymeres' statement, however, is the question why Michael, merely for love of Anna, would be willing to risk almost certain excommunication by the Patriarch Arsenios without the gaining of an important political benefit." Michael's aim was to gain an alliance with Manfred, but with Anna's refusal, the anger of his own wife, and threat of ecclesiastical censure by Arsenios, Michael dropped the proposal. She was given magnificent presents and allowed to leave the new court for the Kingdom of Sicily in 1263. This gesture secured the release of Michael's general Alexios Strategopoulos, who had been captured by the Despot of Epirus, Michael II Komnenos Doukas.[2]
Again known as Constance, she joined the court of Manfred. When he was killed at the Battle of Benevento (1266) and was succeeded by his victorious enemy Charles of Anjou, Constance fled Sicily for Aragon, where her niece, Manfred's daughter Constance, was the consort of Crown Prince Peter. She remained for some time at the court of King James I of Aragon, but eventually retired as a nun to a monastery in Valencia, where she died.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Alice Gardner, The Lascarids of Nicaea: the Story of an Empire in Exile (1912–1913)
- ^ Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 144ff. OCLC 1011763434.
External links
[edit]| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
- 1230 births
- 1307 deaths
- Hohenstaufen
- Children of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Laskarid dynasty
- 13th-century Byzantine people
- 13th-century Byzantine women
- 14th-century Byzantine women
- Empresses consort of Nicaea
- Women in medieval European warfare
- Women in 13th-century warfare
- 13th-century Italian women
- 13th-century Italian nobility
- Daughters of emperors
- Daughters of kings