Ontario Highway 5: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Former Ontario provincial highway}} |
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{{see also|Dundas Street}} |
{{see also|Dundas Street}} |
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{{Infobox road |
{{Infobox road |
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| map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|frame-height=290|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/Ontario Highway 5}}}} |
| map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|frame-height=290|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/Ontario Highway 5}}}} |
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|map_custom = yes |
|map_custom = yes |
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|map_notes = A map of Highway{{nbsp}}5<br/>{{Legend inline|#FF0000|Highway 5}} {{Legend inline|#AAAA00|Sections decommissioned January{{nbsp}}1, 1998}} {{Legend inline|#00007F| |
|map_notes = A map of Highway{{nbsp}}5<br />{{Legend inline|#FF0000|Highway 5}} {{Legend inline|#AAAA00|Sections decommissioned January{{nbsp}}1, 1998}} {{Legend inline|#00007F|Section maintained as [[connecting link]] prior to 1998}} |
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| length_km = 14.0<!-- 1.5 km is still maintained by MTO at 407 in Burlington and 403 along the Oakville–Mississauga boundary --> |
| length_km = 14.0<!-- 1.5 km is still maintained by MTO at 407 in Burlington and 403 along the Oakville–Mississauga boundary --> |
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| length_ref = <ref name="km" /> |
| length_ref = <ref name="km" /> |
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| direction_b = East |
| direction_b = East |
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| terminus_b = {{jcon|Hwy|6|town=Waterdown}} |
| terminus_b = {{jcon|Hwy|6|town=Waterdown}} |
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| cities = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] ( |
| cities = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] (Dundas & Waterdown) |
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|previous_type = ON |
|previous_type = ON |
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|previous_route = 4 |
|previous_route = 4 |
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|browse = {{ON former|next=5A}} |
|browse = {{ON former|next=5A}} |
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}} |
}} |
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'''King's Highway 5''', commonly referred to as '''Highway 5''' and historically as the '''Dundas Highway''', is a [[Ontario Provincial Highway Network|provincially maintained highway]] in the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[Ontario]]. The |
'''King's Highway 5''', commonly referred to as '''Highway 5''' and historically as the '''Dundas Highway''' and '''Governor's Road''', is a [[Ontario Provincial Highway Network|provincially maintained highway]] in the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[Ontario]]. The east–west highway travels a distance of {{convert|12.7|km|mi|abbr=on}} between [[Ontario Highway 8|Highway 8]] at [[Peters Corners, Ontario|Peters Corners]], north of [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], and [[Ontario Highway 6|Highway 6]] at [[Clappison's Corners, Ontario|Clappison's Corners]]. Prior to several sections being downloaded to the [[municipalities]] in which they were located, Highway{{nbsp}}5 served as bypass to [[Ontario Highway 2|Highway 2]], connecting with it in both [[Paris, Ontario|Paris]] and [[Toronto]], a distance of {{convert|114.3|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite journal |
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| title = Provincial Highways Distance Table |
| title = Provincial Highways Distance Table |
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| author = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario |
| author = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario |
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| journal = Provincial Highways Distance Table: King's Secondary Highways and Tertiary Roads |
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| publisher = Government of Ontario |
| publisher = Government of Ontario |
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| date = April 1, 1989 |
| date = April 1, 1989 |
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Line 33: | Line 34: | ||
| pages = 14–15}}</ref> |
| pages = 14–15}}</ref> |
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Highway |
Highway{{nbsp}}5 followed a significant piece of [[Dundas Street]] (historically also called ''The Governor's Road''), one of two routes constructed under the orders of [[John Graves Simcoe]] during his short tenure as [[Lieutenant Governor]] of [[Upper Canada]], the other being [[Yonge Street]]. The route was designated as part of the provincial highway system in 1920 and numbered as Highway{{nbsp}}5 in 1925. Initially it travelled from Toronto to Clappison's Corners before turning south and following what would later become Highway{{nbsp}}6 south through Hamilton and onwards to [[Jarvis, Ontario|Jarvis]]. It was redirected west from Clappison's Corners to Peters Corners in 1927, and later to Paris in 1931. |
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Highway{{nbsp}}5 was quickly engulfed by the growing outer suburbs of Toronto in the 1950s and 1960s, which led to various portions being transferred to local jurisdiction (though still signed as [[connecting links]]) over the years. The portions within [[Metropolitan Toronto]] were transferred in 1954, followed by portions through Mississauga in 1971, 1978 and 1991. By the 1990s, the provincially-maintained route only extended as far east as [[Ontario Highway 403|Highway 403]]; it was shortened to its present length in 1998. |
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== Route description == |
== Route description == |
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[[File:Old alignment of Highway 5.png|thumb|left|An abandoned section of highway lies in the bush next to the current route, north of [[Greensville, Ontario|Greensville]]]] |
[[File:Old alignment of Highway 5.png|thumb|left|An abandoned section of highway lies in the bush next to the current route, north of [[Greensville, Ontario|Greensville]].]] |
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Highway{{nbsp}}5 serves as a short connector between Highway{{nbsp}}8 in the west and Highway{{nbsp}}6 in the east, and is essentially a continuation of Highway{{nbsp}}8. This configuration comes as a result of the truncation of both highways by the [[Ministry of Transportation of Ontario]] (MTO). The removed sections were transferred to the jurisdiction of the City of [[Toronto]], the |
Highway{{nbsp}}5 serves as a short connector between Highway{{nbsp}}8 in the west and Highway{{nbsp}}6 in the east, and is essentially a continuation of Highway{{nbsp}}8. This configuration comes as a result of the truncation of both highways by the [[Ministry of Transportation of Ontario]] (MTO). The removed sections were transferred to the jurisdiction of the City of [[Toronto]], the City of [[Mississauga]], [[Regional Municipality of Halton|Halton Region]], the City of [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], the [[County of Brant]], and [[Oxford County, Ontario|Oxford County]] on January{{nbsp}}1, 1998. Prior, Highway{{nbsp}}5 followed two segments of Dundas Street between Toronto and Paris. |
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The current route of Highway{{nbsp}}5 is almost entirely straight and rural. It passes immediately to the north of the [[Niagara Escarpment]], a World Biosphere Reserve. South of the escarpment |
The current route of Highway{{nbsp}}5 is almost entirely straight and rural. It passes immediately to the north of the [[Niagara Escarpment]], a World Biosphere Reserve. South of the escarpment, at the western tip of [[Lake Ontario]], is the [[Dundas, Ontario|Dundas]] district of Hamilton, which was once a separate town within the former [[Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth| Hamilton-Wentworth Region]]. It is {{convert|12.5|km}} between Peters Corners and Clappison's Corners. |
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Highway{{nbsp}}5 begins at a [[roundabout]] at the southern end of Highway{{nbsp}}8 and the northern end of former [[Ontario Highway 52|Highway 52]] in Peters Corners. To the west, the road is now [[List of numbered roads in Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton Road{{nbsp}}5]] (which the highway is now designated as beyond both ends of its remaining length through Hamilton). It proceeds westwards towards [[Paris, Ontario|Paris]]. Proceeding east, it crosses a ravine, divides a large [[woodlot]] and passes through agricultural lands. It crosses Spencer Creek as it approaches Brock Road. Spencer Creek plunges over the nearby escarpment at [[Webster's Falls]]. Highway{{nbsp}}5 then passes through a rural residential area and returns to a farmland setting. It passes through the rural [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of [[Rock Chapel, Ontario|Rock Chapel]], and then curves to the left on its final approach to Highway{{nbsp}}6. East of Highway{{nbsp}}6, the road continues as the eastern section of Hamilton Road {{nbsp}}5, and becomes Dundas Street. |
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The MTO still maintains a {{convert|1.1|km|adj=on}} portion of Dundas Street at the Highway{{nbsp}}407 interchange in Burlington, a {{convert|400|m|yd|adj=on}} portion at the Highway{{nbsp}}403 interchange on the Oakville–Mississauga boundary, and a {{convert|1.9|km|adj=on}} portion at the Highway{{nbsp}}427 interchange in Toronto.<ref name="km" /> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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=== Predecessors === |
=== Predecessors === |
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Dundas Street is one of the oldest roads in Ontario, created before [[Confederation]] when the province was known as [[Upper Canada]] (a reference to being upstream from [[Lower Canada]] on the [[St. Lawrence River]]). Under the orders of the first [[lieutenant governor of Upper Canada]], [[John Graves Simcoe]], [[Samuel Smith (Upper Canada politician)|Captain Samuel Smith]] led 100 of the [[Queen's Rangers]] to open a road from the head of [[Lake Ontario]] (now known as Dundas) to La Tranche (later [[London, Ontario|London]]) in early 1791. The first {{convert|32|km|0}} from the lakehead to the [[Grand River (Ontario)|Grand River]]—where the [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]] village that was home to [[Joseph Brant]] was located—were blazed by the rangers by October{{nbsp}}25, 1793. Another {{convert|75|km|0}} were cleared from the Grand River to the forks of the [[Thames River (Ontario)|Thames River]] by the spring of 1794.{{sfn|Shragge|Bagnato|1984|pp=10, 11}} |
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In 1795, [[Asa Danforth]], the namesake of [[Danforth Avenue]], opened a road east to the new town of York (now Toronto). These early trails "involved nothing more than clearing a corridor through the bush, leaving the bigger stumps to rot, often detouring around the really big trees."{{sfn|Shragge|Bagnato|1984|p=11}} |
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The nature of travel in this period meant that daily movement was limited to several miles, and as a result hotels and taverns were established every few miles.{{sfn|Shragge|Bagnato|1984|p=11}} Several of these became the seeds of villages, such as [[Waterdown, Ontario|Waterdown]], [[Cooksville, Ontario|Cooksville]] and [[Islington, Ontario|Islington]].<ref>{{cite web |
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| first = Sean | last = Marshall |
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| title = Lost Villages: Cooksville |
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| website = Spacing Toronto |
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| date = July 5, 2011 |
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| url = http://spacing.ca/toronto/2011/07/05/lost-villages-cooksville/ |
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| access-date = April 27, 2022}}</ref> |
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=== Designation === |
=== Designation === |
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[[File:Sixteen Mile Creek bridge, 1922.png|thumb|left|The high-level bridge over [[Sixteen Mile Creek (Halton Region)|Sixteen Mile Creek]] opened in 1921, replacing a winding route through the ravine valley that exists today as an access road and park trail<ref name="bridges" /><ref>{{cite report |
[[File:Sixteen Mile Creek bridge, 1922.png|thumb|left|The high-level bridge over [[Sixteen Mile Creek (Halton Region)|Sixteen Mile Creek]] opened in 1921, replacing a winding route through the ravine valley that exists today as an access road and park trail.<ref name="bridges" /><ref>{{cite report |
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| title = Annual Report |
| title = Annual Report |
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| publisher = Department of Public Highways |
| publisher = Department of Public Highways |
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| access-date = April 13, 2022 |
| access-date = April 13, 2022 |
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| via = Internet Archive}}</ref> |
| via = Internet Archive}}</ref> |
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Throughout the summer of 1920, several roads were taken over by the DPHO through [[Haldimand County]], [[Wentworth County, Ontario|Wentworth County]], [[Halton County, Ontario|Halton County]], [[Peel County, Ontario|Peel County]] and [[York County, Ontario|York County]]. Within Haldimand County, the road between Jarvis and north of Caledonia was taken over (or assumed) by the province on June{{nbsp}}24, 1920. Another set of roads were assumed through Wentworth on July{{nbsp}}8, connecting with the portion in Haldimand County, through Hamilton to |
Throughout the summer of 1920, several roads were taken over by the DPHO through [[Haldimand County]], [[Wentworth County, Ontario|Wentworth County]], [[Halton County, Ontario|Halton County]], [[Peel County, Ontario|Peel County]] and [[York County, Ontario|York County]]. Within Haldimand County, the road between Jarvis and north of Caledonia was taken over (or assumed) by the province on June{{nbsp}}24, 1920. Another set of roads were assumed through Wentworth on July{{nbsp}}8, connecting with the portion in Haldimand County, through Hamilton to Clappison's Corners and east through [[Waterdown, Ontario|Waterdown]] along Dundas Street. Within Peel, through what is now [[Mississauga]], Dundas Street was assumed on July{{nbsp}}22. A portion within York County was assumed through [[Etobicoke]] from its western boundary as far east as the village of [[Islington, Ontario|Islington]] on July{{nbsp}}29. A final segment of Dundas Street, within Halton from Waterdown to what is now Winston Churchill Boulevard, was assumed on July{{nbsp}}31.<ref name="1920 report">{{cite report |
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| title = Annual Report |
| title = Annual Report |
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| publisher = Department of Public Highways |
| publisher = Department of Public Highways |
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The Clappison Cut was completed and paved in 1924.<ref name="1925 report" /> |
The Clappison Cut was completed and paved in 1924.<ref name="1925 report" /> |
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<gallery class="center" caption="Clappison Cut construction, 1920–1924"> |
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<center> |
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;Clappison Cut construction, 1920–1924 |
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<gallery> |
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File:Clappison cut 2.png| |
File:Clappison cut 2.png| |
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File:Clappison cut 1.png|A set of rails were installed to remove excavated earth and rock |
File:Clappison cut 1.png|A set of rails were installed to remove excavated earth and rock. |
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File:Clappison cut 3.png| |
File:Clappison cut 3.png| |
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File:Clappison cut 4.png|Completed work |
File:Clappison cut 4.png|Completed work |
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</gallery |
</gallery> |
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{{multiple image |
{{multiple image |
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| access-date = April 18, 2022 |
| access-date = April 18, 2022 |
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| via = Internet Archive}}</ref> |
| via = Internet Archive}}</ref> |
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The route was extended further west in 1930, when the newly-renamed Department of Highways (DHO) assumed the road from Highway{{nbsp}}8 at Peters Corners to Highway{{nbsp}}24 west of [[St. George, Ontario|St. George]], as well as the Governor's Road between Highway{{nbsp}}24 and Highway{{nbsp}}2 at Paris. The {{convert|19.0|km}} road between Highway{{nbsp}}8 and Highway{{nbsp}}24, through [[Beverley Township, Ontario|Beverley]] and [[South Dumfries]] was designated on June{{nbsp}}18, while the {{convert|6.8|km|adj=on}} section of the Governor's Road, along the boundary between South Dumfries and [[Brantford Township, Ontario|Brantford Township]], was designated several months later on September{{nbsp}}24.<ref>{{cite report |
The route was extended further west in 1930, when the newly-renamed Department of Highways (DHO) assumed the road from Highway{{nbsp}}8 at Peters Corners to Highway{{nbsp}}24 west of [[St. George, Ontario|St. George]], as well as the Governor's Road between Highway{{nbsp}}24 and Highway{{nbsp}}2 at Paris. The {{convert|19.0|km|adj=on}} road between Highway{{nbsp}}8 and Highway{{nbsp}}24, through [[Beverley Township, Ontario|Beverley]] and [[South Dumfries]] was designated on June{{nbsp}}18, while the {{convert|6.8|km|adj=on}} section of the Governor's Road, along the boundary between South Dumfries and [[Brantford Township, Ontario|Brantford Township]], was designated several months later on September{{nbsp}}24.<ref>{{cite report |
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| title = Annual Report |
| title = Annual Report |
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| publisher = Department of Highways |
| publisher = Department of Highways |
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| access-date = April 19, 2022 |
| access-date = April 19, 2022 |
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| via = Archives of Ontario}}</ref> |
| via = Archives of Ontario}}</ref> |
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This brought the length of the route to {{convert|114. |
This brought the length of the route to {{convert|114.3|km}}, including the approximately {{convert|16.1|km}} of Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue between Jane Street and Sibley Avenue, within the Toronto city limits.<ref>{{Google maps |
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| title = Highway 5 route in 1931<!-- Note there is a small discrepancy due to the removal of the 6-points interchange --> |
| title = Highway 5 route in 1931<!-- Note there is a small discrepancy due to the removal of the 6-points interchange --> |
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| url = https://www.google.ca/maps/dir/43.1917255,-80.3615183/43.7024074,-79.2536313/@43.3885963,-80.1246907,87885m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m54!4m53!1m50!3m4!1m2!1d-80.102918!2d43.2745534!3s0x882c7df0c45e06b1:0x210a99ab4b156602!3m4!1m2!1d-79.9158716!2d43.313732!3s0x882c9d2c5af419ef:0x5e5c0544693df25b!3m4!1m2!1d-79.8185101!2d43.3968138!3s0x882b615d3b512107:0x4390309af2f63fbc!3m4!1m2!1d-79.7746465!2d43.4372657!3s0x882b671ab8c7ed11:0x23fbc3421a7e48cb!3m4!1m2!1d-79.7190678!2d43.488275!3s0x882b42b7c1094c8f:0x268b523cfadf26d1!3m4!1m2!1d-79.6266651!2d43.5713737!3s0x882b46ea2190b311:0x18d94e2049944d1a!3m4!1m2!1d-79.5426302!2d43.6335521!3s0x882b37eb7762527d:0x6f13fa3de64f2041!3m4!1m2!1d-79.5308799!2d43.6429375!3s0x882b37bb41bd27cb:0x6f710fe3547fecac!3m4!1m2!1d-79.4425031!2d43.6574147!3s0x882b3445d857492b:0xdca29f9704c850bb!3m4!1m2!1d-79.348917!2d43.6781405!3s0x89d4cc9cf54964db:0x4ca4e03ac6d06b0e!1m0!3e0 |
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| url = https://goo.gl/maps/Gan3UWXzMd4GEYYx8 |
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| access-date = April 19, 2022}}</ref> |
| access-date = April 19, 2022}}</ref> |
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=== Paving and improvements === |
=== Paving and improvements === |
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[[File:Highway 5 near Clappison's Corners, 1955.png|thumb|left|An early example of "zone striping" along Highway{{nbsp}}5 near Clappison's Corners, which reduced head-on collisions by indicating ideal passing locations, with unobstructed sightlines, to drivers]] |
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When the Hamilton–Jarvis Highway and Dundas Street were assumed by the province, it was paved from Islington village west to Summerville (near Dixie Road), but was otherwise a [[gravel road]] throughout. It was paved between Mount Hope and Hamilton, between Sixteen Mile Creek and Summerville, as well as along Bloor Street from Islington village to Jane Street in 1921. New bridges were also completed over Sixteen Mile Creek and [[Mimico Creek]].<ref name="Hamilton Highway" /><ref name="jarvis" /><ref name="bridges">{{cite report |
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When the Hamilton–Jarvis Highway and Dundas Street were assumed by the province, they were paved from Islington village west to Summerville (near Dixie Road), but were otherwise [[gravel road|gravel]] throughout. The route was paved between Mount Hope and Hamilton, between Sixteen Mile Creek and Summerville, as well as along Bloor Street from Islington village to Jane Street in 1921. New bridges were also completed over Sixteen Mile Creek and [[Mimico Creek]].<ref name="bridges">{{cite report |
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| title = Annual Report |
| title = Annual Report |
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| publisher = Department of Public Highways |
| publisher = Department of Public Highways |
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| url = https://archive.org/details/n04ontariosession54ontauoft/page/n195/mode/2up?view=theater |
| url = https://archive.org/details/n04ontariosession54ontauoft/page/n195/mode/2up?view=theater |
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| access-date = April 20, 2022 |
| access-date = April 20, 2022 |
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| via = Internet Archive}}</ref> |
| via = Internet Archive}}</ref><ref name="Hamilton Highway" /><ref name="jarvis" /> |
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In 1923, the remainder of the route between Sixteen Mile Creek and Hamilton, including the new Clappison Cut, was paved. This was followed the next year by the construction of a [[Macadam#Water- |
In 1923, the remainder of the route between Sixteen Mile Creek and Hamilton, including the new Clappison Cut, was paved. This was followed the next year by the construction of a [[Macadam#Water-bound macadam|water-bound macadam]] surface between Jarvis and Caledonia, completing the hard-surfaced road between Jarvis and Hamilton.<ref name="1925 report" /> |
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That year also saw the completion of a new high-level bridge along Bloor Street over the [[Humber River (Ontario)|Humber River]], bypassing the old route along Old Mill Road and Old Mill Drive. The bridge was opened ceremoniously by then Minister of Highways—and later [[premier of Ontario|premier]]—[[George Stewart Henry]] on November{{nbsp}}21, 1924.<ref>{{cite news |
That year also saw the completion of a new high-level bridge along Bloor Street over the [[Humber River (Ontario)|Humber River]], bypassing the old route along Old Mill Road and Old Mill Drive. The bridge was opened ceremoniously by then Minister of Highways—and later [[premier of Ontario|premier]]—[[George Stewart Henry]] on November{{nbsp}}21, 1924.<ref>{{cite news |
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| title = Beautiful Bridge is Connecting Link on Great Highway |
| title = Beautiful Bridge is Connecting Link on Great Highway |
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| id = {{ProQuest|1354611886}} {{Subscription required}}}}</ref> |
| id = {{ProQuest|1354611886}} {{Subscription required}}}}</ref> |
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When the portion of Highway{{nbsp}}5 west of Clappison's Corners was assumed in 1927, it was already paved |
When the portion of Highway{{nbsp}}5 west of Clappison's Corners was assumed in 1927, it was already paved as far west as the Brock Road, approximately {{convert|7|km}}.<ref>[http://ao.minisisinc.com/FS_IMAGES/I0050477.jpg Photo] minisisinc.com</ref> However, the {{abbr|DPHO|Department of Public Highways, Ontario}} paved the entire length between Peters Corners and Clappison's Corners in 1928.<ref>{{cite report |
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| title = Annual Report |
| title = Annual Report |
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| publisher = Department of Public Highways |
| publisher = Department of Public Highways |
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This junction remains in place today, almost unchanged since then.<ref>{{Google maps |
This junction remains in place today, almost unchanged since then.<ref>{{Google maps |
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| title = Junction of Danforth Avenue and Kingston Road at the Scarborough Cenotaph |
| title = Junction of Danforth Avenue and Kingston Road at the Scarborough Cenotaph |
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| url = https:// |
| url = https://www.google.ca/maps/@43.7017269,-79.2546707,447m/data=!3m1!1e3 |
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| access-date = April 21, 2022}}</ref> |
| access-date = April 21, 2022}}</ref> |
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As suburbanization of Toronto encroached on [[Toronto Township, Ontario|Toronto Township]]—which would become the town of Mississauga in 1968—the DHO began to widen Highway{{nbsp}}5 to four lanes across Peel and Halton in the 1960s, beginning with the section between Highway{{nbsp}}10 at Cooksville and Mississauga Road in 1961.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/100286855/will-widen-highway-5-in-cooksville/ | title=Will Widen Highway 5 in Cooksville District | newspaper=The Expositor | date=19 July 1960 | page=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/100286822/homeowners-dont-want-four-lanes/ | title=Homeowners Don't Want Four Lanes | newspaper=The Kingston Whig-Standard | date=17 May 1961 | page=12 }}</ref> |
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In the late 1970s, construction began on [[Ontario Highway 403|Highway{{nbsp}}403]] through Mississauga. As part of this new [[controlled-access highway|freeway]], an [[interchange (road)|interchange]] with Highway{{nbsp}}5 was built just east of Ninth Line, on the [[Oakville, Ontario|Oakville]]–Mississauga boundary. The interchange opened along with the segment of Highway{{nbsp}}403 south to the [[Queen Elizabeth Way]] at Ford Drive in mid-1981; the freeway was extended north to Erin Mills Parkway on November{{nbsp}}17th of that year.<ref name="MissCC">{{cite news |
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| title = Doubts Raised About Route of New 403 |
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| first = Frank |
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| last = Calleja |
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| work = Toronto Star |
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| date = November 8, 1979 |
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| page = A19 |
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| id = {{ProQuest|1373285177}} {{Subscription required}}}}</ref><ref name="1981opening">{{cite news |
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| title = Highway 403 Section Open to Traffic Today |
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| first = Brian |
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| last = Dexter |
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| work = Toronto Star |
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| date = November 17, 1981 |
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| page = A18 |
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| id = {{ProQuest|1434811343}} {{Subscription required}} |
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| quote = It runs west from Erin Mills Parkway north of Burnhamthorpe Road, to Highway 5 in Oakville, where a spur to the Queen Elizabeth Way at Ford Drive has been used by traffic for several months.}}</ref> |
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{{clear}} |
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===Shift of responsibility=== |
===Shift of responsibility=== |
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| url = https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2719&context=buffalolawreview |
| url = https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2719&context=buffalolawreview |
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| access-date = October 21, 2021}}</ref> |
| access-date = October 21, 2021}}</ref> |
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the new municipality was given responsibility for most of the provincial highways that passed within its boundaries. The sections of Highway{{nbsp}}5 through Etobicoke and Scarborough were accordingly |
the new municipality was given responsibility for most of the provincial highways that passed within its boundaries that were not already [[connecting links]] following streets urbanized prior to this time. The sections of Highway{{nbsp}}5 through Etobicoke and Scarborough were accordingly redesignated as connecting links and their maintenance given over to the new Metro government on January{{nbsp}}15, 1954.<ref name="decomm">{{cite report |
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| title = Annual Report |
| title = Annual Report |
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| publisher = Department of Highways |
| publisher = Department of Highways |
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| date = March 31, 1954 |
| date = March 31, 1954 |
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| section = Appendix No. 3 – Schedule of Assumptions and Reversions of Sections of the King's Highway System for the Fiscal Year Ending March 31, 1954 |
| section = Appendix No. 3 – Schedule of Assumptions and Reversions of Sections of the King's Highway System for the Fiscal Year Ending March 31, 1954 |
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| |
| pages = 156–157 |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gf0iAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Jan.+15,+1954%22+%2211A%22 |
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gf0iAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Jan.+15,+1954%22+%2211A%22 |
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| access-date = October 20, 2021}}</ref> |
| access-date = October 20, 2021}}</ref> |
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A {{convert|12.1|km|adj=on}} portion of Highway{{nbsp}}5 from [[Etobicoke Creek]] west to Mississauga Road was |
A {{convert|12.1|km|adj=on}} portion of Highway{{nbsp}}5 from [[Etobicoke Creek]] west to Mississauga Road was made a connecting link though the recently-established Town of Mississauga on April{{nbsp}}1, 1970.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_sVCKrdxYHUC&q=%22Apr+1%2F70%22+toronto | title=Annual Report | year=1968 }}</ref> |
||
Another {{convert|2.8|km}}, between Winston Churchill Boulevard and Mississauga Road in Mississauga, was designated a connecting link on November{{nbsp}}22, 1978.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} |
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Despite the downloading of these segments through the growing suburbs of the [[Greater Toronto Area]], Highway{{nbsp}}5 continued to marked on the Official Ontario Road Map through Mississauga and Metropolitan Toronto (including between Jane Street and Scarborough) up until 1998.<ref>{{cite map |
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on November 27, 1991, a {{convert|1.2|km}} segment of Dundas Street, from the interchange with Highway{{nbsp}}403 east to Winston Churchill Boulevard, was made a connecting link through the municipal boundary area between Mississauga and Oakville, and maintenance was transferred to these municipalities.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} |
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As the connecting links were technically still part of Highway{{nbsp}}5, shields continued to be posted along it and marked on the Official Ontario Road Map through Mississauga and Metropolitan Toronto up until 1998 when the highway designation was dropped altogether <ref>{{cite map |
|||
| title = Ontario Road Map |
| title = Ontario Road Map |
||
| cartography = Surveys and Mapping Section, Surveys and Design Office |
| cartography = Surveys and Mapping Section, Surveys and Design Office |
||
Line 308: | Line 344: | ||
| via = Archives of Ontario}}</ref> |
| via = Archives of Ontario}}</ref> |
||
As part of a series of budget cuts initiated by premier [[Mike Harris]] under his [[Common Sense Revolution]] platform in 1995, numerous highways deemed to no longer be of significance to the provincial network were downloaded to a lower level of government. As it generally served as a local [[arterial road]] through the growing suburbs of Oakville and Burlington, |
As part of a series of budget cuts initiated by premier [[Mike Harris]] under his [[Common Sense Revolution]] platform in 1995, numerous highways deemed to no longer be of significance to the provincial network were downloaded to a lower level of government. As it generally served as a local [[arterial road]] through the growing suburbs of Oakville and Burlington, Highway{{nbsp}}5 was [[Ontario Provincial Highway Network#Transfers|downloaded]] from Highway{{nbsp}}6 at Clappison's Corners to Highway{{nbsp}}403, and transferred to the [[Regional Municipality|Regional Municipalities]] of Hamilton–Wentworth and Halton on January{{nbsp}}1, 1998. On the same day, the portions of the route west of Peters Corners were transferred to Hamilton–Wentworth and the [[County of Brant]]. This removed {{convert|53.3|km}} from the length of the highway, leaving only the portion between Peters Corners and Clappison's Corners in the provincial highway network.<ref name="WDW">{{cite report |
||
| title = Highway Transfers List – "Who Does What" |
| title = Highway Transfers List – "Who Does What" |
||
| publisher = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario |
| publisher = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario |
||
| date = June 20, 2001 |
| date = June 20, 2001 |
||
| pages = 2, 4}}</ref> |
| pages = 2, 4}}</ref> |
||
Nonetheless the MTO continues to maintain short segments of Dundas Street (former Highway 5) at interchanges with provincial freeways, including a {{convert|400|m|yd|adj=on}} portion at Highway{{nbsp}}403, as well as a {{convert|1.9|km|adj=on}} portion at Highway{{nbsp}}427.<ref name="km" /> |
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=== Since 1998 === |
=== Since 1998 === |
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In July 2001, a new interchange with [[Ontario Highway 407|Highway 407 ETR]] was opened, connecting the extension of the [[toll highway]] with former Highway{{nbsp}}5 in Burlington.<ref name="dates">{{cite report |
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An operational and safety review of the three intersections at Peters Corners near Hamilton was undertaken in February 2001. Studies, including an [[Environmental impact assessment|environmental assessment]] were conducted between 2004 and 2009, and settled upon a [[roundabout]] as the ideal replacement, with traffic signals at the two intersections with Westover Road.<ref name="road talk">{{cite periodical |
|||
|title = Settlement of Claim of Richard Prendiville |
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|publisher = Ontario Superior Court of Justice |
|||
|date = December 12, 2001 |
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|page = 7 |
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|url = http://www.kmlaw.ca/site_documents/011240_SOC_18dec01.pdf |
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|access-date = June 30, 2014 |
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|url-status = dead |
|||
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140727041251/http://www.kmlaw.ca/site_documents/011240_SOC_18dec01.pdf |
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|archive-date = July 27, 2014 |
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|df = mdy-all}}</ref> |
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An operational and safety review of the three intersections at Peters Corners near Hamilton was undertaken in February 2001. Studies, including an [[Environmental impact assessment|environmental assessment]] were conducted between 2004 and 2009, and settled upon a [[roundabout]] as the ideal replacement, with traffic signals at the two intersections with Westover Road (former [[Ontario Highway 52|Highway 52]]).<ref name="road talk">{{cite periodical |
|||
| title = Gonna Go 'Round in Circles |
| title = Gonna Go 'Round in Circles |
||
| publisher = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario |
| publisher = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario |
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Line 331: | Line 381: | ||
== Major intersections == |
== Major intersections == |
||
{{ONinttop|maint=MTO|length_ref=<ref name="km">{{cite web |
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The following table lists cities historically associated with Highway 5 on Ontario's official road maps. Distances are based on the 1930s route. |
|||
| title = Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) counts |
|||
{{Jcttop|province=ON|nocty=yes|length_ref=<ref>[http://www.ontarioroadmaps.ca/index.php/official-ontario-maps/official-ontario-road-maps/29-official-ontario-road-maps/official-ontario-road-map/19-1933-1934-official-road-map-of-ontario-2 1933 Ontario official road map], Queen's Printer for Ontario, distance chart.</ref>}} |
|||
| author = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario |
|||
{{Jctint |
|||
| publisher = Government of Ontario |
|||
|state=ON |
|||
| year = 2016 |
|||
|location=Paris |
|||
| pages = 102–106 |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
| url = https://www.library.mto.gov.on.ca/SydneyPLUS/TechPubs/Theme.aspx?r=702797&f=files%2fProvincial+Highways+traffic+Volumes+1988-2016.pdf&m=resource |
|||
|mile=0 |
|||
| access-date = April 23, 2022 |
|||
|road={{Jct|state=ON|Highway|2|dir1=|location1=[[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]]}} |
|||
}}</ref>}} |
|||
|notes= |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| division = Brant |
|||
| dspan = 4 |
|||
| location = Paris |
|||
| km = -29.2 |
|||
| road = {{jcon|bch|5|dir=begins}}<br/>{{jcon|bch|2|[[Dundas Street]] / Paris Road}}<br/>{{jcon|Brant|55|dir=north|Green Lane}} |
|||
| notes = Formerly Highway 5 western terminus; formerly {{jcon|Hwy|2|nosh=y}}; former Highway 5 follows {{jcon|bch|5|ot=y|fulltext=y}} and first section of Dundas Street |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint|former |
|||
{{Jctint |
|||
| location = Osborne Corners |
|||
|state=ON |
|||
| km = -22.4 |
|||
|location=Peters Corners |
|||
| road = {{jcon|Hwy|24|dir=south|city=Brantford}}<hr/>{{jcon|bch|99|dir=east|Governors Road}} |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
| notes = Former western end of Highway 24 concurrency; formerly {{jcon|Hwy|99|dir=east|nosh=y}}; end of first section of Dundas Street |
|||
|mile=18.3 |
|||
|road={{Jct|state=ON|Highway|8|dir1=|location1=[[Kitchener, Ontario|Kitchener]]-[[Waterloo, Ontario|Waterloo]]}} |
|||
|notes=Original 1920s maps list a route via Hagersville and Caledonia, now on Highway 6. |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint|former |
|||
{{Jctint |
|||
| location = |
|||
|state=ON |
|||
| km = -18.6 |
|||
|location=Clappison's Corners |
|||
| road = {{jcon|Hwy|24|dir=north|city=Cambridge}}<hr/>{{jcon|Brant|35|dir=west|Blue Lake Road}} |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
| notes = Former eastern end of Highway 24 concurrency |
|||
|mile=26.2 |
|||
|road={{jcon|Hwy|6|city=Burlington|city2=Guelph}} |
|||
|notes= |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint|former |
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{{Jctint |
|||
| location = St. George |
|||
|state=ON |
|||
| km = -15.6 |
|||
|location=Waterdown |
|||
| road = {{jcon|Brant|13|Main Street}} |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
| notes = |
|||
|mile=28.2 |
|||
|road= |
|||
|notes= |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint|former |
|||
{{Jctint |
|||
| municipality_special = [[County of Brant|Brant]]–[[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] boundary |
|||
|state=ON |
|||
| km = -12.6 |
|||
|location=Cooksville |
|||
| road = {{jcon|bch|5|dir=ends|fulltext=y}}<br/>{{jcon|Hamilton|5|dir=begins|fulltext=y}} |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
| notes = |
|||
|mile=50.2 |
|||
|road={{Jct|state=ON|Highway|10|dir1=|location1=[[Port Credit, Ontario|Port Credit]], [[Brampton, Ontario|Brampton]]}} |
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|notes=Mile 57.3 on the original 1920s route. |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Jctint |
|||
|state=ON |
|||
|location=Toronto |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
|mile=64.1 |
|||
|road={{Jct|state=ON|Highway|11|dir1=|location1=[[Barrie, Ontario|Barrie]]}} |
|||
}} |
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{{Jctint |
|||
|state=ON |
|||
|location=Toronto |
|||
|ctdab= |
|||
|mile=71.1 |
|||
|road={{Jct|state=ON|Highway|2|dir1=|location1=[[Montreal]]}} |
|||
|notes=Mile 73.6 on the original 1920s route.<br/>Hwy 5 ended in [[Toronto]], {{convert|7.0|mi|km}} east from Bloor/Yonge. |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Jctbtm}} |
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Only the portion between Highways 6 and 8 remains part of the provincial highway system. |
|||
{{ONinttop|maint=MTO|length_ref=<ref name="km">{{cite web |
|||
|title = Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) counts |
|||
|author = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario |
|||
|publisher = Government of Ontario |
|||
|year = 2008 |
|||
|url = http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/TrafficVolumes.nsf/tvweb?OpenForm&Seq=5 |
|||
|accessdate = February 15, 2012 |
|||
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110706192209/http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/TrafficVolumes.nsf/tvweb?OpenForm&Seq=5 |
|||
|archive-date = July 6, 2011 |
|||
|url-status = dead |
|||
}}</ref>|division=[[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]]}} |
|||
{{ONint |
{{ONint |
||
| municipality = Hamilton |
|||
| location_special = Peters Corners |
|||
| lspan = 6 |
|||
| type = trans |
|||
| km = 0.0 |
| km = 0.0 |
||
| road = {{jcon|Hwy|8|city=Cambridge}} |
| road = {{jcon|Hwy|5|dir=begins|nolink=y|shield=y}}<br/>{{jcon|Hamilton|5|dir=breaks}}<hr/>{{jcon|Hwy|8|dir=west|city=Cambridge}}<br/>{{jcon|Hamilton|52|dir=south|town=Copetown}} |
||
| notes = [[Peters Corners, Ontario|Peters Corners]]; current Highway 5 western terminus; formerly {{jcon|Hwy|52|dir=south|nosh=y}}; western end of Highway 8 concurrency |
|||
| notes = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint |
{{ONint |
||
| type = concur |
|||
| location_special = |
|||
| km = |
| km = 0.3 |
||
| road = |
| road = {{jcon|Hwy|8|dir=ends|fulltext=y}}<br/>{{jcon|Hamilton|8|dir=south|town=Dundas}} |
||
| notes = |
| notes = Formerly {{jcon|Hwy|8|dir=east|ot=y}}; eastern end of Highway 8 concurrency |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint |
{{ONint |
||
| km = 5.7 |
|||
| location_special = Brock Gardens |
|||
| |
| road = Brock Road |
||
| |
| notes = Formerly {{Jcon|hrr|504|nosh=y}} |
||
| notes = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint |
{{ONint |
||
| km = 9.8 |
|||
| location_special = Rock Chapel |
|||
| |
| road = Sydenham Road |
||
| |
| notes = Formerly {{Jcon|hrr|505|dir=south|nosh=y}} |
||
| road = {{Jcon|Hamilton|505|Sydenham Road}} |
|||
| notes = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint |
{{ONint |
||
| km = |
| km = 10.0 |
||
| |
| road = Millgrove Side Road |
||
| |
| notes = Formerly {{Jcon|hrr|505|dir=north|nosh=y}} |
||
| notes = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint |
{{ONint |
||
| |
| type = trans |
||
| |
| km = 12.8 |
||
| road = {{jcon|Hwy|6|city=Guelph|city2=Toronto}}, [[Brantford, Ontario|Brantford]]<hr/>{{jcon|Hwy|5|dir=ends|nolink=y|shield=y}}<br/>{{jcon|Hamilton|5|dir=resumes|[[Dundas Street]]}} |
|||
| notes = [[Clappison's Corners, Ontario|Clappison's Corners]]; current Highway 5 eastern terminus; beginning of second section of Dundas Street |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| division_special = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]]–[[Regional Municipality of Halton|Halton]] boundary |
|||
| location_special = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]]–[[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]] boundary |
|||
| km = 18.8 |
|||
| road = Kerns Road<hr/>{{jcon|Hamilton|5|dir=ends|fulltext=y}}<br/>{{jcon|Halton|5|dir=begins|fulltext=y}} |
|||
| notes = |
| notes = |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint |
{{ONint|former |
||
| division = Halton |
|||
| location_special = Clappison's Corners |
|||
| |
| dspan = 2 |
||
| |
| location = Burlington |
||
| km = 23.3 |
|||
| road = {{jcon|Toll|407 ETR}} |
|||
| notes = Highway 407 exit 5 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| location = Oakville |
|||
| km = 30.5 |
|||
| road = {{jcon|Halton|25|Bronte Road}} |
|||
| notes = Formerly {{jcon|Hwy|25|nosh=y}} |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| division_special = [[Regional Municipality of Halton|Halton]]–[[Regional Municipality of Peel|Peel]] boundary |
|||
| dspan = 2 |
|||
| location_special = [[Oakville, Ontario|Oakville]]–[[Mississauga, Ontario|Mississauga]] boundary |
|||
| lspan = 2 |
|||
| km = 41.5 |
|||
| road = {{jcon|Hwy|403}} |
|||
| notes = Highway 403 exit 106 |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| km = 43.0 |
|||
| road = {{jcon|Halton|5|dir=ends|fulltext=y}}<hr/>{{jcon|Peel|19|[[Winston Churchill Boulevard]]|}} |
|||
| notes = Unsigned concurrency with {{jcon|Halton|19|fulltext=y|nosh=y}} |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| division = Peel |
|||
| location = Mississauga |
|||
| km = 51.4 |
|||
| road = [[Hurontario Street]] |
|||
| notes = Formerly {{jcon|Hwy|10|nosh=y}} |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| municipality = Toronto |
|||
| lspan = 7 |
|||
| km = 58.7 |
|||
| road = {{jcon|Hwy|427}} |
|||
| notes = |
| notes = |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{ONint|former |
|||
{{jctbtm}} |
|||
| km = 61.4 |
|||
| road = [[Kipling Avenue]] / [[Bloor Street]] |
|||
| notes = Former Highway 5 follows Bloor Street while Dundas Street continues northeast |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| km = 73.1 |
|||
| road = [[Avenue Road, Toronto|Avenue Road]] |
|||
| notes = Formerly {{jcon|Hwy|11A|nosh=y}} |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| km = 73.7 |
|||
| road = [[Yonge Street]] |
|||
| notes = Formerly {{jcon|Hwy|11|nosh=y}} |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| km = 75.4 |
|||
| km2 = 76.1 |
|||
| uspan = 2 |
|||
| road = {{Jcon|Toronto|DVP}} |
|||
| notes = Don Valley Parkway exit 3; Bloor Street becomes [[Danforth Avenue]] |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| km = none |
|||
| bridge = [[Prince Edward Viaduct]] |
|||
}} |
|||
{{ONint|former |
|||
| km = 84.9 |
|||
| road = [[Kingston Road (Toronto)|Kingston Road]] |
|||
| notes = Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; formerly {{jcon|Hwy|2|nosh=y}}; former Highway 5 eastern terminus |
|||
}} |
|||
{{jctbtm|keys=closed,concur,trans}} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
;Sources |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
;Bibliography |
|||
*{{cite book |
|||
| title = From Footpaths to Freeways |
|||
| last1 = Shragge |
|||
| first1 = John |
|||
| last2 = Bagnato |
|||
| first2 = Sharon |
|||
| publisher = Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Historical Committee |
|||
| year = 1984 |
|||
| isbn = 0-7743-9388-2}} |
|||
{{Attached KML|display=title, inline}} |
{{Attached KML|display=title, inline}} |
Latest revision as of 22:57, 5 August 2024
Route information | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maintained by Ministry of Transportation of Ontario | |||||||
Length | 14.0 km[1] (8.7 mi) | ||||||
Existed | 1920–present | ||||||
Major junctions | |||||||
West end | Highway 8 – Dundas | ||||||
East end | Highway 6 – Waterdown | ||||||
Location | |||||||
Country | Canada | ||||||
Province | Ontario | ||||||
Major cities | Hamilton (Dundas & Waterdown) | ||||||
Highway system | |||||||
| |||||||
|
King's Highway 5, commonly referred to as Highway 5 and historically as the Dundas Highway and Governor's Road, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The east–west highway travels a distance of 12.7 km (7.9 mi) between Highway 8 at Peters Corners, north of Hamilton, and Highway 6 at Clappison's Corners. Prior to several sections being downloaded to the municipalities in which they were located, Highway 5 served as bypass to Highway 2, connecting with it in both Paris and Toronto, a distance of 114.3 km (71.0 mi).[2]
Highway 5 followed a significant piece of Dundas Street (historically also called The Governor's Road), one of two routes constructed under the orders of John Graves Simcoe during his short tenure as Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, the other being Yonge Street. The route was designated as part of the provincial highway system in 1920 and numbered as Highway 5 in 1925. Initially it travelled from Toronto to Clappison's Corners before turning south and following what would later become Highway 6 south through Hamilton and onwards to Jarvis. It was redirected west from Clappison's Corners to Peters Corners in 1927, and later to Paris in 1931.
Highway 5 was quickly engulfed by the growing outer suburbs of Toronto in the 1950s and 1960s, which led to various portions being transferred to local jurisdiction (though still signed as connecting links) over the years. The portions within Metropolitan Toronto were transferred in 1954, followed by portions through Mississauga in 1971, 1978 and 1991. By the 1990s, the provincially-maintained route only extended as far east as Highway 403; it was shortened to its present length in 1998.
Route description
[edit]Highway 5 serves as a short connector between Highway 8 in the west and Highway 6 in the east, and is essentially a continuation of Highway 8. This configuration comes as a result of the truncation of both highways by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO). The removed sections were transferred to the jurisdiction of the City of Toronto, the City of Mississauga, Halton Region, the City of Hamilton, the County of Brant, and Oxford County on January 1, 1998. Prior, Highway 5 followed two segments of Dundas Street between Toronto and Paris.
The current route of Highway 5 is almost entirely straight and rural. It passes immediately to the north of the Niagara Escarpment, a World Biosphere Reserve. South of the escarpment, at the western tip of Lake Ontario, is the Dundas district of Hamilton, which was once a separate town within the former Hamilton-Wentworth Region. It is 12.5 kilometres (7.8 mi) between Peters Corners and Clappison's Corners.
Highway 5 begins at a roundabout at the southern end of Highway 8 and the northern end of former Highway 52 in Peters Corners. To the west, the road is now Hamilton Road 5 (which the highway is now designated as beyond both ends of its remaining length through Hamilton). It proceeds westwards towards Paris. Proceeding east, it crosses a ravine, divides a large woodlot and passes through agricultural lands. It crosses Spencer Creek as it approaches Brock Road. Spencer Creek plunges over the nearby escarpment at Webster's Falls. Highway 5 then passes through a rural residential area and returns to a farmland setting. It passes through the rural hamlet of Rock Chapel, and then curves to the left on its final approach to Highway 6. East of Highway 6, the road continues as the eastern section of Hamilton Road 5, and becomes Dundas Street.
The MTO still maintains a 1.1-kilometre (0.68 mi) portion of Dundas Street at the Highway 407 interchange in Burlington, a 400-metre (440 yd) portion at the Highway 403 interchange on the Oakville–Mississauga boundary, and a 1.9-kilometre (1.2 mi) portion at the Highway 427 interchange in Toronto.[1]
History
[edit]Predecessors
[edit]Dundas Street is one of the oldest roads in Ontario, created before Confederation when the province was known as Upper Canada (a reference to being upstream from Lower Canada on the St. Lawrence River). Under the orders of the first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe, Captain Samuel Smith led 100 of the Queen's Rangers to open a road from the head of Lake Ontario (now known as Dundas) to La Tranche (later London) in early 1791. The first 32 kilometres (20 mi) from the lakehead to the Grand River—where the Mohawk village that was home to Joseph Brant was located—were blazed by the rangers by October 25, 1793. Another 75 kilometres (47 mi) were cleared from the Grand River to the forks of the Thames River by the spring of 1794.[3]
In 1795, Asa Danforth, the namesake of Danforth Avenue, opened a road east to the new town of York (now Toronto). These early trails "involved nothing more than clearing a corridor through the bush, leaving the bigger stumps to rot, often detouring around the really big trees."[4] The nature of travel in this period meant that daily movement was limited to several miles, and as a result hotels and taverns were established every few miles.[4] Several of these became the seeds of villages, such as Waterdown, Cooksville and Islington.[5]
Designation
[edit]When the Department of Public Highways of Ontario (DPHO) began taking over the responsibility of roads in 1917, it did not assign route numbers. Highways were instead initially referred to by the major cities they connected. What would become Provincial Highway 5 during the summer of 1925 was initially known as the Hamilton–Jarvis Highway and the Dundas Highway.[8][9][10] Throughout the summer of 1920, several roads were taken over by the DPHO through Haldimand County, Wentworth County, Halton County, Peel County and York County. Within Haldimand County, the road between Jarvis and north of Caledonia was taken over (or assumed) by the province on June 24, 1920. Another set of roads were assumed through Wentworth on July 8, connecting with the portion in Haldimand County, through Hamilton to Clappison's Corners and east through Waterdown along Dundas Street. Within Peel, through what is now Mississauga, Dundas Street was assumed on July 22. A portion within York County was assumed through Etobicoke from its western boundary as far east as the village of Islington on July 29. A final segment of Dundas Street, within Halton from Waterdown to what is now Winston Churchill Boulevard, was assumed on July 31.[11] Portions of the route through Caledonia, Hagersville, Jarvis and Hamilton were not assumed by the DPHO.[10][11]
Several more segments of road were assumed the following year, including two portions on the outskirts of Toronto. On March 16, 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) of Dundas Street, between Islington Village (at the modern corners of Dundas, Bloor and Kipling) and the Toronto city limits at Jane Street were assumed by the DPHO. On September 14, another 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) of road were assumed along Danforth Avenue, from Sibley Avenue to Kingston Road, via Pinegrove Avenue and Highview Avenue;[12][13] Danforth Avenue did not continue east of Warden Avenue at this time, and so the DPHO constructed a new railway overpass and extended the route to Kingston Road, opening in 1925.[14]
Within Wentworth County, the construction of the Clappison Cut through the Niagara Escarpment was underway by 1921, with the aim of bypassing the winding old route that is known today as Old Guelph Road.[9] The new route, which travelled straight along the boundary between East and West Flamboro, was assumed on January 12, 1921.[12] The province and the City of Hamilton also constructed several new bridges across Cootes Paradise to create a new northwest entrance into Hamilton. The new entrance, connecting the Toronto–Hamilton Highway (later Highway 2) with the incomplete route up the escarpment to Clappison's Corners, was ceremonially opened by the Minister of Public Works and Highways, Frank Campbell Biggs, on August 23, 1922.[15] The Clappison Cut was completed and paved in 1924.[14]
-
A set of rails were installed to remove excavated earth and rock.
-
Completed work
Highway 5 and Highway 6 travelled concurrently from Highway 8 (Main Street) in downtown Hamilton to Clappison's Corners when route numbers were assigned in 1925.[8] Highway 5 was 127.4 kilometres (79.2 mi) long at this time. This situation was short lived however, as Highway 5 was redirected west from Clappison's Corners to Peters Corners to meet Highway 8 on May 25, 1927. Highway 6, in turn, assumed the route of Highway 5 south to Jarvis.[16] The route was extended further west in 1930, when the newly-renamed Department of Highways (DHO) assumed the road from Highway 8 at Peters Corners to Highway 24 west of St. George, as well as the Governor's Road between Highway 24 and Highway 2 at Paris. The 19.0-kilometre (11.8 mi) road between Highway 8 and Highway 24, through Beverley and South Dumfries was designated on June 18, while the 6.8-kilometre (4.2 mi) section of the Governor's Road, along the boundary between South Dumfries and Brantford Township, was designated several months later on September 24.[17] These two segments were connected by a concurrency with Highway 24.[18] This brought the length of the route to 114.3 kilometres (71.0 mi), including the approximately 16.1 kilometres (10.0 mi) of Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue between Jane Street and Sibley Avenue, within the Toronto city limits.[19]
Paving and improvements
[edit]When the Hamilton–Jarvis Highway and Dundas Street were assumed by the province, they were paved from Islington village west to Summerville (near Dixie Road), but were otherwise gravel throughout. The route was paved between Mount Hope and Hamilton, between Sixteen Mile Creek and Summerville, as well as along Bloor Street from Islington village to Jane Street in 1921. New bridges were also completed over Sixteen Mile Creek and Mimico Creek.[6][9][10] In 1923, the remainder of the route between Sixteen Mile Creek and Hamilton, including the new Clappison Cut, was paved. This was followed the next year by the construction of a water-bound macadam surface between Jarvis and Caledonia, completing the hard-surfaced road between Jarvis and Hamilton.[14] That year also saw the completion of a new high-level bridge along Bloor Street over the Humber River, bypassing the old route along Old Mill Road and Old Mill Drive. The bridge was opened ceremoniously by then Minister of Highways—and later premier—George Stewart Henry on November 21, 1924.[20]
When the portion of Highway 5 west of Clappison's Corners was assumed in 1927, it was already paved as far west as the Brock Road, approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi).[21] However, the DPHO paved the entire length between Peters Corners and Clappison's Corners in 1928.[22] When the province assumed the remainder of the route to Paris, it began paving the highway west from Peters Corners. Paving was completed for 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to Troy in 1930 and 1931;[23] another 10 km were completed from Troy to Highway 24 in 1932, including a railway underpass at St. George.[24] The final 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi) east from Paris to Highway 24 were paved in 1933.[25]
Within Scarborough, the DHO began a project to widen Kingston Road to a dual highway in the mid 1930s, which would ultimately result in the construction of the first segment of Highway 401. This construction began at the intersection of Highway 2 and Highway 5 and proceeded northwest. At the intersection of the two highways, the DHO constructed a new grade-separation around the Scarborough Cenotaph beginning in 1936.[26] the overpass, carrying eastbound traffic from Danforth Avenue onto eastbound Kingston Road, was completed in 1938, though landscaping continued into 1939.[27][28] This junction remains in place today, almost unchanged since then.[29]
As suburbanization of Toronto encroached on Toronto Township—which would become the town of Mississauga in 1968—the DHO began to widen Highway 5 to four lanes across Peel and Halton in the 1960s, beginning with the section between Highway 10 at Cooksville and Mississauga Road in 1961.[30][31] In the late 1970s, construction began on Highway 403 through Mississauga. As part of this new freeway, an interchange with Highway 5 was built just east of Ninth Line, on the Oakville–Mississauga boundary. The interchange opened along with the segment of Highway 403 south to the Queen Elizabeth Way at Ford Drive in mid-1981; the freeway was extended north to Erin Mills Parkway on November 17th of that year.[32][33]
Shift of responsibility
[edit]Following the creation of Metropolitan Toronto on April 15, 1953,[34] the new municipality was given responsibility for most of the provincial highways that passed within its boundaries that were not already connecting links following streets urbanized prior to this time. The sections of Highway 5 through Etobicoke and Scarborough were accordingly redesignated as connecting links and their maintenance given over to the new Metro government on January 15, 1954.[35] A 12.1-kilometre (7.5 mi) portion of Highway 5 from Etobicoke Creek west to Mississauga Road was made a connecting link though the recently-established Town of Mississauga on April 1, 1970.[36] Another 2.8 kilometres (1.7 mi), between Winston Churchill Boulevard and Mississauga Road in Mississauga, was designated a connecting link on November 22, 1978.[citation needed] on November 27, 1991, a 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) segment of Dundas Street, from the interchange with Highway 403 east to Winston Churchill Boulevard, was made a connecting link through the municipal boundary area between Mississauga and Oakville, and maintenance was transferred to these municipalities.[citation needed] As the connecting links were technically still part of Highway 5, shields continued to be posted along it and marked on the Official Ontario Road Map through Mississauga and Metropolitan Toronto up until 1998 when the highway designation was dropped altogether [37]
As part of a series of budget cuts initiated by premier Mike Harris under his Common Sense Revolution platform in 1995, numerous highways deemed to no longer be of significance to the provincial network were downloaded to a lower level of government. As it generally served as a local arterial road through the growing suburbs of Oakville and Burlington, Highway 5 was downloaded from Highway 6 at Clappison's Corners to Highway 403, and transferred to the Regional Municipalities of Hamilton–Wentworth and Halton on January 1, 1998. On the same day, the portions of the route west of Peters Corners were transferred to Hamilton–Wentworth and the County of Brant. This removed 53.3 kilometres (33.1 mi) from the length of the highway, leaving only the portion between Peters Corners and Clappison's Corners in the provincial highway network.[38]
Nonetheless the MTO continues to maintain short segments of Dundas Street (former Highway 5) at interchanges with provincial freeways, including a 400-metre (440 yd) portion at Highway 403, as well as a 1.9-kilometre (1.2 mi) portion at Highway 427.[1]
Since 1998
[edit]In July 2001, a new interchange with Highway 407 ETR was opened, connecting the extension of the toll highway with former Highway 5 in Burlington.[39]
An operational and safety review of the three intersections at Peters Corners near Hamilton was undertaken in February 2001. Studies, including an environmental assessment were conducted between 2004 and 2009, and settled upon a roundabout as the ideal replacement, with traffic signals at the two intersections with Westover Road (former Highway 52).[40] Construction began in the spring of 2012,[40] and the C$6.3 million roundabout was opened on September 25, 2012.[41]
Major intersections
[edit]The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 5, as noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario.[1]
Division | Location | km[1] | mi | Destinations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brant | Paris | −29.2 | −18.1 | County Highway 5 begins County Highway 2 (Dundas Street / Paris Road) County Road 55 north (Green Lane) | Formerly Highway 5 western terminus; formerly Highway 2; former Highway 5 follows Brant County Highway 5 and first section of Dundas Street |
Osborne Corners | −22.4 | −13.9 | Highway 24 south – Brantford County Highway 99 east (Governors Road) | Former western end of Highway 24 concurrency; formerly Highway 99 east; end of first section of Dundas Street | |
−18.6 | −11.6 | Highway 24 north – Cambridge County Road 35 west (Blue Lake Road) | Former eastern end of Highway 24 concurrency | ||
St. George | −15.6 | −9.7 | County Road 13 (Main Street) | ||
Brant–Hamilton boundary | −12.6 | −7.8 | Brant County Highway 5 ends Hamilton City Road 5 begins | ||
Hamilton | 0.0 | 0.0 | Highway 5 begins City Road 5 breaks Highway 8 west – Cambridge City Road 52 south – Copetown | Peters Corners; current Highway 5 western terminus; formerly Highway 52 south; western end of Highway 8 concurrency | |
0.3 | 0.19 | Highway 8 ends City Road 8 south – Dundas | Formerly Highway 8 east; eastern end of Highway 8 concurrency | ||
5.7 | 3.5 | Brock Road | Formerly Regional Road 504 | ||
9.8 | 6.1 | Sydenham Road | Formerly Regional Road 505 south | ||
10.0 | 6.2 | Millgrove Side Road | Formerly Regional Road 505 north | ||
12.8 | 8.0 | Highway 6 – Guelph, Toronto, Brantford Highway 5 ends City Road 5 resumes (Dundas Street) | Clappison's Corners; current Highway 5 eastern terminus; beginning of second section of Dundas Street | ||
Hamilton–Halton boundary | Hamilton–Burlington boundary | 18.8 | 11.7 | Kerns Road Hamilton City Road 5 ends Halton Regional Road 5 begins | |
Halton | Burlington | 23.3 | 14.5 | 407 ETR | Highway 407 exit 5 |
Oakville | 30.5 | 19.0 | Regional Road 25 (Bronte Road) | Formerly Highway 25 | |
Halton–Peel boundary | Oakville–Mississauga boundary | 41.5 | 25.8 | Highway 403 | Highway 403 exit 106 |
43.0 | 26.7 | Halton Regional Road 5 ends Regional Road 19 (Winston Churchill Boulevard) | Unsigned concurrency with Halton Regional Road 19 | ||
Peel | Mississauga | 51.4 | 31.9 | Hurontario Street | Formerly Highway 10 |
Toronto | 58.7 | 36.5 | Highway 427 | ||
61.4 | 38.2 | Kipling Avenue / Bloor Street | Former Highway 5 follows Bloor Street while Dundas Street continues northeast | ||
73.1 | 45.4 | Avenue Road | Formerly Highway 11A | ||
73.7 | 45.8 | Yonge Street | Formerly Highway 11 | ||
75.4– 76.1 | 46.9– 47.3 | Don Valley Parkway | Don Valley Parkway exit 3; Bloor Street becomes Danforth Avenue | ||
84.9 | 52.8 | Kingston Road | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; formerly Highway 2; former Highway 5 eastern terminus | ||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
References
[edit]- Sources
- ^ a b c d Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (2016). "Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) counts". Government of Ontario. pp. 102–106. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
- ^ Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (April 1, 1989). "Provincial Highways Distance Table". Provincial Highways Distance Table: King's Secondary Highways and Tertiary Roads. Government of Ontario: 14–15. ISSN 0825-5350.
- ^ Shragge & Bagnato 1984, pp. 10, 11.
- ^ a b Shragge & Bagnato 1984, p. 11.
- ^ Marshall, Sean (July 5, 2011). "Lost Villages: Cooksville". Spacing Toronto. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
- ^ a b "Bridges Completed on Provincial Highways During 1921". Annual Report (Report) (1921 ed.). Department of Public Highways. April 26, 1923. p. 27. Retrieved April 20, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Annual Report (Report) (1922 ed.). Department of Public Highways. May 28, 1923. p. 8. Retrieved April 16, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b "Provincial Highways Now Being Numbered". The Canadian Engineer. 49 (8). Monetary Times Print: 246. August 25, 1925.
Numbering of the various provincial highways in Ontario has been commenced by the Department of Public Highways. Resident engineers are now receiving metal numbers to be placed on poles along the provincial highways. These numbers will also be placed on poles throughout cities, towns and villages, and motorists should then have no trouble in finding their way in and out of urban municipalities. Road designations from "2" to "17" have already been allotted... Road No. 5 — Toronto to Jarvis, via Dundas Highway and Hamilton. Route No. 6 — Hamilton to Owen Sound.
- ^ a b c "Toronto–Hamilton Highway (via Dundas St.)". Annual Report (Report) (1921 ed.). Department of Public Highways. April 26, 1923. p. 51. Retrieved April 13, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c "Hamilton–Jarvis Highway". Annual Report (Report) (1921 ed.). Department of Public Highways. April 26, 1923. p. 44. Retrieved April 13, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b "Provincial Highways Assumed in 1920". Annual Report (Report) (1920 ed.). Department of Public Highways. April 26, 1921. pp. 42–45. Retrieved April 13, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b "Provincial Highways Assumed in 1921". Annual Report (Report) (1921 ed.). Department of Public Highways. April 26, 1923. p. 23. Retrieved April 13, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Toronto, Ontario. Map Sheet 30 M/11 (Map). 1:63,360. Cartography by General Staff, Geographical Section. Department of National Defence. 1927. Retrieved April 16, 2022 – via Scholars GeoPortal.
- ^ a b c Annual Report (Report) (1923, 1924 and 1925 ed.). Department of Public Highways. April 26, 1926. p. 68. Retrieved April 18, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Munro, Ewart (August 24, 1922). "New Highways Tap Hamilton on Two Sides: Hon. F. C. Biggs Officially Opens New Bridges and Niagara Link". The Globe and Mail. p. 1. ProQuest 1356404596 (subscription required).
- ^ "Appendix 6 - Schedule of Assumptions and Reversions of Sections of the Provincial Highway System for the Years 1926 and 1927". Annual Report (Report). Department of Public Highways. March 31, 1928. pp. 59–60. Retrieved April 18, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Appendix 5 - Schedule of Assumptions and Reversions of Sections of the King's Highway System for the Years 1930 and 1931". Annual Report (Report). Department of Highways. October 24, 1932. p. 76. Retrieved April 19, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Ontario Road Map (Map) (1931–32 ed.). Department of Highways of Ontario. Retrieved April 19, 2022 – via Archives of Ontario.
- ^ "Highway 5 route in 1931" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
- ^ "Beautiful Bridge is Connecting Link on Great Highway". The Globe and Mail. November 22, 1924. p. 15. ProQuest 1354611886 (subscription required).
- ^ Photo minisisinc.com
- ^ "Provincial Highway Construction, 1928". Annual Report (Report) (1928 and 1929 ed.). Department of Public Highways. March 3, 1931. p. 23. Retrieved April 20, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Pavement Operations during 1930, Pavement Construction on the Highway System in 1931". Annual Report (Report) (1930 and 1931 ed.). Department of Highways. October 24, 1932. pp. 31–33. Retrieved April 20, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Pavement Construction in 1932". Annual Report (Report) (1932 ed.). Department of Highways. March 5, 1934. p. 22. Retrieved April 20, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "1933 Construction Operations". Annual Report (Report) (1933 and 1934 ed.). Department of Highways. March 18, 1935. p. 23. Retrieved April 20, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "King's Highway Operations: Residency No. 6—Toronto". Annual Report (Report) (1936 ed.). Department of Highways. February 23, 1938. p. 20. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "King's Highway Operations: Residency No. 6—Toronto". Annual Report (Report) (1938 ed.). Department of Highways. October 26, 1939. p. 26. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "King's Highway Operations: Summary of Construction Projects". Annual Report (Report) (1939 ed.). Department of Highways. December 31, 1940. p. 18. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Junction of Danforth Avenue and Kingston Road at the Scarborough Cenotaph" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved April 21, 2022.
- ^ "Will Widen Highway 5 in Cooksville District". The Expositor. 19 July 1960. p. 1.
- ^ "Homeowners Don't Want Four Lanes". The Kingston Whig-Standard. 17 May 1961. p. 12.
- ^ Calleja, Frank (November 8, 1979). "Doubts Raised About Route of New 403". Toronto Star. p. A19. ProQuest 1373285177 (subscription required).
- ^ Dexter, Brian (November 17, 1981). "Highway 403 Section Open to Traffic Today". Toronto Star. p. A18. ProQuest 1434811343 (subscription required).
It runs west from Erin Mills Parkway north of Burnhamthorpe Road, to Highway 5 in Oakville, where a spur to the Queen Elizabeth Way at Ford Drive has been used by traffic for several months.
- ^ Rose, Albert (April 1, 1964). "A Decade of Metropolitan Government in Toronto". Buffalo Law Review. 13 (3): 539. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
- ^ "Appendix No. 3 – Schedule of Assumptions and Reversions of Sections of the King's Highway System for the Fiscal Year Ending March 31, 1954". Annual Report (Report) (1954 ed.). Department of Highways. March 31, 1954. pp. 156–157. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
- ^ "Annual Report". 1968.
- ^ Ontario Road Map (Map). Cartography by Surveys and Mapping Section, Surveys and Design Office. Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. 1997. Metropolitan Toronto inset. Retrieved April 21, 2022 – via Archives of Ontario.
- ^ Highway Transfers List – "Who Does What" (Report). Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. June 20, 2001. pp. 2, 4.
- ^ Settlement of Claim of Richard Prendiville (PDF) (Report). Ontario Superior Court of Justice. December 12, 2001. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 27, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
- ^ a b "Gonna Go 'Round in Circles". Road Talk. Vol. 19, no. 2. Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- ^ Nolan, Daniel (September 11, 2012). "Some doubt about new roundabout". Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- Bibliography
- Shragge, John; Bagnato, Sharon (1984). From Footpaths to Freeways. Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Historical Committee. ISBN 0-7743-9388-2.