Cardiff Roman Fort: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Former Roman castle in Wales}} |
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'''Cardiff Roman Fort''' was a coastal [[castra|fort]] in the [[Roman province]] of [[Britannia Superior]], of which [[Roman Wales]] was a part. Its original [[Latin]] name is uncertain. Its remains are incorporated into [[Cardiff Castle]] in the modern [[capital city]] of [[Wales]]. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} |
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{{Infobox castrum |
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| image = Cardiff Castle - North Gate - 2022-08-18 (1).jpg |
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| caption = Reconstructed Roman gateway to Cardiff castle |
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| names = |
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| alt_names = |
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| known_as = |
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| built_during_reign_of = |
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| founded = |
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| abandoned = |
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| attested_by = |
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| previous_fortification = |
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| type = |
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| robust_struct_material = |
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| robust_struct_built_during_reign_of = |
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| robust_struct_built = |
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| robust_struct_abandoned= |
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| robust_struct_dim1 = |
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| robust_struct_dim2 = |
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| robust_struct_area = |
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| robust_struct_shape = |
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| robust_struct_thickness= |
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| robust_struct_technique= |
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| robust_struct_towers = |
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| weak_struct_material = |
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| weak_struct_built_during_reign_of = |
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| weak_struct_built = |
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| weak_struct_abandoned = |
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| weak_struct_dim1 = |
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| weak_struct_dim2 = |
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| weak_struct_area = |
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| weak_struct_shape = |
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| weak_struct_thickness = |
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| weak_struct_technique = |
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| weak_struct_towers = |
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| commanders = |
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| legions = |
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| cohorts = |
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| alae = |
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| classis = |
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| numberi = |
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| events = |
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| province = [[Britannia]] |
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| capital_of = |
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| admin_unit_1 = |
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| admin_unit_2 = |
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| limes = |
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| nearby_water = |
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| links = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|51.4822|-3.1814|display=inline,title}} |
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| altitude_m = |
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| altitude_ref = |
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| map = Wales Cardiff |
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| map_alt = <!-- Alternative text for map, see WP:ALT for details --> |
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| map_caption = |
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| map_size = <!-- Width of map image, overrides default of 250 --> |
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| map_relief = <!-- Any non-blank value to display relief map, if available --> |
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| place_name = |
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| location_town = Cardiff |
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| location_county = |
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| location_state = |
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| location_country = Wales |
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| ref:UK:OSNG = ST180765 |
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| ref:RO:LMI = |
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| ref:RO:RAN = |
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| ref:UNESCO = |
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| coins_found = |
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| discovery_year = |
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| condition = |
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| controlled_by = |
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| excavations = |
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| exhibitions = |
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| website = |
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| notes = |
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}} |
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'''Cardiff Roman Fort''' was a coastal [[castra|fort]] in the [[Roman province]] of [[Britannia Superior]], of which [[Wales in the Roman Era|Roman Wales]] was a part. Its original [[Latin]] name is uncertain. Its remains are incorporated into [[Cardiff Castle]] in the modern [[capital city]] of [[Wales]]. |
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==Name== |
==Name== |
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The fort's name is unknown. It could have been '''Tamium''' as appears in the [[Ravenna Cosmography]], although this may have been a river name and thus refers to the [[River Taff]]. Alternatively it may be '''Bovium''' (corrected from '''Bomio''') of the [[Antonine Itinerary]]. |
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[[File:Cardiff Castle (Roman wall).jpg|thumb|left|Cardiff Castle. The stones below the bed bricks are the original Roman fort]] |
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The fort's name is uncertain. It could have been '''Tamium''' as appears in the [[Ravenna Cosmography]], although this may have been a river name and thus refers to the [[River Taff]]. Alternatively it may be '''Bovium''' (corrected from '''Bomio''') of the [[Antonine Itinerary]]. |
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==Early forts== |
==Early forts== |
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Prior to the building of the extant fort, there were at least two previous [[Roman Britain|Roman]] forts on the site. The first was probably a vexillation camp built during attempted conquest of the [[Silures]] tribe around AD 55. About twenty years later, after a period of abandonment, a new smaller [[Roman auxiliary]] fort was constructed and was possibly occupied, along with a civilian [[vicus]], until the reign of the Emperor [[Hadrian]]. From the late 2nd to the mid-3rd century, civilian timber buildings associated with iron working occupied the site. |
Prior to the building of the extant fort, there were at least two previous [[Roman Britain|Roman]] forts on the site. The first was probably a vexillation camp built during attempted conquest of the [[Silures]] tribe around AD 55. About twenty years later, after a period of abandonment, a new smaller [[Roman auxiliary]] fort was constructed and was possibly occupied, along with a civilian [[Vicus (Rome)|vicus]], until the reign of the Emperor [[Hadrian]]. From the late 2nd to the mid-3rd century, civilian timber buildings associated with iron working occupied the site. |
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==Carausian shore fort== |
==Carausian shore fort== |
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[[File:Portchester castle 02.jpg|thumb|left|Portchester (''[[Portus Adurni]]'') is the best preserved Roman fort north of the Alps.<ref>{{harvnb|Goodall|2008|p=3}}</ref> The D-shaped towers are typical of 3rd-century of Roman forts.]] |
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Around 290, a 9 acre (3.57 hectare) shore fort was built on the site, not unlike the almost complete example at [[Portus Adurni|Portchester]] in [[Hampshire]]. Its walls were ten feet thick and it was positioned to control access to the upper reaches of the [[River Severn]]. There may have been associated watch towers on the now eroded cliffs to the west. This is believed to have been the Emperor [[Carausius]]' response to increased [[Irish people|Irish]] raids. Its military/naval force eventually moved elsewhere about 370. |
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Around 290, a 9-acre (3.57 hectare) shore fort was built on the site, not unlike the almost complete example at [[Portus Adurni|Portchester]] in [[Hampshire]]. Its walls were ten feet thick and it was positioned to control access to the upper reaches of the [[River Severn]]. There may have been associated watch towers on the now eroded cliffs to the west. This is believed to have been the Emperor [[Carausius]]' response to increased [[Irish people|Irish]] raids. Its military/naval force eventually moved elsewhere about 370. |
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==Post-Roman legends== |
==Post-Roman legends== |
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The ruinous fort appears as the residence of 'King Ynwyl' in the story of [[Geraint and Enid]], a medieval romance associated with the [[Mabinogion]]. [[Geraint]] was possibly a 5th |
The ruinous fort appears as the residence of 'King Ynwyl' in the story of [[Geraint and Enid]], a medieval romance associated with the [[Mabinogion]]. [[Geraint]] was possibly a 5th-century King of [[Dumnonia]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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;Notes |
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*{{cite book | last=Arnold | first=Christopher J | coauthors=Davies, Jeffrey L | title=Roman & Early Medieval Wales | date=2000 | publisher=Sutton Publishing | location=Stroud}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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*{{cite web | last = Ford | first = David Nash | title = The 28 Cities of Britain as listed by Nennius | work = Early British Kingdoms | date = 1996 | url = http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/articles/nenniuscities.html | accessdate = 2007-02-16}} |
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*{{cite book | last = Rivet | first = A L F | coauthors = Smith, Colin | title = The Place-Names of Roman Britain | publisher = B T Batsford | date = 1979 | location = London}} |
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;Bibliography |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{cite book | last=Arnold | first=Christopher J. |author2=Davies, Jeffrey L | title=Roman & Early Medieval Wales | date=2000 | publisher=Sutton Publishing | location=Stroud}} |
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*{{citation |last=Goodall |first=John |authorlink=John Goodall (author) |title=Portchester Castle |publisher=[[English Heritage]] |year=2008 |origyear=2003 |location=London |isbn=978-1-84802-007-8}} |
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*{{cite book | last = Rivet | first = A. L. F. |author2=Smith, Colin | title = The Place-Names of Roman Britain | publisher = B. T. Batsford | date = 1979 | location = London}} |
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{{refend}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{commons category}} |
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*[http://www.roman-britain.org/places/cardiff.htm Cardiff Roman Fort on the Roman Britain website] |
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*[http://www. |
*[http://www.roman-britain.co.uk/places/cardiff/ Cardiff Roman Fort on the Roman Britain website] |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071031123738/http://www.gtj.org.uk/item.php?lang=en&id=201&t=1 Aerial photo of the site taken in 1988] |
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{{Culture in Cardiff}} |
{{Culture in Cardiff}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{coord missing|Glamorgan}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Roman fortifications in Cardiff]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Cardiff]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Scheduled monuments in Cardiff]] |
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[[Category:History of Cardiff]] |
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[[Category:Former populated places in Wales]] |
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[[Category:Roman auxiliary forts in Wales]] |
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[[Category:Roman legionary fortresses in Wales]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:59, 6 August 2024
| Cardiff Roman Fort | |
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.jpg) Reconstructed Roman gateway to Cardiff castle | |
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| Place in the Roman world | |
| Province | Britannia |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 51°28′56″N 3°10′53″W / 51.4822°N 3.1814°W |
| Town | Cardiff |
| Country | Wales |
| Reference | |
| UK-OSNG reference | ST180765 |
Cardiff Roman Fort was a coastal fort in the Roman province of Britannia Superior, of which Roman Wales was a part. Its original Latin name is uncertain. Its remains are incorporated into Cardiff Castle in the modern capital city of Wales.
Name
[edit].jpg)
The fort's name is uncertain. It could have been Tamium as appears in the Ravenna Cosmography, although this may have been a river name and thus refers to the River Taff. Alternatively it may be Bovium (corrected from Bomio) of the Antonine Itinerary.
Early forts
[edit]Prior to the building of the extant fort, there were at least two previous Roman forts on the site. The first was probably a vexillation camp built during attempted conquest of the Silures tribe around AD 55. About twenty years later, after a period of abandonment, a new smaller Roman auxiliary fort was constructed and was possibly occupied, along with a civilian vicus, until the reign of the Emperor Hadrian. From the late 2nd to the mid-3rd century, civilian timber buildings associated with iron working occupied the site.
Carausian shore fort
[edit]
Around 290, a 9-acre (3.57 hectare) shore fort was built on the site, not unlike the almost complete example at Portchester in Hampshire. Its walls were ten feet thick and it was positioned to control access to the upper reaches of the River Severn. There may have been associated watch towers on the now eroded cliffs to the west. This is believed to have been the Emperor Carausius' response to increased Irish raids. Its military/naval force eventually moved elsewhere about 370.
Post-Roman legends
[edit]The ruinous fort appears as the residence of 'King Ynwyl' in the story of Geraint and Enid, a medieval romance associated with the Mabinogion. Geraint was possibly a 5th-century King of Dumnonia.
References
[edit]- Notes
- ^ Goodall 2008, p. 3
- Bibliography
- Arnold, Christopher J.; Davies, Jeffrey L (2000). Roman & Early Medieval Wales. Stroud: Sutton Publishing.
- Goodall, John (2008) [2003], Portchester Castle, London: English Heritage, ISBN 978-1-84802-007-8
- Rivet, A. L. F.; Smith, Colin (1979). The Place-Names of Roman Britain. London: B. T. Batsford.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cardiff Roman Fort.
| Authority control databases: Geographic |
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