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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from 1009 to 1012}}
{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from 1009 to 1012}}
{{redirect|Sergius IV|the Duke of Naples from 1002 to 1036|Sergius IV of Naples}}
{{redirect|Sergius IV|the Duke of Naples from 1002 to 1036|Sergius IV of Naples}}
{{Infobox Christian leader | type = Pope
{{Infobox Christian leader | type = Pope
|honorific-prefix=Pope
|honorific-prefix=[[List of popes|Pope]]
|name=Sergius IV
|name=Sergius IV
|title= [[Bishop of Rome]]
|title= [[Bishop of Rome]]
|church= [[Catholic Church]]
|church= [[Catholic Church]]
|image=
|birth_name=Pietro Martino Buccaporci
|birth_name=Pietro Martino Buccaporci
|term_start=31 July 1009
|term_start=31 July 1009
Line 16: Line 16:
|created_cardinal_by=John XVIII
|created_cardinal_by=John XVIII
|birth_date=
|birth_date=
|birth_place=[[Rome]], [[Papal States]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
|birth_place=[[Rome]], [[Papal States]], {{awrap|Holy Roman Empire}}
|death_date={{death date|1012|5|12}}
|death_date={{death date|1012|5|12|df=y}}
|death_place=Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
|death_place=Rome, Papal States, {{awrap|Holy Roman Empire}}
|previous_post={{unbulleted list|[[Cardinal-Bishop of Albano]] (1004–1009)}}
|previous_post={{unbulleted list|[[Cardinal-Bishop of Albano]] (1004–1009)}}
|other=Sergius}}
|other=Sergius}}


'''Pope Sergius IV''' (died 12 May 1012) was the [[bishop of Rome]] and nominal ruler of the [[Papal States]] from 31 July 1009 to his death. His temporal power was eclipsed by the patrician [[John Crescentius]]. Sergius IV may have called for the expulsion of Muslims from the [[Holy Land]], but this is disputed. Since his time, the practice that the person who has been elected to the office pope takes on a new name became tradition.<ref name="Goez">{{cite journal |last1=Goez |first1=Werner |title=PAPA QUI ET EPISCOPUS: ZUM SELBSTVERSTÄNDNIS DES REFORMPAPSTTUMS IM 11. JAHRHUNDERT |journal=Archivum Historiae Pontificiae |date=1970 |volume=8 |pages=27–59 |jstor=23563726 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23563726}}</ref>
'''Pope Sergius IV''' (died 12 May 1012) was the [[bishop of Rome]] and nominal ruler of the [[Papal States]] from 31 July 1009 to his death. His [[temporal power (papal)|temporal power]] was eclipsed by the patrician [[John Crescentius]]. Sergius IV may have called for the expulsion of Muslims from the [[Holy Land]], but this is disputed. Since his time, the practice that the person who has been elected to the office of pope takes on a new name became a tradition.<ref name="Goez">{{cite journal |last1=Goez |first1=Werner |title=PAPA QUI ET EPISCOPUS: ZUM SELBSTVERSTÄNDNIS DES REFORMPAPSTTUMS IM 11. JAHRHUNDERT |journal=Archivum Historiae Pontificiae |date=1970 |volume=8 |pages=27–59 |jstor=23563726 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23563726}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Pietro Martino Buccaporci was born in [[Rome]] in the "Pina" district, at an unknown date, the son of Peter the Shoemaker and Stephania.<ref>Duchesne, p. 267.</ref> He was called ''Pietro Martino Buccaporci'', which was neither his birth name, nor the name of his family, but apparently a nickname given him because of his personal habits.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alphonsus Ciaconius (Alfonso Chacón)|editor=Agostinus Olduinus|title=Vitae et res gestae pontificum romanorum: et S.R.E. cardinalium|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0RdFAAAAcAAJ|volume=Tomus primus|year=1677|publisher=P. et A. De Rubeis|location=Roma|language=Latin|page=765}}</ref>
Pietro Martino Buccaporci was born in [[Rome]] in the "Pina" district, at an unknown date, the son of Peter the Shoemaker and Stephania.<ref>Duchesne, p. 267.</ref> ''Buccaporci'' ("Pig's snout") was neither his birth name nor the name of his family, but apparently a nickname given to him because of his personal habits.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alphonsus Ciaconius (Alfonso Chacón)|editor=Agostinus Olduinus|title=Vitae et res gestae pontificum romanorum: et S.R.E. cardinalium|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0RdFAAAAcAAJ|volume=Tomus primus|year=1677|publisher=P. et A. De Rubeis|location=Roma|language=Latin|page=765}}</ref>


In 1004, he became the [[bishop of Albano]].<ref>His epitaph, quoted by Duchesne, p. 264, states, ''Albanum regimen lustro venerabilis uno rexit''. A ''lustrum'' is a five-year period.</ref><ref name=Mann>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13729b.htm Mann, Horace. "Pope Sergius IV." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 8 November 2017</ref> He was elected [[pope]] after the [[papal abdication|abdication]] of [[John XVIII]] in 1009, and adopted the name Sergius IV.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://w2.vatican.va/content/vatican/en/holy-father/sergio-iv.html| title = "Sergius IV", The Holy See}}</ref>
In 1004, he became the [[bishop of Albano]].<ref>His epitaph, quoted by Duchesne, p. 264, states, ''Albanum regimen lustro venerabilis uno rexit''. A ''lustrum'' is a five-year period.</ref><ref name=Mann>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13729b.htm Mann, Horace. "Pope Sergius IV." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 8 November 2017</ref> He was elected [[pope]] after the [[papal abdication|abdication]] of [[John XVIII]] in 1009, and adopted the name Sergius IV.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://w2.vatican.va/content/vatican/en/holy-father/sergio-iv.html| title = "Sergius IV", The Holy See}}</ref>


==Pontificate==
==Pontificate==
The power held by Sergius IV was small and often overshadowed by the patricius, [[John Crescentius]], the ruler of the city of Rome at the time. With the help of Crescentius, Sergius resisted the attempts of [[Emperor Otto III]] to establish control over Rome. Sergius IV acted to relieve famine in the city, and he exempted several monasteries from episcopal rule.<ref name=Mann/>
The power held by Sergius IV was small and often overshadowed by the patrician, [[John Crescentius]], the ruler of the city of Rome at the time. With the help of Crescentius, Sergius resisted the attempts of [[Emperor Otto III]] to establish control over Rome. Sergius IV acted to relieve famine in the city, and he exempted several monasteries from episcopal rule.<ref name=Mann/>


A [[papal bull]] calling for [[Muslims]] to be driven from the [[Holy Land]] after the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] was destroyed in 1009 by the [[Fatimid]] [[caliph]] [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] has been attributed to Sergius IV, although its authenticity has long been a matter of debate.<ref name="Lair1899">{{cite book|author=Jules Auguste Lair|title=Bulle du pape Sergius IV.: Lettres de Gerbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FFVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA47|year=1899|publisher=A. Picard et fils|location=Paris|language=French, Latin|pages=1–88}}</ref> [[Carl Erdmann]] considered it genuine,<ref name="Erdmann1965">{{cite book|author=Carl Erdmann|title=Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n52NxgEACAAJ|year=1965|publisher=[[W. Kohlhammer]]|location=Stuttgart|language=German}}</ref> but it was rejected at length by Aleksander Gieysztor, who suggested that it was actually invented around the time of the [[First Crusade]] in order to help justify that expedition to [[Jerusalem]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Aleksander Gieysztor|title=The Genesis of the Crusades: The Encyclical of Sergius IV (1009-1012)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P98ISQAACAAJ|year=1950}}</ref> Subsequently, Hans Martin Schaller has argued for the document's authenticity.<ref>Hans Martin Schaller (1991), 'Zur Kreuzzugensyklika Papst Sergius' IV.', in: ''Papsttum, Kirche und Recht im Mittelalter. Festschrift für Horst Fuhrmann zum 65. Geburtstag'', ed. Hubert Mordek (Tubingen 1991), 135-153 (in German).</ref>
A [[papal bull]] calling for [[Muslims]] to be driven from the [[Holy Land]] after the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] was destroyed in 1009 by the [[Fatimid]] [[caliph]] [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] has been attributed to Sergius IV, although its authenticity has long been a matter of debate.<ref name="Lair1899">{{cite book|author=Jules Auguste Lair|title=Bulle du pape Sergius IV.: Lettres de Gerbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FFVGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA47|year=1899|publisher=A. Picard et fils|location=Paris|language=French, Latin|pages=1–88}}</ref> [[Carl Erdmann]] considered it genuine,<ref name="Erdmann1965">{{cite book|author=Carl Erdmann|title=Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n52NxgEACAAJ|year=1965|publisher=[[W. Kohlhammer]]|location=Stuttgart|language=German}}</ref> but it was rejected at length by Aleksander Gieysztor, who suggested that it was actually invented around the time of the [[First Crusade]] in order to help justify that expedition to [[Jerusalem]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Aleksander Gieysztor|title=The Genesis of the Crusades: The Encyclical of Sergius IV (1009–1012)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P98ISQAACAAJ|year=1950}}</ref> Subsequently, Hans Martin Schaller has argued for the document's authenticity.<ref>Hans Martin Schaller (1991), 'Zur Kreuzzugensyklika Papst Sergius' IV.', in: ''Papsttum, Kirche und Recht im Mittelalter. Festschrift für Horst Fuhrmann zum 65. Geburtstag'', ed. Hubert Mordek (Tubingen 1991), 135–153 (in German).</ref>


==Death and legacy==
==Death and legacy==
[[File:San giovanni in laterano, interno, navata interna dx, sepolcro settecentesco di sergio IV, m. 1012.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Sergius IV in [[St John Lateran]] (18th&nbsp;century)]]
Sergius died on 12 May 1012 and was buried in the [[Basilica of St. John Lateran]].<ref name=Mann/> Although not canonized, Sergius is sometimes venerated as a saint by the [[Benedictine]]s of which he was a member.<ref>Richard P. McBrien, ''Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI'', (HarperCollins Publishers, 2000), 168.</ref> There was some suspicion that he was murdered, as he died within a week of Crescentius, considered by many to have been his patron.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=904| title = Catholic Online}}</ref> Sergius was followed in the papacy by [[Benedict VIII]].
Sergius died on 12 May 1012 and was buried in the [[Basilica of St. John Lateran]].<ref name=Mann/> Although not canonized, Sergius is sometimes venerated as a saint by the [[Benedictine]]s of which he was a member.<ref>Richard P. McBrien, ''Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI'', (HarperCollins Publishers, 2000), 168.</ref> There was some suspicion that he was murdered, as he died within a week of Crescentius, considered by many to have been his patron.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=904| title = Catholic Online}}</ref> Sergius was followed in the papacy by [[Benedict VIII]].<ref name=Mann2>{{Catholic |last=Mann |first=Horace |wstitle=Pope Benedict VIII |volume=2 |inline=1 |prescript=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 09:04, 6 August 2024

"Sergius IV" redirects here. For the Duke of Naples from 1002 to 1036, see Sergius IV of Naples.
Pope

Sergius IV
Bishop of Rome
ChurchCatholic Church
Papacy began31 July 1009
Papacy ended12 May 1012
PredecessorJohn XVIII
SuccessorBenedict VIII
Previous post(s)
Orders
Consecration1004
Created cardinal1004
by John XVIII
Personal details
Born
Pietro Martino Buccaporci

Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
Died(1012-05-12)12 May 1012
Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire
Other popes named Sergius

Pope Sergius IV (died 12 May 1012) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from 31 July 1009 to his death. His temporal power was eclipsed by the patrician John Crescentius. Sergius IV may have called for the expulsion of Muslims from the Holy Land, but this is disputed. Since his time, the practice that the person who has been elected to the office of pope takes on a new name became a tradition.[1]

Early life

[edit]

Pietro Martino Buccaporci was born in Rome in the "Pina" district, at an unknown date, the son of Peter the Shoemaker and Stephania.[2] Buccaporci ("Pig's snout") was neither his birth name nor the name of his family, but apparently a nickname given to him because of his personal habits.[3]

In 1004, he became the bishop of Albano.[4][5] He was elected pope after the abdication of John XVIII in 1009, and adopted the name Sergius IV.[6]

Pontificate

[edit]

The power held by Sergius IV was small and often overshadowed by the patrician, John Crescentius, the ruler of the city of Rome at the time. With the help of Crescentius, Sergius resisted the attempts of Emperor Otto III to establish control over Rome. Sergius IV acted to relieve famine in the city, and he exempted several monasteries from episcopal rule.[5]

A papal bull calling for Muslims to be driven from the Holy Land after the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was destroyed in 1009 by the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah has been attributed to Sergius IV, although its authenticity has long been a matter of debate.[7] Carl Erdmann considered it genuine,[8] but it was rejected at length by Aleksander Gieysztor, who suggested that it was actually invented around the time of the First Crusade in order to help justify that expedition to Jerusalem.[9] Subsequently, Hans Martin Schaller has argued for the document's authenticity.[10]

Death and legacy

[edit]
Tomb of Sergius IV in St John Lateran (18th century)

Sergius died on 12 May 1012 and was buried in the Basilica of St. John Lateran.[5] Although not canonized, Sergius is sometimes venerated as a saint by the Benedictines of which he was a member.[11] There was some suspicion that he was murdered, as he died within a week of Crescentius, considered by many to have been his patron.[12] Sergius was followed in the papacy by Benedict VIII.[13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Goez, Werner (1970). "PAPA QUI ET EPISCOPUS: ZUM SELBSTVERSTÄNDNIS DES REFORMPAPSTTUMS IM 11. JAHRHUNDERT". Archivum Historiae Pontificiae. 8: 27–59. JSTOR 23563726.
  2. ^ Duchesne, p. 267.
  3. ^ Alphonsus Ciaconius (Alfonso Chacón) (1677). Agostinus Olduinus (ed.). Vitae et res gestae pontificum romanorum: et S.R.E. cardinalium (in Latin). Vol. Tomus primus. Roma: P. et A. De Rubeis. p. 765.
  4. ^ His epitaph, quoted by Duchesne, p. 264, states, Albanum regimen lustro venerabilis uno rexit. A lustrum is a five-year period.
  5. ^ a b c Mann, Horace. "Pope Sergius IV." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 8 November 2017
  6. ^ ""Sergius IV", The Holy See".
  7. ^ Jules Auguste Lair (1899). Bulle du pape Sergius IV.: Lettres de Gerbert (in French and Latin). Paris: A. Picard et fils. pp. 1–88.
  8. ^ Carl Erdmann (1965). Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens (in German). Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer.
  9. ^ Aleksander Gieysztor (1950). The Genesis of the Crusades: The Encyclical of Sergius IV (1009–1012).
  10. ^ Hans Martin Schaller (1991), 'Zur Kreuzzugensyklika Papst Sergius' IV.', in: Papsttum, Kirche und Recht im Mittelalter. Festschrift für Horst Fuhrmann zum 65. Geburtstag, ed. Hubert Mordek (Tubingen 1991), 135–153 (in German).
  11. ^ Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI, (HarperCollins Publishers, 2000), 168.
  12. ^ "Catholic Online".
  13. ^  Mann, Horace (1907). "Pope Benedict VIII". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Sources

[edit]
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope Sergius IV". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Pope
1009–12 		Succeeded by
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