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{{Infobox nebula
{{Infobox nebula
| name = Sh2-155
| name = Sh 2-155
| image = CaveHunterWilson.jpg
| image = CaveHunterWilson.jpg
|caption = Sh2–155
| caption = Sh 2–155
| type = Emission
| type = Emission
| type2 =
| type2 =
Line 17: Line 17:
| absmag_v = 16
| absmag_v = 16
| notes =
| notes =
| names = Sh2-155, [[Caldwell catalogue|Caldwell 9]], [[Lynds' Catalogue of Bright Nebulae|LBN 110.11+02.44]]
| names = Sh 2-155, [[Caldwell catalogue|Caldwell 9]], [[Lynds' Catalogue of Bright Nebulae|LBN 110.11+02.44]]
}}
}}
'''Sh2-155''' (also designated [[Caldwell catalogue|Caldwell]] 9, '''Sharpless 155''' or '''S155''') is a [[diffuse nebula]] in the constellation [[Cepheus (constellation)|Cepheus]], within a larger nebula complex containing emission, reflection, and dark nebulosity. It is widely known as the '''Cave Nebula''', though that name was applied earlier to Ced 201, a different nebula in Cepheus. Sh2-155 is an ionized [[H II region]] with ongoing [[star formation]] activity,<ref name="GetmanFeigelson2006">{{cite journal|last1=Getman|first1=Konstantin V.|last2=Feigelson|first2=Eric D.|last3=Townsley|first3=Leisa|last4=Broos|first4=Patrick|last5=Garmire|first5=Gordon|last6=Tsujimoto|first6=Masahiro|title=ChandraStudy of the Cepheus B Star‐forming Region: Stellar Populations and the Initial Mass Function|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|volume=163|issue=2|year=2006|pages=306–334|issn=0067-0049|doi=10.1086/501453|arxiv = astro-ph/0601405 |bibcode = 2006ApJS..163..306G }}</ref> at an estimated distance of 725 parsecs (2400 light-years) from Earth.<ref name="BlaauwHiltner1959">{{cite journal|last1=Blaauw|first1=A.|last2=Hiltner|first2=W. A.|last3=Johnson|first3=H. L.|title=Photoelectric Photometry of the Association III Cephei.|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=130|year=1959|pages=69|issn=0004-637X|doi=10.1086/146697|bibcode = 1959ApJ...130...69B }}</ref><ref name="CrawfordBarnes1970">{{cite journal|last1=Crawford|first1=D. L.|last2=Barnes|first2=J. V.|title=Four-color and H-beta photometry of open clusters - VI - the association III Cep.|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=75|year=1970|pages=952|issn=0004-6256|doi=10.1086/111045|bibcode = 1970AJ.....75..952C }}</ref>
'''Sh 2-155''' (also designated [[Caldwell catalogue|Caldwell]] 9, '''Sharpless 155''' or '''S155''', or '''LBN529''') is a [[diffuse nebula]] in the constellation [[Cepheus (constellation)|Cepheus]], within a larger nebula complex containing emission, reflection, and dark nebulosity. It is widely known as the '''Cave Nebula''', though that name was applied earlier to Ced 201, a different nebula in Cepheus. Sh 2-155 is an ionized [[H II region]] with ongoing [[star formation]] activity,<ref name="GetmanFeigelson2006">{{cite journal|last1=Getman|first1=Konstantin V.|last2=Feigelson|first2=Eric D.|last3=Townsley|first3=Leisa|last4=Broos|first4=Patrick|last5=Garmire|first5=Gordon|last6=Tsujimoto|first6=Masahiro|title=ChandraStudy of the Cepheus B Star-forming Region: Stellar Populations and the Initial Mass Function|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|volume=163|issue=2|year=2006|pages=306–334|issn=0067-0049|doi=10.1086/501453|arxiv = astro-ph/0601405 |bibcode = 2006ApJS..163..306G |s2cid=16305023 }}</ref> at an estimated distance of 725 parsecs (2400 light-years) from Earth.<ref name="BlaauwHiltner1959">{{cite journal|last1=Blaauw|first1=A.|last2=Hiltner|first2=W. A.|last3=Johnson|first3=H. L.|title=Photoelectric Photometry of the Association III Cephei.|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=130|year=1959|pages=69|issn=0004-637X|doi=10.1086/146697|bibcode = 1959ApJ...130...69B }}</ref><ref name="CrawfordBarnes1970">{{cite journal|last1=Crawford|first1=D. L.|last2=Barnes|first2=J. V.|title=Four-color and H-beta photometry of open clusters - VI - the association III Cep.|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=75|year=1970|pages=952|issn=0004-6256|doi=10.1086/111045|bibcode = 1970AJ.....75..952C }}</ref>


Sh2-155<ref name="simbad">{{cite simbad
Sh 2-155<ref name="simbad">{{cite simbad
|title=Sh2-155
|title=Sh2-155
|access-date=11 March 2017}}</ref> was first noted as a galactic emission nebula in 1959 in the extended second edition of the [[Sharpless catalog]]ue,<ref name="Sharpless1959">{{cite journal
|access-date=11 March 2017}}</ref> was first noted as a galactic emission nebula in 1959 in the extended second edition of the [[Sharpless catalog]]ue,<ref name="Sharpless1959">{{cite journal
Line 27: Line 27:
|year=1959
|year=1959
|title=A Catalogue of H II Regions
|title=A Catalogue of H II Regions
|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1959ApJS....4..257S
|journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Supplement]]
|journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Supplement]]
|volume=4
|volume=4
Line 33: Line 32:
|bibcode=1959ApJS....4..257S
|bibcode=1959ApJS....4..257S
|doi=10.1086/190049
|doi=10.1086/190049
⚫
}}</ref> being a part of the much larger Cep OB3 [[Stellar associations|Association]].<ref name="Sharpless1959" /> Although Sh 2-155 is relatively faint for amateur observation, some of its structure may be seen visually through a moderately sized telescope under dark skies.<ref name=Moore>Patrick Moore (1990). ''The Amateur Astronomer'' (11th ed), W.W. Norton & Company, {{ISBN|0-393-02864-X}}</ref><ref name=CaldObjDSC >{{Cite web
|access-date=9 March 2017
⚫
}}</ref> being a part of the much larger Cep OB3 [[Stellar associations|Association]].<ref name="Sharpless1959" /> Although Sh2-155 is relatively faint for amateur observation, some of its structure may be seen visually through a moderately sized telescope under dark skies.<ref name=Moore>Patrick Moore (1990). ''The Amateur Astronomer'' (11th ed), W.W. Norton & Company, {{ISBN|0-393-02864-X}}</ref><ref name=CaldObjDSC >{{Cite web
|last=Trusock |first=T.
|last=Trusock |first=T.
|date=11 March 2017
|date=11 March 2017
Line 40: Line 38:
|url=http://www.cloudynights.com/documents/caldwell.pdf}}</ref>
|url=http://www.cloudynights.com/documents/caldwell.pdf}}</ref>


Sh2-155 lies at the edge of the Cepheus B cloud (part of the Cepheus [[molecular cloud]]), and is [[ionized]] by young stars from the Cep OB3 association.<ref name="Panagia81">{{Cite journal
Sh 2-155 lies at the edge of the Cepheus B cloud (part of the Cepheus [[molecular cloud]]), and is [[ionized]] by young stars from the Cep OB3 association.<ref name="Panagia81">{{Cite journal
|last1 = Panagia |first1=N.
|last1 = Panagia |first1=N.
|last2 = Thum |first2=C.
|last2 = Thum |first2=C.
Line 59: Line 57:
|issue=2
|issue=2
|pages= 733–742
|pages= 733–742
|bibcode=1992A&A...265..733M}}</ref> A study of the region's [[young stellar objects]] by the [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]] and [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] shows a progression of stellar ages in front of the cloud, supporting the hypothesis of triggered star-formation.<ref name="TriggerHappyStarFormation">{{cite web| url=http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2009/cepb/|title= Cepheus B: Trigger-Happy Star Formation|access-date=March 12, 2017|website=chandra.harvard.edu|date=August 12, 2009}}</ref><ref name="GetmanFeigelson2009">{{cite journal|last1=Getman|first1=Konstantin V.|last2=Feigelson|first2=Eric D.|last3=Luhman|first3=Kevin L.|last4=Sicilia-Aguilar|first4=Aurora|last5=Wang|first5=Junfeng|last6=Garmire|first6=Gordon P.|title=PROTOPLANETARY DISK EVOLUTION AROUND THE TRIGGERED STAR-FORMING REGION CEPHEUS B|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=699|issue=2|year=2009|pages=1454–1472|issn=0004-637X|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1454|arxiv = 0904.4907 |bibcode = 2009ApJ...699.1454G }}</ref>
|bibcode=1992A&A...265..733M}}</ref> A study of the region's [[young stellar objects]] by the [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]] and [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] shows a progression of stellar ages in front of the cloud, supporting the hypothesis of [[triggered star-formation]].<ref name="TriggerHappyStarFormation">{{cite web| url=http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2009/cepb/|title= Cepheus B: Trigger-Happy Star Formation|access-date=March 12, 2017|website=chandra.harvard.edu|date=August 12, 2009}}</ref><ref name="GetmanFeigelson2009">{{cite journal|last1=Getman|first1=Konstantin V.|last2=Feigelson|first2=Eric D.|last3=Luhman|first3=Kevin L.|last4=Sicilia-Aguilar|first4=Aurora|last5=Wang|first5=Junfeng|last6=Garmire|first6=Gordon P.|title=Protoplanetary Disk Evolution Around the Triggered Star-Forming Region Cepheus B |journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=699|issue=2|year=2009|pages=1454–1472|issn=0004-637X|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1454|arxiv = 0904.4907 |bibcode = 2009ApJ...699.1454G |s2cid=18149231 }}</ref>


==Other name designations==
==Other name designations==
[[File:Cave Finished v2.jpg|thumb|left|Amateur photograph of the Cave Nebula in the [[Hubble palette]]]]
The name "Cave Nebula" was coined for this object by [[Patrick Moore]], presumably derived from photographic images showing a curved arc of emission nebulosity corresponding to a cave mouth.<ref name=Mobberley>{{Cite web
The name "Cave Nebula" was coined for this object by [[Patrick Moore]], presumably derived from photographic images showing a curved arc of emission nebulosity corresponding to a cave mouth.<ref name=Mobberley>{{Cite book
|last=Mobberley|first=M.
|last=Mobberley|first=M.
|date=9 March 2017
|date=9 March 2017
|title=The Caldwell Objects and How to Observe Them
|title=The Caldwell Objects and How to Observe Them
|publisher=Springer
|isbn=9781441903266
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=amPrWoOWgHcC&pg=PA30
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=amPrWoOWgHcC&pg=PA30
}}</ref> The name was also used earlier to refer to another brighter but unrelated reflection nebula in Cepheus known as Ced 201<ref name="ced 201">{{cite simbad
}}</ref> The name was also used earlier to refer to another brighter but unrelated reflection nebula in Cepheus known as Ced 201<ref name="ced 201">{{cite simbad
Line 75: Line 76:
|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap121031.html
|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap121031.html
|website=apod.nasa.gov
|website=apod.nasa.gov
|access-date=11 March 2017}}</ref> positioned at [[Right ascension|R.A.]]: 22h 13m 27s [[Declination|Dec.]]: +70° 15′ 18″ ([[Epoch (astronomy)|2000]]). The name's application to Sh2-155 has come into vogue through the nebula's inclusion in Moore's [[Caldwell catalogue]]<ref name="CaldCat">{{cite book
|access-date=11 March 2017}}</ref> positioned at [[Right ascension|R.A.]]: 22h 13m 27s [[Declination|Dec.]]: +70° 15′ 18″ ([[Epoch (astronomy)|2000]]). The name's application to Sh 2-155 has come into vogue through the nebula's inclusion in Moore's [[Caldwell catalogue]]<ref name="CaldCat">{{cite book
| last = O'Meara
| last = O'Meara
| first = Stephen James
| first = Stephen James
Line 81: Line 82:
| publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
| publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
| year = 2002
| year = 2002
| isbn = 978-0-521-82796-6}}</ref> as object Caldwell 9. ([[SIMBAD]] lists the name for Ced 201, but not for Sh2-155.)<ref name="simbad"/><ref name="ced 201"/>
| isbn = 978-0-521-82796-6}}</ref> as object Caldwell 9. ([[SIMBAD]] lists the name for Ced 201, but not for Sh 2-155.)<ref name="simbad"/><ref name="ced 201"/>
{{clear left}}


{{-}}
[[File:Cave Finished v2.jpg|thumb|The Cave Nebula in the Hubble Palette (Sii, Ha, Oiii) Taken from Leeds UK by amateur astro-photographer urmymuse.|center|300x300px]]
⚫
{{Reflist}}
==References==
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
Line 96: Line 97:
{{Cepheus (constellation)}}
{{Cepheus (constellation)}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Sh2-155}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sh 2-155}}
[[Category:Cepheus (constellation)]]
[[Category:Cepheus (constellation)]]
[[Category:Emission nebulae]]
[[Category:Emission nebulae]]

Latest revision as of 18:49, 7 August 2024

Sh 2-155
Emission nebula
Sh 2–155
Observation data: J2000.0 epoch
Right ascension22h 57m 17.14s
Declination+62° 28′ 33.4"
Distance2400 ly
Apparent magnitude (V)7.7
Apparent dimensions (V)50.0'x30.0'
ConstellationCepheus
Physical characteristics
Radius35 ly
Absolute magnitude (V)16
DesignationsSh 2-155, Caldwell 9, LBN 110.11+02.44
See also: Lists of nebulae

Sh 2-155 (also designated Caldwell 9, Sharpless 155 or S155, or LBN529) is a diffuse nebula in the constellation Cepheus, within a larger nebula complex containing emission, reflection, and dark nebulosity. It is widely known as the Cave Nebula, though that name was applied earlier to Ced 201, a different nebula in Cepheus. Sh 2-155 is an ionized H II region with ongoing star formation activity,[1] at an estimated distance of 725 parsecs (2400 light-years) from Earth.[2][3]

Sh 2-155[4] was first noted as a galactic emission nebula in 1959 in the extended second edition of the Sharpless catalogue,[5] being a part of the much larger Cep OB3 Association.[5] Although Sh 2-155 is relatively faint for amateur observation, some of its structure may be seen visually through a moderately sized telescope under dark skies.[6][7]

Sh 2-155 lies at the edge of the Cepheus B cloud (part of the Cepheus molecular cloud), and is ionized by young stars from the Cep OB3 association.[8] It has been suggested that radiation from the hot O-type star HD 217086 is compressing the region, triggering the formation of a new generation of stars.[9] A study of the region's young stellar objects by the Chandra X-ray Observatory and Spitzer Space Telescope shows a progression of stellar ages in front of the cloud, supporting the hypothesis of triggered star-formation.[10][11]

Other name designations

[edit]
Amateur photograph of the Cave Nebula in the Hubble palette

The name "Cave Nebula" was coined for this object by Patrick Moore, presumably derived from photographic images showing a curved arc of emission nebulosity corresponding to a cave mouth.[12] The name was also used earlier to refer to another brighter but unrelated reflection nebula in Cepheus known as Ced 201[13] or VdB 152,[14][15] positioned at R.A.: 22h 13m 27s Dec.: +70° 15′ 18″ (2000). The name's application to Sh 2-155 has come into vogue through the nebula's inclusion in Moore's Caldwell catalogue[16] as object Caldwell 9. (SIMBAD lists the name for Ced 201, but not for Sh 2-155.)[4][13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Getman, Konstantin V.; Feigelson, Eric D.; Townsley, Leisa; Broos, Patrick; Garmire, Gordon; Tsujimoto, Masahiro (2006). "ChandraStudy of the Cepheus B Star-forming Region: Stellar Populations and the Initial Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 163 (2): 306–334. arXiv:astro-ph/0601405. Bibcode:2006ApJS..163..306G. doi:10.1086/501453. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 16305023.
  2. ^ Blaauw, A.; Hiltner, W. A.; Johnson, H. L. (1959). "Photoelectric Photometry of the Association III Cephei". The Astrophysical Journal. 130: 69. Bibcode:1959ApJ...130...69B. doi:10.1086/146697. ISSN 0004-637X.
  3. ^ Crawford, D. L.; Barnes, J. V. (1970). "Four-color and H-beta photometry of open clusters - VI - the association III Cep". The Astronomical Journal. 75: 952. Bibcode:1970AJ.....75..952C. doi:10.1086/111045. ISSN 0004-6256.
  4. ^ a b "Sh2-155". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  5. ^ a b Sharpless, S. (1959). "A Catalogue of H II Regions". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 4: 257. Bibcode:1959ApJS....4..257S. doi:10.1086/190049.
  6. ^ Patrick Moore (1990). The Amateur Astronomer (11th ed), W.W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-02864-X
  7. ^ Trusock, T. (11 March 2017). "The Caldwell Objects – Deep Sky Companions" (PDF).
  8. ^ Panagia, N.; Thum, C. (1981). "A study of the S 155A – CEP B cloud and its relation to Cepheus OB3 association". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 92 (2): 295–299. Bibcode:1981A&A....98..295P.
  9. ^ Minchin, Nigel R.; Ward-Thompson, Derek; White, Glenn J. (1992). "Carbon monoxide and far-infrared observations of the S 155-Cepheus B region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 265 (2): 733–742. Bibcode:1992A&A...265..733M.
  10. ^ "Cepheus B: Trigger-Happy Star Formation". chandra.harvard.edu. August 12, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
  11. ^ Getman, Konstantin V.; Feigelson, Eric D.; Luhman, Kevin L.; Sicilia-Aguilar, Aurora; Wang, Junfeng; Garmire, Gordon P. (2009). "Protoplanetary Disk Evolution Around the Triggered Star-Forming Region Cepheus B". The Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1454–1472. arXiv:0904.4907. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1454G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1454. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 18149231.
  12. ^ Mobberley, M. (9 March 2017). The Caldwell Objects and How to Observe Them. Springer. ISBN 9781441903266.
  13. ^ a b "Ced 201". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  14. ^ "VdB 152". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  15. ^ "APOD: 2012 October 31 – VdB 152: A Ghost in Cepheus". apod.nasa.gov. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  16. ^ O'Meara, Stephen James (2002). The Caldwell Objects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82796-6.
[edit]
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