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A pneumatic weapon is a weapon that fires a projectile by means of air pressure, similar in principle to the operation of pneumatic tube delivery systems. The term comes from a Greek word for "wind" or "breath" (πνεῦμα).

Comparison with firearms

In theory, pneumatic weapons have certain advantages over traditional firearms:

The ammunition needs no propellant or casing; the entire round becomes the projectile. This makes it smaller, lighter, easier and cheaper manufactured, and safer. For the same payload, more projectile can be fired.
Since no propellant is fired, there is no chemical residue to accumulate in the barrel or chamber, no fumes or odor either.
Because there is no casing to eject, the firing mechanism can be simpler (resulting in a more reliable and cheaper weapon), and it is theoretically possible to have a higher rate of repeat fire.
The gas is cool to begin with, and furthermore undergoes adiabatic cooling as it pushes the projectile, instead of being a high temperature mixture. The barrel is not heated to nearly the same extent as with a firearm, and doesn't have to withstand such a high temperature.
Pressure can be controlled and adjusted, instead of being a fixed parameter of the ammunition.

On the other hand,

The action, or the mechanism by which subsequent rounds are automatically reloaded, must also be powered by the air pressure; that is not a major drawback as pneumatic tools such as the nail gun proves as long as you carry an air tank and compressor around with you.
The weapon has to supply or be supplied with a source of very high pressure gas. What is won in complexity and weight around the ammunition, is lost on the other hand in reservoir and compressor, which are not that easily provided. In most case the trade-off on this item proves to favor the firearm.

In practice, steam cannons and airguns were developed throughout 17th to 19th century, and the latter even in service with the Austrian army from 1780 to around 1815, but firearms kept the upper hand.

Pneumatic weapons in the toy industry

The low projectile speed requirement of a toy weapon greatly reduces the amount of air pressure needed; combined with the importance of safety in the toy industry, this has led to widespread adoption of pneumatic firing mechanisms in toy weapons, where a propellant reaction is not appropriate (although other technologies, such as rubber bands, can be used).

The toy industry has produced a number of pneumatic toy weapons, which fire small, lightweight (often plastic and frequently hollow) projectiles at relatively low speeds. Airsoft and paintball guns are a popular toy that operates this way; when used with adequate safety equipment (eye protection at a minimum) these may be used in games involving shooting at other players.

BB guns and other low powered air guns are often marketed towards the youth market. However, in many countries they are subject to normal firearms laws, or else a minimum age is imposed for possession and/or purchase. Such items can inflict lethal injuries if misused.^[1]^[2]^[3] In some countries minors may only use even low-powered airguns under the direct supervision of an adult. Gun safety rules should be followed when using air guns and BB guns.^[4]

References

^ "10 Year Old Killed by Accidental Airgun Shooting At Firing Range". Ammoland. 14 September 2016. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
^ Joshua Rhett Miller (22 December 2020). "8-year-old boy killed by 'single shot' from BB gun: deputies". New York Post. NYP Holdings. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
^ Dave Higgens; John Shammas (2 July 2019). "'You shot me granddad': Man, 78, jailed for three years after shooting six-year-old great-grandson dead with unlicensed air rifle". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
^ "Can Airguns Kill People?". Airgun Ace. Income School. 7 September 2020. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

External links

A forum dedicated to Crosman Air pistols

[1] "10 Year Old Killed by Accidental Airgun Shooting At Firing Range". Ammoland. 14 September 2016. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

[2] Joshua Rhett Miller (22 December 2020). "8-year-old boy killed by 'single shot' from BB gun: deputies". New York Post. NYP Holdings. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

[3] Dave Higgens; John Shammas (2 July 2019). "'You shot me granddad': Man, 78, jailed for three years after shooting six-year-old great-grandson dead with unlicensed air rifle". Manchester Evening News. M.E.N. Media. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

[4] "Can Airguns Kill People?". Airgun Ace. Income School. 7 September 2020. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{More citations needed|date=November 2022}}
-{{Unreferencedweapon''' is a [[weapon]] that fires a [[projectile]] by
+A '''pneumatic weapon''' is a [[weapon]] that fires a [[projectile]] by
-means of [[air pressure]], hi im poon principle to the operation of [[pneumatic tube]] delivery systems. The term comes from a Greek word for "wind" or "breath" (πνεῦμα).
+means of [[air pressure]], similar in principle to the operation of [[pneumatic tube]] delivery systems. The term comes from a Greek word for "wind" or "breath" (πνεῦμα).
 == Comparison with firearms ==
 In theory, pneumatic weapons have certain advantages over traditional [[firearms]]:
+*The ammunition needs no [[propellant]] or casing; the entire round becomes the projectile. This makes it smaller, lighter, easier and cheaper manufactured, and safer. For the same payload, more projectile can be fired.
-*The ammunition can be much simpler (and thus more compact and lighter for the same payload), because there is no need for a [[propellant]] or casing; the entire round becomes the projectile.
-*Since no propellant is fired, there is no chemical residue to accumulate in the barrel or chamber.
+*Since no propellant is fired, there is no chemical residue to accumulate in the barrel or chamber, no fumes or odor either.
-*Because there is no casing to eject, it is theoretically possible to have a higher rate of repeat fire.
+*Because there is no casing to eject, the firing mechanism can be simpler (resulting in a more reliable and cheaper weapon), and it is theoretically possible to have a higher rate of repeat fire.
-*The barrel is not heated to nearly the same extent as with a firearm.
+*The gas is cool to begin with, and furthermore undergoes [[Adiabatic process#Adiabatic heating and cooling|adiabatic cooling]] as it pushes the projectile, instead of being a high temperature mixture. The barrel is not heated to nearly the same extent as with a firearm, and doesn't have to withstand such a high temperature.
+*Pressure can be controlled and adjusted, instead of being a fixed parameter of the ammunition.
+On the other hand,
-In practice, pneumatic weapons are not as well-developed as traditional firearms and have a number of practical deficiencies:
+*The ''action'', or the mechanism by which subsequent rounds are automatically reloaded, must also be powered by the air pressure; that is not a major drawback as [[pneumatic tool]]s such as the [[nail gun]] proves as long as you carry an air tank and compressor around with you.
-*The weapon has to supply or be supplied with a source of very high pressure air, such as a reservoir or [[Gas compressor|compressor]], which adds substantial complexity and weight to the weapon.
+*The weapon has to supply or be supplied with a source of very high pressure gas. What is won in complexity and weight around the ammunition, is lost on the other hand in reservoir and [[Gas compressor|compressor]], which are not that easily provided. In most case the trade-off on this item proves to favor the firearm.
-*The ''action'', or the mechanism by which subsequent rounds are automatically reloaded, must also be powered by the air pressure; many modern firearms re-use the energy from the propellant to accomplish this (see [[Gas-operated reloading|gas-operated]] reloading), further reducing the amount of work the weapon itself has to do.
+In practice, [[steam cannon]]s and [[airgun]]s were developed throughout 17th to 19th century, and the latter even [[Girardoni air rifle|in service with the Austrian army from 1780 to around 1815]], but firearms kept the upper hand.
 == Pneumatic weapons in the toy industry ==
@@ Line 18: / Line 22: @@
 The toy industry has produced a number of pneumatic toy weapons, which fire small, lightweight (often plastic and frequently hollow) projectiles at relatively low speeds. [[Airsoft]] and [[paintball]] guns are a popular toy that operates this way; when used with adequate safety equipment (eye protection at a minimum) these may be used in games involving shooting at other players.
+[[BB gun]]s and other low powered [[air gun]]s are often marketed towards the youth market. However, in many countries they are subject to normal firearms laws, or else a minimum age is imposed for possession and/or purchase. Such items can inflict lethal injuries if misused.<ref>{{cite web |title=10 Year Old Killed by Accidental Airgun Shooting At Firing Range |url=https://www.ammoland.com/2016/09/10-year-old-killed-by-accidental-airgun-shooting-at-firing-range/ |website=Ammoland |access-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928211809/https://www.ammoland.com/2016/09/10-year-old-killed-by-accidental-airgun-shooting-at-firing-range/#axzz6ZNF3SzAQ |archive-date=28 September 2020 |language=English |date=14 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Joshua Rhett Miller |title=8-year-old boy killed by 'single shot' from BB gun: deputies |url=https://nypost.com/2020/12/22/8-year-old-boy-killed-by-single-shot-from-bb-gun-deputies/ |website=New York Post |publisher=NYP Holdings |access-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516194859/https://nypost.com/2020/12/22/8-year-old-boy-killed-by-single-shot-from-bb-gun-deputies/ |archive-date=16 May 2022 |language=English |date=22 December 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Dave Higgens |author2=John Shammas |title='You shot me granddad': Man, 78, jailed for three years after shooting six-year-old great-grandson dead with unlicensed air rifle |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/you-shot-granddad-man-78-16519148 |website=Manchester Evening News |publisher=M.E.N. Media |access-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923221038/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/you-shot-granddad-man-78-16519148 |archive-date=23 September 2021 |language=English |date=2 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In some countries minors may only use even low-powered airguns under the direct supervision of an adult. [[Gun safety]] rules should be followed when using air guns and BB guns.<ref>{{cite web |title=Can Airguns Kill People? |url=https://airgunace.com/can-airguns-kill-people/ |website=Airgun Ace |publisher=Income School |access-date=17 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117165434/https://airgunace.com/can-airguns-kill-people/ |archive-date=17 November 2022 |language=English |date=7 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-[[BB gun]]s and other low powered [[air gun]]s, while often marketed towards the youth market, are ''not'' toys; the steel and lead projectiles they fire can readily penetrate the skin, and are capable of producing lethal wounds.  While a lethal wound is unlikely due to their low power, air guns and BB guns should be used with the same precautions as firearms; eye protection for the shooter, a safe range, and an adequate backstop.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 27: / Line 31: @@
 *[[Steam cannon]]
 *[[Dynamite gun]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
 * [http://www.crosman-air-pistol-owners-forum.com/ A forum dedicated to Crosman Air pistols]
 {{Weapons}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Pneumatic Weapon}}
 [[Category:Pneumatic weapons| ]]
-{{Weapon-stub}}