Lordship of Glamorgan: Difference between revisions

Lordship of Glamorgan
*Arglwyddiaeth Morgannwg*
Lordship of Glamorgan Arglwyddiaeth Morgannwg
1091–1536
	Arms of Gilbert de Clare
	Wales (1267–1277): Gwynedd, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's principality Territories conquered by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd Territories of Llywelyn's vassals Lordships of the Marcher barons Lordships of the King of England Kingdom of England
Status	Client state of the Kingdom of England
Capital	Cardiff
Government	Lordship
Lord
• 1093–1107	Robert Fitzhamon
• 1217–1230	Gilbert de Clare
• 1509–1536	Henry VIII of England
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Conquered by Robert Fitzhamon	1091
• Annexation by Henry VIII	1536
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Kingdom of Glywysing
Kingdom of England
	^

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The Lordship of Glamorgan was one of the most powerful and wealthy of the Welsh Marcher Lordships. The seat was Cardiff Castle. It was established by the conquest of Glamorgan from its native Welsh ruler, by the Anglo-Norman nobleman Robert FitzHamon, feudal baron of Gloucester, and his legendary followers the Twelve Knights of Glamorgan. The Anglo-Norman Lord of Glamorgan, like all Marcher lords, ruled his lands directly by his own law: thus he could, amongst other things, declare war, raise taxes, establish courts and markets and build castles as he wished, without reference to the Crown. These privileges were only lost under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. Though possessing many castles, the main seat of the Lordship was Cardiff Castle.

First Creation

Robert Fitzhamon, the conqueror of Glamorgan (1093–1107)
Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1118–1147)
William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (1147–1183)
Isabel, Countess of Gloucester (d. 1217) with:
- John of England (1189–1214), however marriage annulled
- Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex (after 1214–1217)

Second Creation

Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, 5th Earl of Gloucester (1217–1230)
Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester (1230–1262)
Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester (1262–1295)
Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer (1297–1307) through marriage to Joan, the widow of the 6th Earl. Ceased on her death in 1307.
Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford, 8th Earl of Gloucester (1307–1314)
Eleanor de Clare, suo jure 6th Lady of Glamorgan, 2nd Baroness le Despenser (1314–1337)
- Sir Hugh "the younger" le Despenser, 2nd Baron le Despenser and Eleanor his wife (1314–1326)
- William la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche and Eleanor his wife (1329–1337)

Third Creation

Sir Hugh le Despencer, 3rd Baron le Despencer (1338–1349)
Edward le Despenser, 4th Baron le Despenser (1349–1375)
Thomas le Despencer, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1375–1400)
Richard le Despenser, 4th Baron Burghersh (c. 1400–1411)
Isabel le Despenser (1422–1423)
- Richard Beauchamp, 1st Earl of Worcester (1411–1422) and Isabel le Despenser
- Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (1423–1439) and Isabel le Despenser

Fourth Creation

Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick (1439–1445)

Fifth Creation

Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1449–1471) and Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick
Isabella Neville and George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence (1471–1478)
Richard III of England (1478–1485) and Anne Neville

Sixth Creation

Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford (1485–1495)

Merged with English Crown

Henry VII of England (1495–1509)
Henry VIII of England (1509–1547)

Sources

R. R. Davies, The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063–1415 (Oxford History of Wales, 2)
T. B. Pugh, Glamorgan County History:The Middle Ages: The Marcher Lordships of Glamorgan and Morgannwg and Gower and Kilvey from the Norman Conquest to the Act of Union of England and Wales

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox Former Country
+{{Infobox country
-|native_name = ''Arglwyddiaeth Morgannwg''
+| native_name            = ''Arglwyddiaeth Morgannwg''
-|conventional_long_name = Lordship of Glamorgan
+| conventional_long_name = Lordship of Glamorgan
-|common_name = Glamorgan
+| common_name            = Glamorgan
+| capital                = [[Cardiff]]
-|
+| era                    = Middle Ages
-| titlestyle = background: #D4AF37;
+| status                 = Client state
-| boxstyle = background: #FFFFFF; margin-left:1px; margin-right:7px; border-width:10px; border-color:#FFCC00;
+| status_text            = [[Client state]] of the [[Kingdom of England]]
-| width      = 250px
+| government_type        = [[Lord|Lordship]]
-|
-|capital = [[Cardiff]]
+| title_leader           = [[Lord]]
+| leader1                = [[Robert Fitzhamon]]
-|continent = Europe
+| year_leader1           = 1093–1107
-|region    = British Isles
+| leader2                = [[Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]]
-|country   = Wales
-|era       = Middle Ages
+| year_leader2           = 1217–1230
-|status                 = Client state
+| leader3                = [[Henry VIII of England]]
+| year_leader3           = 1509–1536
-|status_text            = [[Client state]] of the [[Kingdom of England]]
+| event_start            = Conquered by [[Robert Fitzhamon]]
-|government_type = [[Lordship]]
+| year_start             = 1091
-|title_leader = [[Lord]]
+| event_end              = [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|Annexation by Henry VIII]]
-|leader1 = [[Robert Fitzhamon]]
+| year_end               = 1536
-|year_leader1= 1093–1107
+| date_end               =
-|leader2 = [[Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]]
+| p1                     = Kingdom of Glywysing
-|year_leader2= 1217–1230
+| flag_p1                =
-|leader3 = [[Henry VII of England]]
+| s1                     = Kingdom of England
-|year_leader3= 1509-1536
+| flag_s1                = Flag of England.svg
-|event_start = Conquered by [[Robert Fitzhamon]]
+| image_coat             = CoA Gilbert de Clare.svg
-|year_start  = 1091
+| symbol_type            = Arms of Gilbert de Clare
-|event_end   = [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|Annexation by Henry VIII]]
+| image_map              = Wales after the Treaty of Montgomery 1267 Colorblind.svg
-|year_end    = 1536
+| image_map_caption      = Wales (1267–1277):
-|date_end    =
+{{Leftlegend|#009E73|[[Gwynedd]], Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's principality}}
-||p1          = Kingdom of Glywysing
+{{Leftlegend|#CC79A7|Territories conquered by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd}}
-|flag_p1     =
+{{Leftlegend|#56B4E9|Territories of Llywelyn's vassals}}
-|s1          = Kingdom of England
+{{Leftlegend|#E69F00|Lordships of the [[Marcher barons]]}}
-|flag_s1     = Flag of England.svg
+{{Leftlegend|#F0E442|Lordships of the King of England}}
-|
+{{Leftlegend|#D55E00|Kingdom of England}}| footnotes   = {{Note|1}}
-|image_coat   = CoA Gilbert de Clare.svg
-|symbol_type  = Arms of Gilbert de Clare
-|image_map    = Medieval_Wales.JPG
-|image_map    =Wales_after_the_Treaty_of_Montgomery_1267.svg
-|image_map_caption  = Wales (1267–1277) {{legend|#ffb380|Lordships of the Marcher barons}}| footnotes   = {{Note|1}}
 }}
-The '''Lordship of Glamorgan''' was one of the most powerful and wealthy of the [[Welsh Marches|Welsh Marcher]] Lordships. Established by the conquest of [[Glamorgan]] from its last Welsh ruler, the [[Anglo-Norman]] Lord of Glamorgan, like all Marcher lords, ruled his lands directly by his own law: thus he could, amongst other things, declare war, raise taxes, establish courts and markets and build castles as he wished, without reference to the Crown. These privileges were only lost under the [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542]]. Though possessing many castles, the main seat of the Lordship was [[Cardiff Castle]].
+The '''Lordship of Glamorgan''' was one of the most powerful and wealthy of the [[Welsh Marches|Welsh Marcher]] Lordships. The seat was [[Cardiff Castle]]. It was established by the conquest of [[Glamorgan]] from its native Welsh ruler, by the Anglo-Norman nobleman [[Robert FitzHamon]], [[Feudal barony of Gloucester|feudal baron of Gloucester]], and his legendary followers the [[Twelve Knights of Glamorgan]]. The [[Anglo-Normans|Anglo-Norman]] Lord of Glamorgan, like all Marcher lords, ruled his lands directly by his own law: thus he could, amongst other things, declare war, raise taxes, establish courts and markets and build castles as he wished, without reference to the Crown. These privileges were only lost under the [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542]]. Though possessing many castles, the main seat of the Lordship was [[Cardiff Castle]].
 == First Creation ==
+[[File:Medieval_Wales.JPG|thumb]]
 *[[Robert Fitzhamon]], the conqueror of [[Glamorgan]] (1093–1107)
 *[[Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester]] (1118–1147)
@@ Line 50: / Line 47: @@
 == Second Creation ==
-*[[Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, 1st Earl of Gloucester]] (1217–1230)
+*[[Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, 5th Earl of Gloucester]] (1217–1230)
-*[[Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford|Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester]] (1230–1262)
+*[[Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford|Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester]] (1230–1262)
-*[[Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 3rd Earl of Gloucester]] (1262–1295)
+*[[Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester]] (1262–1295)
 *[[Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer]] (1297–1307) through marriage to Joan, the widow of the 6th Earl. Ceased on her death in 1307.
-*[[Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford, 4th Earl of Gloucester]] (1307–1314)
+*[[Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford, 8th Earl of Gloucester]] (1307–1314)
-*[[Eleanor de Clare]] (1292–1337)
+*[[Eleanor de Clare]], ''[[suo jure]]'' 6th Lady of Glamorgan, 2nd Baroness le Despenser (1314–1337)
-** Sir [[Hugh the younger Despenser]] and Eleanor his wife (1317–1326)
+** Sir [[Hugh the younger Despenser|Hugh "the younger" le Despenser, 2nd Baron le Despenser]] and Eleanor his wife (1314–1326)
-** [[William la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche]] and Eleanor his wife (1329–1338)
+** [[William la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche]] and Eleanor his wife (1329–1337)
 == Third Creation ==
-* Sir [[Hugh le Despencer, 2nd Baron le Despencer]] (1338–1349)
+* Sir [[Hugh le Despencer, Baron le Despencer (1338)|Hugh le Despencer, 3rd Baron le Despencer]] (1338–1349)
-* [[Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer]] (1349–1375)
+* [[Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer|Edward le Despenser, 4th Baron le Despenser]] (1349–1375)
 *[[Thomas le Despencer, 1st Earl of Gloucester]] (1375–1400)
 *[[Richard le Despenser, 4th Baron Burghersh]] (c. 1400–1411)
@@ Line 67: / Line 64: @@
 **[[Richard Beauchamp, 1st Earl of Worcester]] (1411–1422) and [[Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester|Isabel le Despenser]]
 **[[Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick]] (1423–1439) and [[Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester|Isabel le Despenser]]
 == Fourth Creation ==
 *[[Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick]] (1439–1445)
 == Fifth Creation ==
 *[[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick]] (1449–1471) and [[Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick]]
@@ Line 75: / Line 74: @@
 == Sixth Creation ==
-*[[Jasper Tudor]] Duke of Bedford, (1485–1495)
+*[[Jasper Tudor]], Duke of Bedford (1485–1495)
 == Merged with English Crown ==
 *[[Henry VII of England]] (1495–1509)
 *[[Henry VIII of England]] (1509–1547)
 ==Sources==
 *R. R. Davies, ''The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063–1415'' (Oxford History of Wales, 2)
 *T. B. Pugh, ''Glamorgan County History:The Middle Ages: The Marcher Lordships of Glamorgan and Morgannwg and Gower and Kilvey from the Norman Conquest to the Act of Union of England and Wales''
-{{coord missing}}
+{{coord missing|Glamorgan}}
+[[Category:States and territories established in 1091]]
+[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1536]]
 [[Category:History of Glamorgan]]
+[[Category:Lords of Glamorgan| ]]
+[[Category:Marcher lordships]]