Lordship of Glamorgan: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox country |
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| native_name = ''Arglwyddiaeth Morgannwg'' |
| native_name = ''Arglwyddiaeth Morgannwg'' |
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| conventional_long_name = Lordship of Glamorgan |
| conventional_long_name = Lordship of Glamorgan |
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| common_name = Glamorgan |
| common_name = Glamorgan |
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| capital = [[Cardiff]] |
| capital = [[Cardiff]] |
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| continent = Europe |
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| region = British Isles |
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| country = Wales |
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| era = Middle Ages |
| era = Middle Ages |
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| status = Client state |
| status = Client state |
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| status_text = [[Client state]] of the [[Kingdom of England]] |
| status_text = [[Client state]] of the [[Kingdom of England]] |
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| government_type = [[Lordship]] |
| government_type = [[Lord|Lordship]] |
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| title_leader = [[Lord]] |
| title_leader = [[Lord]] |
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| leader1 = [[Robert Fitzhamon]] |
| leader1 = [[Robert Fitzhamon]] |
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| leader2 = [[Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]] |
| leader2 = [[Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]] |
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| year_leader2 = 1217–1230 |
| year_leader2 = 1217–1230 |
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| leader3 = [[Henry |
| leader3 = [[Henry VIII of England]] |
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| year_leader3 = 1509–1536 |
| year_leader3 = 1509–1536 |
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| event_start = Conquered by [[Robert Fitzhamon]] |
| event_start = Conquered by [[Robert Fitzhamon]] |
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| Line 29: | Line 26: | ||
| image_coat = CoA Gilbert de Clare.svg |
| image_coat = CoA Gilbert de Clare.svg |
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| symbol_type = Arms of Gilbert de Clare |
| symbol_type = Arms of Gilbert de Clare |
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| image_map = |
| image_map = Wales after the Treaty of Montgomery 1267 Colorblind.svg |
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| image_map_caption = Wales (1267–1277) |
| image_map_caption = Wales (1267–1277): |
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{{Leftlegend|#009E73|[[Gwynedd]], Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's principality}} |
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{{Leftlegend|#CC79A7|Territories conquered by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd}} |
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{{Leftlegend|#56B4E9|Territories of Llywelyn's vassals}} |
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{{Leftlegend|#E69F00|Lordships of the [[Marcher barons]]}} |
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{{Leftlegend|#F0E442|Lordships of the King of England}} |
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{{Leftlegend|#D55E00|Kingdom of England}}| footnotes = {{Note|1}} |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Lordship of Glamorgan''' was one of the most powerful and wealthy of the [[Welsh Marches|Welsh Marcher]] Lordships. The seat was [[Cardiff Castle]]. It was established by the conquest of [[Glamorgan]] from its native Welsh ruler, by the Anglo-Norman nobleman [[Robert FitzHamon]], [[Feudal barony of Gloucester|feudal baron of Gloucester]], and his legendary followers the [[Twelve Knights of Glamorgan]]. The [[Anglo-Norman]] Lord of Glamorgan, like all Marcher lords, ruled his lands directly by his own law: thus he could, amongst other things, declare war, raise taxes, establish courts and markets and build castles as he wished, without reference to the Crown. These privileges were only lost under the [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542]]. Though possessing many castles, the main seat of the Lordship was [[Cardiff Castle]]. |
The '''Lordship of Glamorgan''' was one of the most powerful and wealthy of the [[Welsh Marches|Welsh Marcher]] Lordships. The seat was [[Cardiff Castle]]. It was established by the conquest of [[Glamorgan]] from its native Welsh ruler, by the Anglo-Norman nobleman [[Robert FitzHamon]], [[Feudal barony of Gloucester|feudal baron of Gloucester]], and his legendary followers the [[Twelve Knights of Glamorgan]]. The [[Anglo-Normans|Anglo-Norman]] Lord of Glamorgan, like all Marcher lords, ruled his lands directly by his own law: thus he could, amongst other things, declare war, raise taxes, establish courts and markets and build castles as he wished, without reference to the Crown. These privileges were only lost under the [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542]]. Though possessing many castles, the main seat of the Lordship was [[Cardiff Castle]]. |
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== First Creation == |
== First Creation == |
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== Second Creation == |
== Second Creation == |
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*[[Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, |
*[[Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, 5th Earl of Gloucester]] (1217–1230) |
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*[[Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford|Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, |
*[[Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford|Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester]] (1230–1262) |
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*[[Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, |
*[[Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester]] (1262–1295) |
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*[[Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer]] (1297–1307) through marriage to Joan, the widow of the 6th Earl. Ceased on her death in 1307. |
*[[Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer]] (1297–1307) through marriage to Joan, the widow of the 6th Earl. Ceased on her death in 1307. |
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*[[Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford, |
*[[Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford, 8th Earl of Gloucester]] (1307–1314) |
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*[[Eleanor de Clare]] ( |
*[[Eleanor de Clare]], ''[[suo jure]]'' 6th Lady of Glamorgan, 2nd Baroness le Despenser (1314–1337) |
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** Sir [[Hugh the younger Despenser]] and Eleanor his wife ( |
** Sir [[Hugh the younger Despenser|Hugh "the younger" le Despenser, 2nd Baron le Despenser]] and Eleanor his wife (1314–1326) |
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** [[William la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche]] and Eleanor his wife ( |
** [[William la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche]] and Eleanor his wife (1329–1337) |
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== Third Creation == |
== Third Creation == |
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* Sir [[Hugh le Despencer, |
* Sir [[Hugh le Despencer, Baron le Despencer (1338)|Hugh le Despencer, 3rd Baron le Despencer]] (1338–1349) |
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* [[Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer]] (1349–1375) |
* [[Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer|Edward le Despenser, 4th Baron le Despenser]] (1349–1375) |
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*[[Thomas le Despencer, 1st Earl of Gloucester]] (1375–1400) |
*[[Thomas le Despencer, 1st Earl of Gloucester]] (1375–1400) |
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*[[Richard le Despenser, 4th Baron Burghersh]] (c. 1400–1411) |
*[[Richard le Despenser, 4th Baron Burghersh]] (c. 1400–1411) |
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**[[Richard Beauchamp, 1st Earl of Worcester]] (1411–1422) and [[Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester|Isabel le Despenser]] |
**[[Richard Beauchamp, 1st Earl of Worcester]] (1411–1422) and [[Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester|Isabel le Despenser]] |
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**[[Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick]] (1423–1439) and [[Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester|Isabel le Despenser]] |
**[[Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick]] (1423–1439) and [[Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester|Isabel le Despenser]] |
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== Fourth Creation == |
== Fourth Creation == |
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*[[Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick]] (1439–1445) |
*[[Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick]] (1439–1445) |
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== Fifth Creation == |
== Fifth Creation == |
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*[[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick]] (1449–1471) and [[Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick]] |
*[[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick]] (1449–1471) and [[Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick]] |
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== Sixth Creation == |
== Sixth Creation == |
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*[[Jasper Tudor]] Duke of Bedford |
*[[Jasper Tudor]], Duke of Bedford (1485–1495) |
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== Merged with English Crown == |
== Merged with English Crown == |
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*[[Henry VII of England]] (1495–1509) |
*[[Henry VII of England]] (1495–1509) |
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*[[Henry VIII of England]] (1509–1547) |
*[[Henry VIII of England]] (1509–1547) |
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==Sources== |
==Sources== |
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*R. R. Davies, ''The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063–1415'' (Oxford History of Wales, 2) |
*R. R. Davies, ''The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063–1415'' (Oxford History of Wales, 2) |
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*T. B. Pugh, ''Glamorgan County History:The Middle Ages: The Marcher Lordships of Glamorgan and Morgannwg and Gower and Kilvey from the Norman Conquest to the Act of Union of England and Wales'' |
*T. B. Pugh, ''Glamorgan County History:The Middle Ages: The Marcher Lordships of Glamorgan and Morgannwg and Gower and Kilvey from the Norman Conquest to the Act of Union of England and Wales'' |
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{{coord missing}} |
{{coord missing|Glamorgan}} |
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[[Category:States and territories established in 1091]] |
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[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1536]] |
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[[Category:History of Glamorgan]] |
[[Category:History of Glamorgan]] |
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[[Category:Lords of Glamorgan| ]] |
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[[Category:Marcher lordships]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:24, 8 August 2024
Lordship of Glamorgan Arglwyddiaeth Morgannwg | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1091–1536 | |||||||||
 Arms of Gilbert de Clare
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 Wales (1267–1277):
Gwynedd, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's principality
Territories conquered by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
Territories of Llywelyn's vassals
Lordships of the Marcher barons
Lordships of the King of England
Kingdom of England | |||||||||
| Status | Client state of the Kingdom of England | ||||||||
| Capital | Cardiff | ||||||||
| Government | Lordship | ||||||||
| Lord | |||||||||
• 1093–1107 | Robert Fitzhamon | ||||||||
• 1217–1230 | Gilbert de Clare | ||||||||
• 1509–1536 | Henry VIII of England | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Conquered by Robert Fitzhamon | 1091 | ||||||||
| 1536 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
The Lordship of Glamorgan was one of the most powerful and wealthy of the Welsh Marcher Lordships. The seat was Cardiff Castle. It was established by the conquest of Glamorgan from its native Welsh ruler, by the Anglo-Norman nobleman Robert FitzHamon, feudal baron of Gloucester, and his legendary followers the Twelve Knights of Glamorgan. The Anglo-Norman Lord of Glamorgan, like all Marcher lords, ruled his lands directly by his own law: thus he could, amongst other things, declare war, raise taxes, establish courts and markets and build castles as he wished, without reference to the Crown. These privileges were only lost under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. Though possessing many castles, the main seat of the Lordship was Cardiff Castle.
First Creation
[edit]
- Robert Fitzhamon, the conqueror of Glamorgan (1093–1107)
- Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1118–1147)
- William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (1147–1183)
- Isabel, Countess of Gloucester (d. 1217) with:
- John of England (1189–1214), however marriage annulled
- Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex (after 1214–1217)
Second Creation
[edit]- Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, 5th Earl of Gloucester (1217–1230)
- Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 6th Earl of Gloucester (1230–1262)
- Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester (1262–1295)
- Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer (1297–1307) through marriage to Joan, the widow of the 6th Earl. Ceased on her death in 1307.
- Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford, 8th Earl of Gloucester (1307–1314)
- Eleanor de Clare, suo jure 6th Lady of Glamorgan, 2nd Baroness le Despenser (1314–1337)
- Sir Hugh "the younger" le Despenser, 2nd Baron le Despenser and Eleanor his wife (1314–1326)
- William la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche and Eleanor his wife (1329–1337)
Third Creation
[edit]- Sir Hugh le Despencer, 3rd Baron le Despencer (1338–1349)
- Edward le Despenser, 4th Baron le Despenser (1349–1375)
- Thomas le Despencer, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1375–1400)
- Richard le Despenser, 4th Baron Burghersh (c. 1400–1411)
- Isabel le Despenser (1422–1423)
- Richard Beauchamp, 1st Earl of Worcester (1411–1422) and Isabel le Despenser
- Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (1423–1439) and Isabel le Despenser
Fourth Creation
[edit]- Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick (1439–1445)
Fifth Creation
[edit]- Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1449–1471) and Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick
- Isabella Neville and George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence (1471–1478)
- Richard III of England (1478–1485) and Anne Neville
Sixth Creation
[edit]- Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford (1485–1495)
Merged with English Crown
[edit]- Henry VII of England (1495–1509)
- Henry VIII of England (1509–1547)
Sources
[edit]- R. R. Davies, The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063–1415 (Oxford History of Wales, 2)
- T. B. Pugh, Glamorgan County History:The Middle Ages: The Marcher Lordships of Glamorgan and Morgannwg and Gower and Kilvey from the Norman Conquest to the Act of Union of England and Wales