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{{Infobox weapon
'''Yu-7''' (鱼-7) torpedo is the Chinese development of the US [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk 46 Mod. 2 light ASW torpedo]] incorporating technologies of the [[A244-S]] torpedo. Many domestic Chinese sources have considered Yu-7 torpedo as the Chinese equivalent of US [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk 46 Mod. 3 torpedo]].
| name = Yu-7 torpedo
| image =
| caption =
| origin = People's Republic of China
| type = Lightweight [[anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] [[torpedo]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = y
| is_bladed =
| is_explosive = y
| is_artillery =
| is_vehicle =
| is_missile = y
| is_UK = <!-- Service history -->
| service = Early 1990s
| used_by = [[People's Liberation Army Navy]]
| wars = <!-- Production history -->
| designer = [[China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation]]
| design_date = 1980s<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
| manufacturer =
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| number =
| variants = <!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label =
| weight = {{convert|235|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
| length = {{convert|2.7|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
| part_length =
| width =
| height =
| diameter = {{convert|324|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| crew = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge =
| caliber =
| barrels =
| action =
| rate =
| velocity =
| range = {{convert|14.1|km|nmi|abbr=on}}<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
| max_range =
| feed =
| sights = <!-- Explosive specifications -->
| filling = high explosive
| filling_weight = {{convert|45|kg|lb|abbr=on}} shaped charge<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
| detonation =
| yield = <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
| armour =
| primary_armament =
| secondary_armament =
| engine =
| engine_power =
| pw_ratio =
| transmission =
| payload_capacity =
| suspension =
| clearance =
| wingspan =
| propellant = [[Otto fuel II]]<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
| fuel_capacity =
| vehicle_range =
| ceiling =
| altitude =
| depth = {{convert|400|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
| boost =
| speed = >{{convert|45|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
| guidance = active / passive acoustic homing
| steering = CIACIO-S seeker<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
| accuracy =
| launch_platform = Surface ships<br>
Helicopters
| transport =
}}


The '''Yu-7''' ({{zh|c=鱼-7|p=yú-7|l=fish 7}}; from {{zh|c=鱼雷|l=fish bomb}}, meaning ‘torpedo’) is a lightweight [[torpedo]] developed by the [[People's Republic of China]]. It entered service in the 1990s as the principal [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] weapon of major [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] (PLAN) warships. The Yu-7 is a derivative of the [[:it:Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei|Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei]] (WASS) [[A244-S|A244/S]] torpedo.<ref name="janes_dragon">{{cite web |url= https://www.janes.com/images/assets/911/72911/Undersea_dragon_Chinese_ASW_capabilities_advance.pdf |title=Undersea dragon: Chinese ASW capabilities advance |publisher=Jane's |date=2017 |access-date=25 October 2018}}</ref>
==Yu-7==
According to official information released by the Chinese government, several US [[Mark 46 torpedo]]es had been recovered by Chinese fishermen in the 1970s and 1980s, with the most advanced version the [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk 46 Mod. 1 Block 2 torpedo]] recovered in October, 1978 from [[South China Sea]].<ref name=SNC>{{cite web| url=http://www.haijun360.com/news/yl/2010/94/1094173155j3196ie14ciig05g18da.html | title=Yu-7 | accessdate=2012 }}</ref> Decision was given in 1982 to reverse engineer the American torpedo under the name “Project 109” to produce the badly needed [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] light torpedo for the Chinese military.<ref name=SNC/> 705th Institute (also called [[Xi'an]] Precision Machinery Research Institute, 西安精密机械研究所) and [[Northwestern Polytechnical University]] were tasked with being the research team, while the No. 872 Factory and No. 874 Factory were assigned as the production facility. Full scale development started in 1984,<ref name=SNC/> with over 90 enterprises in the country involved in assisting the four major enterprises to develop the torpedo. 705th Institute was responsible for the shallow water control systems of the torpedo and Northwestern Polytechnical University was responsible for the deep water control systems of the torpedo.<ref name=SNC/> The Yu-7 torpedo is composed of over 5,000 parts and 4,500 instruments, while it had over 80,000 blueprints and its technical documents totaled over 100,000 pages. The first two prototype torpedoes were assembled in No. 874 Factory in December 1984 and were tested in the 750 Testing Range (750试验场) in [[Kunming]] in December 1985. By 1989 the Yu-7 torpedo had successfully undertaken 68 launches in four separate sea trials.


==Development==
In the meantime, the development of Yu-7 torpedo obtained a great boost from United States technical support in 1985, when China signed a USD$8 million deal with United States in purchasing [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk 46 Mod. 2 torpedo]]es with technological support for licensed assembly. The [[George H. W. Bush|Bush Administration]] had faced significant criticism from congress and many human rights activist groups for delivering the last batch of Mk 46 Mod. 2 torpedoes to China after the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]], but the [[George H. W. Bush|Bush Administration]] countered that the delivery was the completion of a previous deal made prior to the crackdown. Another great benefit to the Yu-7 torpedo program was the Chinese purchase of 40 or so Italian Alenia [[A244-S]] light [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] torpedoes in 1987,<ref name=SNC0>{{cite web| url=http://wap.chinaiiss.com/simple/view/5076331/all | title=Yu-7 & Yu-11 | accessdate=August 2, 2015 }}</ref> with the 705th Institute assigned to reverse engineer this torpedo as well. The incorporation of technologies of the Italian Alenia [[A244-S]] light [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] torpedo caused design changes and thus delayed the schedule, but according to western sources such as [[Jane's Information Group]], the biggest factor that caused the delay in the schedule was the difficulties encountered in converting the British system to the metric system and American [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] standards to international standards. The Yu-7 torpedo finally received certification in 1994<ref name=SNC/> and went into full production in the late 1990s. Specifications:<ref name=SNC/>
Development of an effective lightweight [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] (ASW) torpedo for the PLAN began in the 1980s. The program was probably based on 40 A244/S torpedoes purchased for evaluation from Italy in 1987. Additional technology may have been [[Reverse engineering|reverse engineered]] from a [[United States]] [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mark 46 Mod 2]] torpedo recovered from the [[South China Sea]] in 1978 by Chinese fishermen. The torpedo was initially equipped with electric propulsion, but inadequate performance led to a redesign powered by [[Otto fuel II]]. Testing was carried out at the 750 Testing Range in Kunming up to 1988.<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
*Diameter: 324&nbsp;mm

*Length: 2.6 m
==Description==
*Weight: 235&nbsp;kg
The Yu-7 has contrarotating propellers. Aboard surface warships, it is fired from Type 7424 tripled 324 mm torpedo launchers; these are copies or derivatives of the WASS B515/ILAS-3.<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
*Warhead: 45&nbsp;kg

*Guidance: active / passive acoustic homing
==Deployment==
*Propulsion: [[Otto fuel II]]
The Yu-7 entered service in the 1990s.<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
*Range: 14&nbsp;km
*Speed: 43 kt
*Depth: 400 m


==Yu-11==
==Yu-11==
The '''Yu-11''' ({{zh|c=鱼-11|p=yú-11|l=fish 11}}) is the successor to the Yu-7. It was first publicly identified in July 2015. The major improvement appears to be the [[pump-jet]] propulsor. The Yu-11 torpedo is quieter and may potentially operate at depths greater than 600 metres. The Yu-11 is longer, at three metres, and heavier than the Yu-7.<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
Yu-11 is the follow on of Yu-7 powered by the same Otto fuel II and developed by the same 705th Institute.<ref name=SNC0/> Development first begun in 2002 and the torpedo finally entered service more than a decade later in 2015,<ref name=SNC1>{{cite web| url=http://haiguotuzhi.com/9875.html | title=Yu-11 light weight torpedo | accessdate=March 5, 2015 }}</ref> with its existence revealed by [[CCTV-7]] in the same year when the TV station ran a footage of Chinese naval war games in July 2015, showing a new light weight torpedo (LWT) launched from a surface warship.<ref name=SNC0/> The new Chinese LWT is obviously longer than its predecessor Yu-7 and many Chinese military enthusiasts have postulated that the extended section houses additional fuel to increase the speed and range, but some western analysts such as Jane's Information Group have also postulated that the extended section might house homing and data processing subsystems.<ref name=SNC2>{{cite web| url=http://www.janes.com/article/53493/plan-holds-largest-ever-firepower-display-in-scs-drills | title=Yu-11 torpedo | accessdate=February 4, 2013 }}</ref>


The Yu-11 is likely to become the standard PLAN lightweight torpedo and may have started equipping modern PLAN warships since 2012.<ref name="janes_dragon"/>
The most significant improvement of Yu-11 over its predecessor Yu-7 is in the propulsion system, with steam generated propels the torpedo in a closed [[Rankine cycle]],<ref name=SNC0/> thus enabling Yu-11 to have greater operating depth, rumored to be over six hundred meters. The contra-rotating propellers of Yu-7 is replaced by a [[pump-jet]],<ref name=SNC0/><ref name=SNC2/> making China the fourth nation in the world to master the technology
of adopting pump-jet for torpedoes.<ref name=SNC0/> Another benefit of adopting pump-jet is the significant reduction of noise radiated by the torpedo, thus greatly increasing the difficulty to detect the approaching torpedo.<ref name=SNC2/> Specification:<ref name=SNC0/>
*Speed: 50 kt max
*Range: 11&nbsp;km @50 kt, 30&nbsp;km @26 kt
*Diameter: 324&nbsp;mm


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Export torpedoes of China]]
* [[Sting Ray (torpedo)]] - British equivalent
* [[Mark 54 MAKO Lightweight Torpedo]] - US Navy's equivalent
* [[MU90 Impact]] - French equivalent
* [[APR-3E torpedo]] - Russian equivalent
* [[APR-3E torpedo]] - Russian equivalent
* [[A244-S]] - Italian equivalent
* [[Mark 54 Lightweight Torpedo]] - US Navy's equivalent
* [[MU90 Impact]] - French/Italian equivalent
* [[Sting Ray (torpedo)]] - British equivalent
* [[Advanced Light Torpedo Shyena|TAL Shyena]] - Indian equivalent
* [[Chung Sang Eo|K745 Chung Sang Eo]] - South Korean equivalent
* [[Type 97 light weight torpedo (G-RX4)]] - Japanese equivalent


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Chinese Torpedoes}}
{{Chinese Torpedoes}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Yu-7 Torpedo}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yu-7 Torpedo}}
[[Category:Torpedoes of China]]
[[Category:Torpedoes of China]]
[[Category:Weapons of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Naval weaponry of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Aerial torpedoes]]
[[Category:Aerial torpedoes]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s]]

Revision as of 07:47, 9 August 2024

Yu-7 torpedo
TypeLightweight ASW torpedo
Place of originPeople's Republic of China
Service history
In serviceEarly 1990s
Used byPeople's Liberation Army Navy
Production history
DesignerChina Shipbuilding Industry Corporation
Designed1980s[1]
Specifications
Mass235 kg (518 lb)[1]
Length2.7 m (8.9 ft)[1]
Diameter324 mm (12.8 in)
Effective firing range14.1 km (7.6 nmi)[1]
Warheadhigh explosive
Warhead weight45 kg (99 lb) shaped charge[1]
PropellantOtto fuel II[1]
Maximum depth400 m (1,300 ft)[1]
Maximum speed >45 kn (83 km/h)[1]
Guidance
system
active / passive acoustic homing
Steering
system
CIACIO-S seeker[1]
Launch
platform
Surface ships
Helicopters

The Yu-7 (Chinese: 鱼-7; pinyin: yú-7; lit. 'fish 7'; from Chinese: 鱼雷; lit. 'fish bomb', meaning ‘torpedo’) is a lightweight torpedo developed by the People's Republic of China. It entered service in the 1990s as the principal anti-submarine weapon of major People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) warships. The Yu-7 is a derivative of the Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei (WASS) A244/S torpedo.[1]

Development

Development of an effective lightweight anti-submarine (ASW) torpedo for the PLAN began in the 1980s. The program was probably based on 40 A244/S torpedoes purchased for evaluation from Italy in 1987. Additional technology may have been reverse engineered from a United States Mark 46 Mod 2 torpedo recovered from the South China Sea in 1978 by Chinese fishermen. The torpedo was initially equipped with electric propulsion, but inadequate performance led to a redesign powered by Otto fuel II. Testing was carried out at the 750 Testing Range in Kunming up to 1988.[1]

Description

The Yu-7 has contrarotating propellers. Aboard surface warships, it is fired from Type 7424 tripled 324 mm torpedo launchers; these are copies or derivatives of the WASS B515/ILAS-3.[1]

Deployment

The Yu-7 entered service in the 1990s.[1]

Yu-11

The Yu-11 (Chinese: 鱼-11; pinyin: yú-11; lit. 'fish 11') is the successor to the Yu-7. It was first publicly identified in July 2015. The major improvement appears to be the pump-jet propulsor. The Yu-11 torpedo is quieter and may potentially operate at depths greater than 600 metres. The Yu-11 is longer, at three metres, and heavier than the Yu-7.[1]

The Yu-11 is likely to become the standard PLAN lightweight torpedo and may have started equipping modern PLAN warships since 2012.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Undersea dragon: Chinese ASW capabilities advance" (PDF). Jane's. 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
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