Jump to content

Xakriabá: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
SporkBot (talk | contribs)
Bots
1,209,277 edits
m Replace per TFD outcome
m deprecated
 
(23 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Other uses}}
{{Otheruses|Xakriabá (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|Indigenous people of Brazil}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Xakriabá
|group = Xakriabá
|image=File:-inspiraUnB - 2º 2018 (29135882207).jpg
|caption=[[Célia Xakriabá]], Xakriabá activist, in traditional dress
|population = 9,196 (2010)<ref name=intro>[http://pib.socioambiental.org/en/povo/xakriaba "Xakriabá: Introduction."] ''ISA: Povos Indígenas no Brasil.'' Retrieved 5 August 2012.</ref>
|population = 9,196 (2010)<ref name=intro>[http://pib.socioambiental.org/en/povo/xakriaba "Xakriabá: Introduction."] ''ISA: Povos Indígenas no Brasil.'' Retrieved 5 August 2012.</ref>
|regions = {{flagcountry|Brazil}} ({{Flag|Minas Gerais}})<ref name=intro/>
|regions = {{flagcountry|Brazil}} ({{Flag|Minas Gerais}})<ref name=intro/>
|languages = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], formerly [[Xakriabá language|Xakriabá]]<ref name=ethno>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=xkr "Xakriabá."] ''Ethnologue.'' Retrieved 5 August 2012.</ref>
|languages = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], formerly [[Xakriabá language|Xakriabá]]<ref name=ethno>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=xkr "Xakriabá."] ''Ethnologue.'' Retrieved 5 August 2012.</ref>
|religions = traditional tribal religion, [[Roman Catholicism]], [[Protestant Christianity]]<ref>[http://pib.socioambiental.org/pt/povo/xakriaba/1158 ""Xakriabá: Vida cerimonial."] ''ISA: Povos Indígenas no Brasil.'' {{pt icon}} Retrieved 5 August 2012.</ref>
|religions = traditional tribal religion, [[Roman Catholicism]], [[Protestant Christianity]]<ref>[http://pib.socioambiental.org/pt/povo/xakriaba/1158 ""Xakriabá: Vida cerimonial."] ''ISA: Povos Indígenas no Brasil.'' {{in lang|pt}} Retrieved 5 August 2012.</ref>
|related = Other [[Gê peoples]]
|related = Other [[Gê peoples]]
}}
}}


The '''Xakriabá''' are an [[indigenous people of Brazil]]. One of the [[Gê peoples]] who spoke the [[Xakriabá language|Xakriabá]] dialect of the [[Xavante language|Akwe]] language, they live in the [[Tocantins River]] area.<ref name="olsen-1991"/> As of 2010, 9,196 Xakriabá people living in [[Minas Gerais]].
The '''Xakriabá''' ({{IPA|pt|ʃɐˌkɾi.ɐˈba}}) are an [[indigenous people of Brazil]]. One of the [[Gê peoples]] who spoke the [[Xakriabá language|Xakriabá]] dialect of the [[Xavante language|Akwe]] language, they used to live in the [[Tocantins River]] area.<ref name="olsen-1991"/> As of 2010, 9,196 Xakriabá people lived in the [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[Minas Gerais]].


==Name==
==Name==
The Xariabá are also known as the Chakriaba, Chikriaba, or Shacriaba people.<ref name=ethno/>
The Xakriabá are also known as the ''Xacriabá'', ''Chakriaba'', ''Chikriaba'', or ''Shacriaba'' people.<ref name=ethno/> They were formerly known as ''"acroás"'' and ''"coroás"'' in [[Bahia]] and ''"gamelas"'' in [[Piauí]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.socioambiental.org/pt/c/quadro-geral|title = Quadro Geral dos Povos - Povos Indígenas no Brasil}}</ref>


==Language==
==Language==
The Xakriabá speak [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. The [[Xakriabá language]] is extinct, but it was an [[Acua language]], belonging to the [[Ge language family]] and was one of the [[Macro-Ge languages]].<ref name=ethno/>
The Xakriabá speak [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. The extinct [[Xakriabá language]] was an Acua language, belonging to the [[Ge language family]] and was one of the [[Macro-Ge languages]].<ref name=ethno/>


==History==
==History==
In pre-colonial times, Xakriabá did not have a defined territory, but lived in the valley of [[Tocantins]], [[Goias]] and along the [[São Francisco River]]. In the early 18th century, [[Matias Cardoso de Almeida]], a pioneer, slaughtered Indians in the region. The Roman Catholic church forced local tribes to build missions. A statue of the saint, [[St. John of the Indians]] ({{pt icon}}: São João dos Índios) appeared at one of the missions, became a patron saint in the region.<ref name=history>[http://pib.socioambiental.org/pt/povo/xakriaba/1155 ""Xakriabá: História."] ''ISA: Povos Indígenas no Brasil.'' {{pt icon}} Retrieved 5 August 2012.</ref>
In pre-colonial times, Xakriabá did not have a defined territory, but lived in the valley of the Tocantins River, in [[Goiás]] and along the [[São Francisco River]]. In the early 18th century, Matias Cardoso de Almeida, a pioneer, slaughtered Indians in the region. The Roman Catholic church forced local tribes to build missions. A statue of the saint, St. John of the Indians {{in lang|pt}}: São João dos Índios) appeared at one of the missions, became a patron saint in the region.<ref name=history>[http://pib.socioambiental.org/pt/povo/xakriaba/1155 ""Xakriabá: História."] ''ISA: Povos Indígenas no Brasil.'' {{in lang|pt}} Retrieved 5 August 2012.</ref>


In the 18th century, the Xakriabá settled in reservations (''aldeia''s).<ref name="olsen-1991"/>
In the 18th century, the Xakriabá settled in reservations (''aldeia''s).<ref name="olsen-1991"/>


1927 marked the first major conflict between encroached ranchers and the Xakriabá. Ranchers forced the Xakriabá to built fences for cattle in the tribes' territory. The Xakriabá resisted by setting fire to the fences, and ranchers responded violently.<ref name=history/>
1927 marked the first major conflict between encroached ranchers and the Xakriabá. Ranchers forced the Xakriabá to build fences for cattle in the tribes' territory. The Xakriabá resisted by setting fire to the fences, and ranchers responded violently.<ref name=history/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="olsen-1991">{{cite book
<ref name="olsen-1991">{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=175c4xOpLtYC&pg=PA401&lpg=PA401&dq=Xakriab%C3%A1&source=bl&ots=W1aY4mom0a&sig=gWN5imDi0DGpubOvhc-76jwAiHk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UzYVUOujFYKK8QTzmYGgBQ&ved=0CFoQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Xakriab%C3%A1&f=false
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=175c4xOpLtYC&q=Xakriab%C3%A1&pg=PA401
|title=The Indians of Central and South America: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary
|title=The Indians of Central and South America: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary
|author=[[James Stuart Olson]]
|author=James Stuart Olson
|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]
|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]
|location=[[Westport, Connecticut]], USA
|location=[[Westport, Connecticut]], USA
Line 35: Line 38:
|isbn=9780313263873
|isbn=9780313263873
|page=401
|page=401
|author-link=James Stuart Olson
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
}}
}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* João Luiz PenaI, Leo Heller, and Cláudio Santiago Dias Júnior, "A população Xakriabá, Minas Gerais: aspectos demográficos, políticos, sociais e econômicos" (La población Xakriabá, Minas Gerais: aspectos demográficos, políticos, sociales y económicos / The Xakriabá population in Minas Gerais, Brazil: Demographic, political, social and economical aspects), ''Rev. bras. estud. popul.'', Vol. 26, No. 1 (Jan/June 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-30982009000100005
* {{cite journal | last1 = João Luiz | first1 = PenaI | last2 = Heller | first2 = Leo | last3 = Cláudio Santiago | first3 = Dias Júnior | year = 2009 | title = A população Xakriabá, Minas Gerais: aspectos demográficos, políticos, sociais e econômicos" (La población Xakriabá, Minas Gerais: aspectos demográficos, políticos, sociales y económicos / The Xakriabá population in Minas Gerais, Brazil: Demographic, political, social and economical aspects) | doi = 10.1590/S0102-30982009000100005 | journal = Rev. Bras. Estud. Popul. | volume = 26 | issue = 1| pages = 51–59| doi-access = free }}

==External links==
{{Commonscatinline}}

{{Indigenous peoples of Brazil}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Xakriaba People}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Xakriaba People}}

Latest revision as of 08:27, 9 August 2024

For other uses, see Xakriabá (disambiguation).
Xakriabá
Célia Xakriabá, Xakriabá activist, in traditional dress
Total population
9,196 (2010)[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Brazil ( Minas Gerais)[1]
Languages
Portuguese, formerly Xakriabá[2]
Religion
traditional tribal religion, Roman Catholicism, Protestant Christianity[3]
Related ethnic groups
Other Gê peoples

The Xakriabá (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʃɐˌkɾi.ɐˈba]) are an indigenous people of Brazil. One of the Gê peoples who spoke the Xakriabá dialect of the Akwe language, they used to live in the Tocantins River area.[4] As of 2010, 9,196 Xakriabá people lived in the state of Minas Gerais.

Name

[edit]

The Xakriabá are also known as the Xacriabá, Chakriaba, Chikriaba, or Shacriaba people.[2] They were formerly known as "acroás" and "coroás" in Bahia and "gamelas" in Piauí.[5]

Language

[edit]

The Xakriabá speak Portuguese. The extinct Xakriabá language was an Acua language, belonging to the Ge language family and was one of the Macro-Ge languages.[2]

History

[edit]

In pre-colonial times, Xakriabá did not have a defined territory, but lived in the valley of the Tocantins River, in Goiás and along the São Francisco River. In the early 18th century, Matias Cardoso de Almeida, a pioneer, slaughtered Indians in the region. The Roman Catholic church forced local tribes to build missions. A statue of the saint, St. John of the Indians (in Portuguese): São João dos Índios) appeared at one of the missions, became a patron saint in the region.[6]

In the 18th century, the Xakriabá settled in reservations (aldeias).[4]

1927 marked the first major conflict between encroached ranchers and the Xakriabá. Ranchers forced the Xakriabá to build fences for cattle in the tribes' territory. The Xakriabá resisted by setting fire to the fences, and ranchers responded violently.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Xakriabá: Introduction." ISA: Povos Indígenas no Brasil. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  2. ^ a b c "Xakriabá." Ethnologue. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  3. ^ ""Xakriabá: Vida cerimonial." ISA: Povos Indígenas no Brasil. (in Portuguese) Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  4. ^ a b James Stuart Olson (1991). The Indians of Central and South America: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 401. ISBN 9780313263873.
  5. ^ "Quadro Geral dos Povos - Povos Indígenas no Brasil".
  6. ^ a b ""Xakriabá: História." ISA: Povos Indígenas no Brasil. (in Portuguese) Retrieved 5 August 2012.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]

Media related to Xacriabás at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Xakriabá&oldid=1239438005"