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{{Short description|Health management software platform}} |
{{Short description|Health management software platform}} |
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{{Infobox Software |
{{Infobox Software |
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| developer = [[HISP Centre at the University of Oslo]] |
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| released = 1996 |
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| latest release version = v2.39 |
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| latest release date = 27 Oct 2022 |
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'''DHIS2''' (also spelled DHIS 2, formerly District Health Information Software) is a free and [[open-source software]] platform for the collection, reporting, analysis and dissemination of aggregate and individual-level data.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About DHIS2 |url=https://dhis2.org/about/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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The '''District Health Information Software''' ('''DHIS''') is used in more than 60 countries around the world. DHIS is an open source software platform for reporting, analysis and dissemination of data for all health programs, developed by the [[Health Information Systems Programme]] (HISP). The core development activities of the DHIS 2 platform (see note on releases and versions further down) are coordinated by the [[Department of Informatics, University of Oslo|Department of Informatics]] at the [[University of Oslo]], and supported by [[Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation|NORAD]], PEPFAR, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, UNICEF and the University of Oslo. |
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The most common use of DHIS2 is for health data, where it can be implemented for individual health programs and/or as a national-scale [[Health management information system|Health Management Information System]] (HMIS). As of the end of 2022, DHIS2 was in use by Ministries of Health in more than 75 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with 69 countries using DHIS2 at national scale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Action |url=https://dhis2.org/in-action/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> Beyond health, DHIS2 is used in sectors such as education,<ref>{{Cite web |title=DHIS2 for Education |url=https://dhis2.org/education/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> supply chain and logistics,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Logistics |url=https://dhis2.org/logistics/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> water and sanitation, nutrition and food security, agriculture and land management, and e-governance, among others. DHIS2 is officially recognized as a [[Digital public goods|Digital Public Good]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=DHIS2 - DPGA Details |url=https://app.digitalpublicgoods.net/a/10165 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=app.digitalpublicgoods.net}}</ref> |
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The solution covers aggregated data (e.g. routine health facility data, staffing, equipment, infrastructure, population estimates), and event data (disease outbreaks, survey/audit data, patient satisfaction surveys, longitudinal patient records etc.). The system supports the capture of data linked to any level in an organisational hierarchy, any data collection frequency, a high degree of customisation at both the input and output side. DHIS 2 comes with easy to use analytics through tailored Dashboards, charts, pivot tables and maps, and can be extended with Apps or used by third-party software through the open Web-API. It has been translated into a number of languages. |
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Development of the core DHIS2 software is coordinated by the [https://hisp.uio.no/ HISP Centre] at the [[University of Oslo]] (formerly the Health Information Systems Programme), where it is housed within the [[Department of Informatics, University of Oslo|Department of Informatics]]. The DHIS2 project is supported financially by a coalition of global partners, including [[Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation|Norad]]; [[President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief|PEPFAR]]; [[The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria]]; [[UNICEF]]; [[GAVI|Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance]]; the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]; the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]; and the University of Oslo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Vision & Partners |url=https://dhis2.org/vision-and-partners/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> The HISP Centre is an official Collaborating Centre of the [[World Health Organization]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=WHOCC - WHO Collaborating Centres |url=https://apps.who.int/whocc/Detail.aspx?g5g1tG1uK97tzoQI/wKcyw== |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=apps.who.int}}</ref> |
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The DHIS was originally developed for three health districts in [[Cape Town]] in 1998-99, but has since spread via the HISP network to more than 40 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin-America. The initial scope – routine monthly Primary Health Center data – has systematically been expanded to cover nearly all aspects of health data and information, and recently been used by other sectors such as Education, Water and Sanitation, Forestry, and Food Security. |
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== DHIS2 software == |
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As a digital solution for data collection and management, DHIS2 can be used for aggregate data (e.g. routine health facility data, staffing, equipment, infrastructure, population estimates, etc.), event data (e.g. disease outbreaks, survey/audit data, patient satisfaction surveys, etc.), and individual-level longitudinal data (e.g. vaccination records, lab sample collection and testing, patient treatment and follow-up, student progress, etc.). The system supports the capture of data linked to any level in an organizational hierarchy at any data collection frequency. |
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DHIS2 includes built-in tools for analytics, including dashboards, charts, pivot tables and maps, as well as data validation and data quality features. It also includes tools to support collaborative data use, such as sharing, commenting and interpretation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Analytics Overview |url=https://dhis2.org/analytics/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> The DHIS2 platform can be extended with custom applications (which can be published and shared through the [https://apps.dhis2.org/ DHIS2 App Hub]) or integrated with third-party software or external data sources through the open [[web API]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technology |url=https://dhis2.org/technology/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> DHIS2 supports health data standards such as FHIR, SNOMED GPS, LOINC, and ICD-10, as well as the generic ADX format for aggregate data exchange.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Integration & Interoperability |url=https://dhis2.org/integration/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> The DHIS2 data model and platform are generic by design, not specifically tailored to the health context, to facilitate the application of DHIS2 to a variety of use cases. |
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== Versions and releases == |
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DHIS (by HISP community) is available in several versions: |
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DHIS2 is a web-based platform. The core software and database are hosted on a server, which can be either physically located in the country of ownership or cloud-based. Users can access the DHIS2 through any modern web browser. In addition, the [https://dhis2.org/android/ DHIS2 Capture Android application] can be used to collect and update DHIS2 data on mobile devices and tablets that use the Android operating system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Android Overview |url=https://dhis2.org/android/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> When data is entered through the web or Android application, it is synced with the central DHIS2 server for that instance. Each individual instance of the DHIS2 software and the data it contains is locally owned and managed. |
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DHIS2 includes support for translation and localization, and has already been translated into a number of languages including French, Portuguese, Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese and Norwegian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Localization & Translation |url=https://dhis2.org/localization/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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DHIS2 software development occurs in 6-month cycles of backend releases, plus periodic patch releases and continuous app releases. Development is coordinated by the HISP Centre according to a collaboratively planned, public roadmap that prioritizes generic improvements that meet country needs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roadmap Process |url=https://dhis2.org/roadmap/process/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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== Uses of DHIS2 == |
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=== Health === |
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DHIS2 is currently in use as a Health Management Information System in more than 75 low- and middle-income countries. 69 of these countries have deployed DHIS2 at national scale. DHIS2 is also used by national health authorities and international health programs and organizations for management of health programs related to specific diseases, such as HIV, TB, and Malaria, among others, as well as for general public health programs such as disease surveillance, routine immunization, and maternal and child health.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO Packages |url=https://dhis2.org/who/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> In addition, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], 55 countries rapidly deployed or extended DHIS2 for national pandemic response and/or vaccination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Covid-19 |url=https://dhis2.org/covid-19/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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=== Education === |
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Since 2019, the HISP Centre has worked with six countries to pilot DHIS2 as an [[Education management information system|Education Management Information System]] (EMIS), with financial support from NORAD and GPE/KIX. This use case adapts the core DHIS2 functionality and data model to the education sector for such purposes as student and teacher records, school report cards, and resource allocation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://education.dhis2.org/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=DHIS2 {{!}} Education |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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=== Logistics === |
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DHIS2 is used for health logistics data in more than 20 countries in Africa and Asia, where it serves as a last-mile solution for facility-level data capture for health commodities. Most commonly, this involves regular reporting of aggregate data on stocks and usage of common medical supply items such as vaccines, medications, syringes, etc, which facilitates triangulation of health service and commodity data as well as forecasting. In addition, some countries use DHIS2 for vaccine [[cold chain]] or other electronic [[Logistics Management Information System]] (eLMIS) use cases. |
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=== Other uses === |
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As a generic software platform, DHIS2 has been adapted for a variety of use cases both within and beyond the health sector. In addition to the most common uses listed above, examples of known DHIS2 projects include water and sanitation, nutrition and food security, agriculture and land management, and e-governance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impact Stories |url=https://dhis2.org/category/impact-stories/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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== History of DHIS development == |
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The original District Health Information Software (DHIS) was developed for three health districts in Cape Town as part of the Health Information Systems Programme (HISP), a collaborative research project between the University of Oslo and the [[University of the Western Cape]] that began in 1994. |
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=== DHIS 1.3 and 1.4 === |
=== DHIS 1.3 and 1.4 === |
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The DHIS version 1 series goes back to 1996 and was developed on the [[Microsoft]] Access platform consisting of [[Visual Basic for Applications|VBA]] for the interface or program logic (front-end), [[Microsoft Access|Access]] as a database (back-end), [[Microsoft Excel|Excel]] for reporting and [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] as the [[Operating system|OS]]. DHIS 1.4 (from 2005) is a significant overhaul of the version 1.3 database structure, using various output formats for reporting. It bridges the gap between DHIS 1.3 and 2. |
The DHIS version 1 series goes back to 1996 and was developed on the [[Microsoft]] Access platform consisting of [[Visual Basic for Applications|VBA]] for the interface or program logic (front-end), [[Microsoft Access|Access]] as a database (back-end), [[Microsoft Excel|Excel]] for reporting and [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] as the [[Operating system|OS]]. DHIS 1.4 (from 2005) is a significant overhaul of the version 1.3 database structure, using various output formats for reporting. It bridges the gap between DHIS 1.3 and 2. |
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=== |
=== DHIS2 === |
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DHIS 2 (from 2004) is a continuation of DHIS version 1 developed on open source Java technologies and available as an online web application. The first release, version 2.0, came in February 2008 after three years of development releases, and the most recent (as of October |
DHIS version 2 (from 2004) is a continuation of DHIS version 1 developed on open source Java technologies and available as an online web application. The first release, version 2.0, came in February 2008 after three years of development releases, and the most recent version is 2.39 (as of October 2022).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Downloads |url=https://dhis2.org/downloads/ |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=DHIS2 |language=en-US}}</ref> DHIS2 is developed using open-source Java frameworks and tools, such as the [[Spring Framework]], [[Hibernate (Java)|Hibernate]], [[Struts2]], [[Apache Maven|Maven]], and [[JUnit]].<ref>{{cite CiteSeerX|last=Braa|first=Jørn |author2=Humberto Muquing|year=2007|title=Building collaborative networks in Africa on health information systems and open source software development – Experiences from the HISP/BEANISH network|citeseerx = 10.1.1.131.8950}}</ref> |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://dhis2.org |
* [http://dhis2.org DHIS2 website] |
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFnnNWC55Iw Video on |
* [http://hisp.uio.no/ HISP Centre website] |
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFnnNWC55Iw Video on DHIS2 in Ghana by Norad] |
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[[Category:Free software programmed in Java (programming language)]] |
[[Category:Free software programmed in Java (programming language)]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:07, 10 August 2024
| Developer(s) | HISP Centre at the University of Oslo |
|---|---|
| Initial release | 1996 |
| Stable release | v2.39
/ 27 Oct 2022 |
| Type | Health management information system |
| License | DHIS 1 (1.4): GPL DHIS 2: BSD |
| Website | www |
DHIS2 (also spelled DHIS 2, formerly District Health Information Software) is a free and open-source software platform for the collection, reporting, analysis and dissemination of aggregate and individual-level data.[1]
The most common use of DHIS2 is for health data, where it can be implemented for individual health programs and/or as a national-scale Health Management Information System (HMIS). As of the end of 2022, DHIS2 was in use by Ministries of Health in more than 75 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with 69 countries using DHIS2 at national scale.[2] Beyond health, DHIS2 is used in sectors such as education,[3] supply chain and logistics,[4] water and sanitation, nutrition and food security, agriculture and land management, and e-governance, among others. DHIS2 is officially recognized as a Digital Public Good.[5]
Development of the core DHIS2 software is coordinated by the HISP Centre at the University of Oslo (formerly the Health Information Systems Programme), where it is housed within the Department of Informatics. The DHIS2 project is supported financially by a coalition of global partners, including Norad; PEPFAR; The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; UNICEF; Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; and the University of Oslo.[6] The HISP Centre is an official Collaborating Centre of the World Health Organization.[7]
DHIS2 software
[edit]As a digital solution for data collection and management, DHIS2 can be used for aggregate data (e.g. routine health facility data, staffing, equipment, infrastructure, population estimates, etc.), event data (e.g. disease outbreaks, survey/audit data, patient satisfaction surveys, etc.), and individual-level longitudinal data (e.g. vaccination records, lab sample collection and testing, patient treatment and follow-up, student progress, etc.). The system supports the capture of data linked to any level in an organizational hierarchy at any data collection frequency.
DHIS2 includes built-in tools for analytics, including dashboards, charts, pivot tables and maps, as well as data validation and data quality features. It also includes tools to support collaborative data use, such as sharing, commenting and interpretation.[8] The DHIS2 platform can be extended with custom applications (which can be published and shared through the DHIS2 App Hub) or integrated with third-party software or external data sources through the open web API.[9] DHIS2 supports health data standards such as FHIR, SNOMED GPS, LOINC, and ICD-10, as well as the generic ADX format for aggregate data exchange.[10] The DHIS2 data model and platform are generic by design, not specifically tailored to the health context, to facilitate the application of DHIS2 to a variety of use cases.
DHIS2 is a web-based platform. The core software and database are hosted on a server, which can be either physically located in the country of ownership or cloud-based. Users can access the DHIS2 through any modern web browser. In addition, the DHIS2 Capture Android application can be used to collect and update DHIS2 data on mobile devices and tablets that use the Android operating system.[11] When data is entered through the web or Android application, it is synced with the central DHIS2 server for that instance. Each individual instance of the DHIS2 software and the data it contains is locally owned and managed.
DHIS2 includes support for translation and localization, and has already been translated into a number of languages including French, Portuguese, Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese and Norwegian.[12]
DHIS2 software development occurs in 6-month cycles of backend releases, plus periodic patch releases and continuous app releases. Development is coordinated by the HISP Centre according to a collaboratively planned, public roadmap that prioritizes generic improvements that meet country needs.[13]
Uses of DHIS2
[edit]Health
[edit]DHIS2 is currently in use as a Health Management Information System in more than 75 low- and middle-income countries. 69 of these countries have deployed DHIS2 at national scale. DHIS2 is also used by national health authorities and international health programs and organizations for management of health programs related to specific diseases, such as HIV, TB, and Malaria, among others, as well as for general public health programs such as disease surveillance, routine immunization, and maternal and child health.[14] In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 55 countries rapidly deployed or extended DHIS2 for national pandemic response and/or vaccination.[15]
Education
[edit]Since 2019, the HISP Centre has worked with six countries to pilot DHIS2 as an Education Management Information System (EMIS), with financial support from NORAD and GPE/KIX. This use case adapts the core DHIS2 functionality and data model to the education sector for such purposes as student and teacher records, school report cards, and resource allocation.[16]
Logistics
[edit]DHIS2 is used for health logistics data in more than 20 countries in Africa and Asia, where it serves as a last-mile solution for facility-level data capture for health commodities. Most commonly, this involves regular reporting of aggregate data on stocks and usage of common medical supply items such as vaccines, medications, syringes, etc, which facilitates triangulation of health service and commodity data as well as forecasting. In addition, some countries use DHIS2 for vaccine cold chain or other electronic Logistics Management Information System (eLMIS) use cases.
Other uses
[edit]As a generic software platform, DHIS2 has been adapted for a variety of use cases both within and beyond the health sector. In addition to the most common uses listed above, examples of known DHIS2 projects include water and sanitation, nutrition and food security, agriculture and land management, and e-governance.[17]
History of DHIS development
[edit]The original District Health Information Software (DHIS) was developed for three health districts in Cape Town as part of the Health Information Systems Programme (HISP), a collaborative research project between the University of Oslo and the University of the Western Cape that began in 1994.
DHIS 1.3 and 1.4
[edit]The DHIS version 1 series goes back to 1996 and was developed on the Microsoft Access platform consisting of VBA for the interface or program logic (front-end), Access as a database (back-end), Excel for reporting and Windows as the OS. DHIS 1.4 (from 2005) is a significant overhaul of the version 1.3 database structure, using various output formats for reporting. It bridges the gap between DHIS 1.3 and 2.
DHIS2
[edit]DHIS version 2 (from 2004) is a continuation of DHIS version 1 developed on open source Java technologies and available as an online web application. The first release, version 2.0, came in February 2008 after three years of development releases, and the most recent version is 2.39 (as of October 2022).[18] DHIS2 is developed using open-source Java frameworks and tools, such as the Spring Framework, Hibernate, Struts2, Maven, and JUnit.[19]
References
[edit]- ^ "About DHIS2". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "In Action". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "DHIS2 for Education". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Logistics". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "DHIS2 - DPGA Details". app.digitalpublicgoods.net. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Our Vision & Partners". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "WHOCC - WHO Collaborating Centres". apps.who.int. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Analytics Overview". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Technology". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Integration & Interoperability". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Android Overview". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Localization & Translation". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Roadmap Process". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
- ^ "WHO Packages". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Covid-19". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Home". DHIS2 | Education. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
- ^ "Impact Stories". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
- ^ "Downloads". DHIS2. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
- ^ Braa, Jørn; Humberto Muquing (2007). "Building collaborative networks in Africa on health information systems and open source software development – Experiences from the HISP/BEANISH network". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.131.8950.