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Changing short description from "Australian Aboriginal tribe" to "Australian Aboriginal people of West Arnhem Land" (Shortdesc helper)
 
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{{use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{use Australian English|date=January 2020}}
{{use Australian English|date=January 2020}}
[[File:Kunwinjku map.png|alt=|thumb|Map showing the lands of the Kunwinjku people in the Northern Territory]]
[[File:Kunwinjku map.png|alt=|thumb|The lands of the Kunwinjku people in the Northern Territory]]
The '''Gunwinggu''' ('''Kunwinjku''') people are an [[Australian Aboriginal]] people, one of several groups within the [[Bininj]] people, who live around West Arnhem Land to the east of [[Darwin, Northern Territory]]. Kunwinjku people generally refer to themselves as "Bininj" (meaning people, or Aboriginal people){{sfn|Bininj Kunwok dictionary}} in much the same way that [[Yolŋu]] people refer to themselves as "Yolŋu".
The '''Kunwinjku''' (formerly written '''Gunwinggu'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Nawu Njale? About |url=https://bininjkunwok.org.au/about/ |website=Bininj Kunwok: Kunwok dja mankarre kadberre—our language, our culture |publisher=Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre |access-date=8 October 2022}}</ref>) people are an [[Australian Aboriginal]] people, one of several groups within the [[Bininj]] people, who live around West [[Arnhem Land]] to the east of [[Darwin, Northern Territory]]. Kunwinjku people generally refer to themselves as "Bininj" (meaning people, or Aboriginal people){{sfn|Bininj Kunwok dictionary}} in much the same way that [[Yolŋu]] people refer to themselves as "Yolŋu".


==Language==
==Language==
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==Country==
==Country==
Their original heartland is said to have been in the hilly terrain south of [[Goulburn Islands|Goulburn Island]] and their frontier with the [[Maung people|Maung]] running just south of [http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=237405&cmd=sp Tor Rock]. Their northern extension approached Sandy Creek, while they were also present south-east at the head of [http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=215061&cmd=sp Cooper's Creek] and part of the [[King River (Northern Territory)|King River]].{{sfn|Elkin|Berndt|Berndt|1951|pp=253–254}} In [[Norman Tindale]]'s scheme, the Kunwinjku were allotted a tribal territory of around {{convert|2,800|mi2|km2}} in the area south of [http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=208543&cmd=sp&c=1&x=143%2E776925&y=%2D15%2E378555&w=20606&mpsec=0 Jungle Creek] and on the headwaters of the [[Alligator Rivers|East Alligator River]].{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=226}} The [[Goomadeer River|Gumader swamps]] near Junction Bay and the creeks east of [[Gunbalanya, Northern Territory|Oenpelli/''Awunbelenja'']] (now Gunbalanya) also formed part of their land.{{sfn|Elkin|Berndt|Berndt|1951|p=254}}
Their original heartland is said to have been in the hilly terrain south of [[Goulburn Islands|Goulburn Island]] and their frontier with the [[Maung people|Maung]] running just south of Tor Rock. Their northern extension approached Sandy Creek, while they were also present south-east at the head of Cooper's Creek and part of the [[King River (Northern Territory)|King River]].{{sfn|Elkin|Berndt|Berndt|1951|pp=253–254}} In [[Norman Tindale]]'s scheme, the Kunwinjku were allotted a tribal territory of around {{convert|2,800|mi2|km2}} in the area south of Jungle Creek and on the headwaters of the [[Alligator Rivers|East Alligator River]].{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=226}} The [[Goomadeer River|Gumader swamps]] near Junction Bay and the creeks east of [[Gunbalanya, Northern Territory|Oenpelli/''Awunbelenja'']] (now Gunbalanya) also formed part of their land.{{sfn|Elkin|Berndt|Berndt|1951|p=254}}


==Alternative names==
==Alternative names==
* ''Gunwinggu''
* Kunwinjku (now considered the standard spelling)
* ''Gunwingu''
* ''Gunwingu''
* ''Gunwingo''
* ''Gunwingo''
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* ''Gundjeibmi, Gundjajeimi, Gundeijeme, Gundeidjeme''
* ''Gundjeibmi, Gundjajeimi, Gundeijeme, Gundeidjeme''
* ''Margulitban''
* ''Margulitban''
* ''Unigangk, Urnigangg''.{{efn|Tindale's source, [[Arthur Capell]], actually wrote ''Uningangk''{{sfn|Capell|1942|p=367}}}}
* ''Unigangk, Urnigangg''{{efn|Tindale's source, [[Arthur Capell]], actually wrote ''Uningangk''{{sfn|Capell|1942|p=367}}}}
* ''Koorungo''
* ''Koorungo''
* ''Neinggu/Neiŋgu''. ([[Maung people|Maung]] [[exonym]]){{sfn|Elkin|Berndt|Berndt|1951|p=253}}
* ''Neinggu/Neiŋgu'' ([[Maung people|Maung]] [[exonym]]){{sfn|Elkin|Berndt|Berndt|1951|p=253}}
* ''Mangaridji''
* ''Mangaridji''
* ''Mangeri''.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=226}}{{efn|Again Capell uses ''Mangeri'' to denote a distinct language group from the Gunwinggu{{sfn|Capell|1942|p=367}}}}
* ''Mangeri''{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=226}}{{efn|Again Capell uses ''Mangeri'' to denote a distinct language group from the Gunwinggu{{sfn|Capell|1942|p=367}}}}


==Customs==
==Customs==
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| author-link = Robert Hamilton Mathews
| author-link = Robert Hamilton Mathews
| journal = [[Royal Society of New South Wales|Journal of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales]]
| journal = [[Royal Society of New South Wales|Journal of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales]]
| year = 1900 | volume = 34 | pages = 120.135
| year = 1900 | volume = 34 | pages = 120–135
| url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130743#page/152/mode/1up
| doi = 10.5962/p.359341 | s2cid = 259735456 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130743#page/152/mode/1up
| doi-access = free
}}
}}
*{{Cite book| title = Native tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia
*{{Cite book| title = Native tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia
| last = Spencer | first = Baldwin
| last = Spencer | first = Baldwin
| author-link = Baldwin Spencer
| author-link = Walter Baldwin Spencer
| year = 1914
| year = 1914
| publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers]] | location = London
| publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers]] | location = London
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*{{Cite book| title = Wanderings in wild Australia
*{{Cite book| title = Wanderings in wild Australia
| last = Spencer | first = Baldwin
| last = Spencer | first = Baldwin
| author-link = Baldwin Spencer
| author-link = Walter Baldwin Spencer
| year = 1928
| year = 1928
| publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers]] | location = London
| publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers]] | location = London
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| publisher = [[Australian National University]]
| publisher = [[Australian National University]]
| chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/gunwinggu.htm
| chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/gunwinggu.htm
| archive-date = 20 March 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200320020206/http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/gunwinggu.htm
| isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6
| isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 12:12, 10 August 2024

The lands of the Kunwinjku people in the Northern Territory

The Kunwinjku (formerly written Gunwinggu[1]) people are an Australian Aboriginal people, one of several groups within the Bininj people, who live around West Arnhem Land to the east of Darwin, Northern Territory. Kunwinjku people generally refer to themselves as "Bininj" (meaning people, or Aboriginal people)[2] in much the same way that Yolŋu people refer to themselves as "Yolŋu".

Language

[edit]

They traditionally speak the Kunwinjku language.

Country

[edit]

Their original heartland is said to have been in the hilly terrain south of Goulburn Island and their frontier with the Maung running just south of Tor Rock. Their northern extension approached Sandy Creek, while they were also present south-east at the head of Cooper's Creek and part of the King River.[3] In Norman Tindale's scheme, the Kunwinjku were allotted a tribal territory of around 2,800 square miles (7,300 km2) in the area south of Jungle Creek and on the headwaters of the East Alligator River.[4] The Gumader swamps near Junction Bay and the creeks east of Oenpelli/Awunbelenja (now Gunbalanya) also formed part of their land.[5]

Alternative names

[edit]
  • Gunwinggu
  • Gunwingu
  • Gunwingo
  • Wengi, Wengei, Wengej
  • Gundeidjeme
  • Gundjeipmi
  • Kulunglutji, Kulunglutchi
  • Gundjeibmi, Gundjajeimi, Gundeijeme, Gundeidjeme
  • Margulitban
  • Unigangk, Urnigangg[a]
  • Koorungo
  • Neinggu/Neiŋgu (Maung exonym)[7]
  • Mangaridji
  • Mangeri[4][b]

Customs

[edit]
Main article: Dzamalag

Dzamalag was a form of ritualised ceremonial exchange or bartering practised by the Gunwinggu people.[8]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Tindale's source, Arthur Capell, actually wrote Uningangk[6]
  2. ^ Again Capell uses Mangeri to denote a distinct language group from the Gunwinggu[6]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "Nawu Njale? About". Bininj Kunwok: Kunwok dja mankarre kadberre—our language, our culture. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  2. ^ Bininj Kunwok dictionary.
  3. ^ Elkin, Berndt & Berndt 1951, pp. 253–254.
  4. ^ a b Tindale 1974, p. 226.
  5. ^ Elkin, Berndt & Berndt 1951, p. 254.
  6. ^ a b Capell 1942, p. 367.
  7. ^ Elkin, Berndt & Berndt 1951, p. 253.
  8. ^ Graeber, David (2011). Debt: The First 5,000 Years. Melville House. ISBN 978-1-933633-86-2.

Sources

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Kunwinjku_people&oldid=1239612872"