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Coordinates: 41°0′30.49″N 28°58′47.75″E / 41.0084694°N 28.9799306°E / 41.0084694; 28.9799306
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{{Short description|World Heritage Sites in Turkey}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| image = Istanbul2010.jpg
| image = Istanbul2010.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = From left to right: The Sultan Ahmed Mosque; the Hagia Sophia; the Seraglio Point consisting of the Topkapı Palace and the Sea Walls; and the Galata Tower at far right, acss the Golden Horn.
| caption = From left to right: The Seraglio Point consisting of the Topkapı Palace and the Sea Walls; the Hagia Sophia; the Sultan Ahmed Mosque; and the Galata Tower in the foreground, across the Golden Horn.
| location = [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]
| location = [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]
| includes = {{flatlist|
| includes = {{flatlist|
#[[Sultanahmet (disambiguation)|Sultanahmet]] Urban Archaeological Component Area
#[[Sultanahmet (disambiguation)|Sultanahmet]] Urban Archaeological Component Area
#[[Suleymaniye Mosque]] and its Associated Component Area
#[[Süleymaniye Mosque]] and its Associated Component Area
#[[Zeyrek Mosque|Zeyrek Mosque (Pantocrator Church)]] and its Associated Component Area
#[[Zeyrek Mosque|Zeyrek Mosque (Pantocrator Church)]] and its Associated Component Area
#[[Walls of Constantinople|Istanbul Land Walls]] Component Area
#[[Walls of Constantinople|Istanbul Land Walls]] Component Area
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| extension = 2017
| extension = 2017
| area = {{convert|765.5|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| area = {{convert|765.5|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| locmapin = Turkey
| locmapin = Istanbul#Turkey
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
}}
}}
The '''Historic Areas of Istanbul''' are a group of sites in the capital district of [[Fatih]] in the city of [[Istanbul]], Turkey. These areas were added to the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage List]] in 1985.
The '''Historic Areas of Istanbul''' are a group of sites in the capital district of [[Fatih]] in the city of [[Istanbul]], Turkey. These areas were added to the [[UNESCO]] [[List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey|World Heritage List]] in 1985.


This World Heritage Site includes buildings and structures suce as the [[Sarayburnu]], the [[Topkapı Palace]], the [[Hagia Sophia]], the [[Sultan Ahmed Mosque]], the [[Hagia Irene]], [[Zeyrek Mosque]], [[Süleymaniye Mosque]], [[Little Hagia Sophia]] and the [[Walls of Constantinople]].
This World Heritage Site includes buildings and structures such as the [[Sarayburnu]], the [[Topkapı Palace]], the [[Hagia Sophia]], the [[Sultan Ahmed Mosque]], the [[Hagia Irene]], [[Zeyrek Mosque]], [[Süleymaniye Mosque]], [[Little Hagia Sophia]] and the [[Walls of Constantinople]].


==Zones==
==Zones==
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* the Zeyrek quarter, protected in 1979;
* the Zeyrek quarter, protected in 1979;
* the zone of the ramparts, protected in 1981.
* the zone of the ramparts, protected in 1981.

== Pollution ==
[[Air pollution in Turkey]], such as [[fine dust]] from traffic, is a serious problem in Istanbul.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-05 |title=‘Air pollution high in areas with traffic congestion in Istanbul’ - Türkiye News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/air-pollution-high-in-areas-with-traffic-congestion-in-istanbul-187565 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Hürriyet Daily News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eren |first=Beytullah |last2=Aksangür |first2=İpek |last3=Erden |first3=Caner |date=2023-03-01 |title=Predicting next hour fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Istanbul Metropolitan City using deep learning algorithms with time windowing strategy |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212095523000123 |journal=Urban Climate |volume=48 |pages=101418 |doi=10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101418 |issn=2212-0955}}</ref> Although the historic peninsula was partially pedestrianised in the early 21st century,<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Historic Istanbul Improved Air Quality by Putting Pedestrians First {{!}} Smart Cities Dive |url=https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/how-istanbul-improved-air-quality-putting-pedestrians-first/1089824/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=www.smartcitiesdive.com |language=en-US}}</ref> a 2015 study found that this is the part of the city which would benefit most from a [[Low-emission zone|low emission zone]].<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Low emission zone study in İstanbul by using MODELS-3/CMAQ framework |url=https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/127639 |publisher=Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü |date=2018-08-06 |degree=masterThesis |language=en |first=Merve |last=Gökgöz Ergül |access-date=2023-12-18 |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115035757/https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/127639 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, as of 2022, it was still said to be "car-oriented".<ref>{{Citation |last=Eltayeb |first=Azraa |title=Towards Vibrant City Centres for People; Promoting Push and Pull Transportation Policies in the Historical Peninsula-Istanbul |date=2022 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07381-6_5 |work=Innovations in Green Urbanization and Alternative Renewable Energy |pages=47–64 |editor-last=Rosso |editor-first=Federica |access-date=2023-12-18 |series=Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-07381-6_5 |isbn=978-3-031-07381-6 |last2=Ustundag |first2=Kevser |editor2-last=Morea |editor2-first=Donato |editor3-last=Pribadi |editor3-first=Didit Okta}}</ref>




==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="144px" heights="145px">
<gallery widths="144px" heights="145px">
File:Istanbul.Bosphorus004.jpg|[[Topkapı Palace]]
File:Topkapı_-_01.jpg|[[Topkapı Palace]]
File:Konstantinápoly, Hagia Szophia ((532–537)).jpg|[[Hagia Sophia]]
File:Topkapı_Main_Entrance.jpg|[[Topkapı Palace]]
File:Favourites_courtyard_Topkapi_March_2008.JPG|[[Topkapı Palace]]
File:Istanbul_asv2020-02_img45_Hagia_Sophia.jpg|[[Hagia Sophia]]
File:Hagia_Sophia_Mars_2013.jpg|[[Hagia Sophia]]
File:Fountain_Hagia_Sophia_2007_002.jpg|[[Hagia Sophia]]
File:Istanbul Hagia Irene IMG 8067 1920.jpg|[[Hagia Irene]]
File:Istanbul Hagia Irene IMG 8067 1920.jpg|[[Hagia Irene]]
File:Exterior of Sultan Ahmed I Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey 002.jpg|[[Sultan Ahmed Mosque]]
File:Exterior of Sultan Ahmed I Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey 002.jpg|[[Sultan Ahmed Mosque]]
File:Exterior of Sultan Ahmed I Mosque, (old name P1020390.jpg).jpg|[[Sultan Ahmed Mosque]]
File:Blue_Mosque_Interior_2_Wikimedia_Commons.JPG|[[Sultan Ahmed Mosque]]
File:Blue_Mosque_2.jpg|[[Sultan Ahmed Mosque]]
File:Little Hagia Sophia.JPG|[[Little Hagia Sophia]]
File:Little Hagia Sophia.JPG|[[Little Hagia Sophia]]
File:Süleymaniye Mosque exterior view.JPG|[[Süleymaniye Mosque]]

File:Süleymaniye Mosque interior view.JPG|[[Süleymaniye Mosque]]
File:Süleymaniye Mosque interior view.JPG|[[Süleymaniye Mosque]]

File:Image-ZeyrekCamii20061230 02.jpg|[[Zeyrek Mosque]]
File:Molla Zeyrek Camii.jpg|[[Zeyrek Mosque]]

File:Istanbul Molla Zeyrek Mosque june 2019 2767.jpg|[[Zeyrek Mosque]]

File:Theodosian Walls of Constantinople, Istanbul (24053561188).jpg|[[Walls of Constantinople]]
File:Theodosian Walls of Constantinople, Istanbul (24053561188).jpg|[[Walls of Constantinople]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Fatih}}
{{World_Heritage_Sites in Turkey}}
{{World_Heritage_Sites in Turkey}}


Latest revision as of 13:11, 10 August 2024

Historic Areas of Istanbul
UNESCO World Heritage Site
From left to right: The Seraglio Point consisting of the Topkapı Palace and the Sea Walls; the Hagia Sophia; the Sultan Ahmed Mosque; and the Galata Tower in the foreground, across the Golden Horn.
LocationIstanbul, Turkey
Includes
  1. Sultanahmet Urban Archaeological Component Area
  2. Süleymaniye Mosque and its Associated Component Area
  3. Zeyrek Mosque (Pantocrator Church) and its Associated Component Area
  4. Istanbul Land Walls Component Area
CriteriaCultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Reference356bis
Inscription1985 (9th Session)
Extensions2017
Area765.5 ha (1,892 acres)
Coordinates41°0′30.49″N 28°58′47.75″E / 41.0084694°N 28.9799306°E / 41.0084694; 28.9799306
Historic Areas of Istanbul is located in Istanbul
Historic Areas of Istanbul
Location of Historic Areas of Istanbul in Istanbul
Historic Areas of Istanbul is located in Turkey
Historic Areas of Istanbul
Historic Areas of Istanbul (Turkey)

The Historic Areas of Istanbul are a group of sites in the capital district of Fatih in the city of Istanbul, Turkey. These areas were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.

This World Heritage Site includes buildings and structures such as the Sarayburnu, the Topkapı Palace, the Hagia Sophia, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, the Hagia Irene, Zeyrek Mosque, Süleymaniye Mosque, Little Hagia Sophia and the Walls of Constantinople.

Zones

[edit]

The World Heritage site covers four zones, illustrating the major phases of the city's history using its most prestigious monuments:

  • the Archaeological Park, which in 1953 and 1956 was defined at the tip of the peninsula;
  • the Süleymaniye quarter, protected in 1980 and 1981;
  • the Zeyrek quarter, protected in 1979;
  • the zone of the ramparts, protected in 1981.

Pollution

[edit]

Air pollution in Turkey, such as fine dust from traffic, is a serious problem in Istanbul.[1][2] Although the historic peninsula was partially pedestrianised in the early 21st century,[3] a 2015 study found that this is the part of the city which would benefit most from a low emission zone.[4] However, as of 2022, it was still said to be "car-oriented".[5]


[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "'Air pollution high in areas with traffic congestion in Istanbul' - Türkiye News". Hürriyet Daily News. 2023-11-05. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  2. ^ Eren, Beytullah; Aksangür, İpek; Erden, Caner (2023-03-01). "Predicting next hour fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Istanbul Metropolitan City using deep learning algorithms with time windowing strategy". Urban Climate. 48: 101418. doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101418. ISSN 2212-0955.
  3. ^ "How Historic Istanbul Improved Air Quality by Putting Pedestrians First | Smart Cities Dive". www.smartcitiesdive.com. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  4. ^ Gökgöz Ergül, Merve (2018-08-06). Low emission zone study in İstanbul by using MODELS-3/CMAQ framework (masterThesis thesis). Avrasya Yerbilimleri Enstitüsü. Archived from the original on 2023-11-15. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  5. ^ Eltayeb, Azraa; Ustundag, Kevser (2022), Rosso, Federica; Morea, Donato; Pribadi, Didit Okta (eds.), "Towards Vibrant City Centres for People; Promoting Push and Pull Transportation Policies in the Historical Peninsula-Istanbul", Innovations in Green Urbanization and Alternative Renewable Energy, Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 47–64, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07381-6_5, ISBN 978-3-031-07381-6, retrieved 2023-12-18
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