Jump to content

Bradford Synagogue: Difference between revisions

Edit links
Coordinates: 53°48′04″N 1°45′45″W / 53.8010611°N 1.7623776°W / 53.8010611; -1.7623776
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m the Guardian -> The Guardian
m clean up spacing around commas and other punctuation, replaced: , → ,
 
(12 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Synagogue in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}

{{Infobox religious building
{{Infobox religious building
|name = Bradford Synagogue
| name = Bradford Synagogue
|image = Bradford Reform Synagogue-1200.jpg
| native_name =
|image_size = 150px
| native_name_lang =
|caption =
| image = Bradford Reform Synagogue-1200.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
|location = 7a Bowland Street, [[Bradford]], BD1 3BW, [[West Yorkshire]], England
| alt =
|religious_affiliation = [[Reform Judaism]]
| caption = The synagogue in 1990
|functional_status = Active
| religious_affiliation = [[Reform Judaism]]
|website = {{URL|bradfordsynagogue.co.uk}}
| architect =
| tradition =
| sect =
| district =
| prefecture =
| province =
| region =
| deity =
| rite =
| festival = <!-- or |festivals= -->
| organisational_status = [[Synagogue]]<!-- or |organizational_status= -->
| ownership =
| governing_body =
| leadership =
| leadership =
| architecture = yes
| bhattaraka =
| architecture_type =
| patron =
| consecration_year =
| architecture_style = [[Moorish Revival]]
| facade_direction =
| functional_status = Active
| religious_features_label =
| groundbreaking = 1880
| religious_features =
| location = 7a Bowland Street, [[Bradford]], [[West Yorkshire]], [[England]] BD1 3BW
| locale =
| municipality =
| cercle =
| state =
| country = United Kingdom
| map_type = United Kingdom West Yorkshire
| map_size = 250
| map_alt =
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the synagogue in [[West Yorkshire]]
| grid_name =
| grid_position =
| sector =
| territory =
| administration =
| coordinates = {{coord|53.8010611|-1.7623776|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=it}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| heritage_designation =
| architect = Francis and Thomas Healey
| architecture_type = [[Synagogue architecture]]
| architecture_style = [[Moorish Revival architecture|Moorish Revival]]
| founded_by =
| creator =
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| established = 1873 {{small|(as a congregation)}}
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 1881
| year_completed = 1881
| specifications =
| construction_cost =
| construction_cost =
| date_demolished = <!-- or |date_destroyed= -->
| facade_direction =
| capacity =
| capacity =
| length =
| length =
| width =
| width =
| width_nave =
| width_nave =
| height_max =
| interior_area =
| dome_quantity =
| height_max =
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_quantity =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| minaret_quantity =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_height =
| minaret_quantity =
| spire_quantity =
| minaret_height =
| spire_height =
| spire_quantity =
| materials =
| spire_height =
| nrhp =
| site_area =
| added =
| temple_quantity =
| refnum =
| monument_quantity =
| shrine_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| materials = [[Ashlar]] stone; slate
| elevation_m = <!-- or |elevation_ft= -->
| elevation_footnotes =
| nrhp =
| designated =
| added =
| refnum =
| delisted1_date =
| website = {{URL|bradfordsynagogue.co.uk}}
| module = {{Infobox historic site
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Grade II*
| designation1_offname = Bradford Synagogue (Reform)
| designation1_type = Listed building
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_date = 6 December 1989
| delisted1_date =
| designation1_partof =
| designation1_number = 1227613
}}
| footnotes = <ref name="nhle"/><ref name="JG:BRS"/>
}}
}}
The '''Bradford Synagogue''', officially '''Bradford Reform Synagogue''', is a [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] [[Judaism|Jewish]] congregation and [[synagogue]], located at 7 Bowland Street in [[Bradford]], [[West Yorkshire]], [[England]], in the United Kingdom. Established as a congregation in 1873, the synagogue building was completed in 1881. The synagogue building was [[listed building|listed as a Grade II* building]] in 1989.<ref name="nhle"/>


'''Bradford Synagogue''' is a [[synagogue]] at 7 Bowland Street in [[Bradford]], [[West Yorkshire]], affiliated with the [[Movement for Reform Judaism]]. It adopted its present name in 2018.<ref name="Tree of Life">{{Cite web |url=https://www.reformjudaism.org.uk/bradford-becomes-tree-of-life-synagogue/ |title=Bradford becomes Tree of Life Synagogue |date=26 November 2018 |publisher=[[Movement for Reform Judaism]] |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> The synagogue is still used for [[Shabbat]] and major festivals although the community is small and has been in decline for some years. Friday night dinners are held as well as a communal [[Passover seder|seder for Passover]].
The congregation is affiliated with the [[Movement for Reform Judaism]]. The congregation was founded as the '''Jewish Association''', and then changed its name to the '''Bradford Congregation of British & Foreign Jews''' until the 1950s, when it was called the '''Bradford Tree of Life Synagogue''' until 2018.<ref name="JG:BRS"/><ref name="Tree of Life">{{Cite web |url=https://www.reformjudaism.org.uk/bradford-becomes-tree-of-life-synagogue/ |title=Bradford becomes Tree of Life Synagogue |date=26 November 2018 |publisher=[[Movement for Reform Judaism]] |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> The congregation uses the synagogue for [[Shabbat]] and major festivals although the community is small and has been in decline for some years. Friday night dinners are held as well as a communal [[Passover seder|seder for Passover]].

== Architecture ==

The synagogue building is [[listed building|Grade II* listed]].<ref name="UKP:BRS">{{cite web |title=Early Day Motion 1801 – Bradford Reform Synagogue |work=UK Parliament |access-date=30 August 2013 |date=2 July 2009 |url=http://www.parliament.uk/edm/2008-09/1801}}</ref><ref name="nhle">{{NHLE |desc=Bradford Synagogue (reform) |access-date=12 August 2016 |num=1227613}}</ref> Architecturally, Bradford is a very rare and well-preserved, small-scale, provincial synagogue built in [[Moorish Revival architecture|"Oriental"]] style. It is perhaps the most notable example in British synagogue architecture of the 19th-century fashion for "Orientalism" – both inside and out.


== History ==
== History ==

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Interior of Bradford Reform Synagogue.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Interior of Bradford Reform Synagogue]] -->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Interior of Bradford Reform Synagogue.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Interior of Bradford Reform Synagogue]] -->
German-born Jews played an important role in the development of the local woollen trade and Jewish merchants from central Europe took advantage of the climate of economic and political freedom in Bradford.
Bradford, the third Reform synagogue to be established in the United Kingdom,<ref name="JG:BRS">{{cite web |title=Jewish Communities and Records: Bradford (Reform) Synagogue |work=JewishGen |access-date=30 August 2013 |date=11 August 2005 |url=http://www.jewishgen.org/JCR-uk/Community/bra1/index.htm}}</ref>

is the second oldest surviving Reform synagogue in the UK and its establishment predated the building of an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] synagogue in the town.<ref name="JHUK:AJHSaR">{{cite web |title=Annual Jewish Heritage Sites at Risk List Published |work=Jewish Heritage UK |access-date=30 August 2013 |date=February 2013 |url=http://www.jewish-heritage-uk.org/news/text/news.htm}}</ref>
The foundation stone was laid in 1880 and the community was founded by one of the first Reform [[rabbis]] in Britain, Rabbi Dr.&nbsp;Joseph Strauss.<ref name="BRS">{{Cite web |title=About the Synagogue |work=Bradford Reform Synagogue |access-date=21 March 2021 |url=http://www.bradfordsynagogue.co.uk/about.htm}}</ref> Construction was completed in 1881.<ref name="nhle"/>
The Bradford Synagogue is the third Reform synagogue established in the United Kingdom,<ref name="JG:BRS">{{cite web |author=Shulman, David |title=Bradford (Reform) Synagogue |work=Jewish Communities and Records - UK |publisher=[[JewishGen]] and the Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain |access-date=9 May 2024 |date=24 December 2023 |url=http://www.jewishgen.org/JCR-uk/Community/bra1/index.htm}}</ref> and is the second oldest surviving Reform synagogue in the United Kingdom. Its establishment predated the building of an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] synagogue in the town.<ref name="JHUK:AJHSaR">{{cite web |title=Annual Jewish Heritage Sites at Risk List Published |work=Jewish Heritage UK |access-date=30 August 2013 |date=February 2013 |url=http://www.jewish-heritage-uk.org/news/text/news.htm}}</ref> The foundation stone was laid in 1880 and the community was founded by one of the first Reform [[rabbis]] in Britain, Rabbi Dr&nbsp;Joseph Strauss.<ref name="BRS">{{Cite web |title=About the Synagogue |work=Bradford Reform Synagogue |access-date=21 March 2021 |url=http://www.bradfordsynagogue.co.uk/about.htm}}{{self-published inline|date=May 2024}}</ref> Construction was completed in 1881.<ref name="nhle"/>


Aged 28 and with a Rabbinic diploma, he was appointed as the first Rabbi in Bradford in 1873, being welcomed by the community at a general meeting on 31 October of that year. Rabbi Strauss led the community from 1873 to 1922.
Aged 28 and with a Rabbinic diploma, Strauss was appointed as the first rabbi in Bradford in 1873, and was welcomed by the community at a general meeting on 31 October of that year. Rabbi Strauss led the community from 1873 to 1922.


The decline of the local Jewish community meant that the synagogue faced financial difficulties and a meeting was held in June 2009 where the community agreed to the sale of its building as “a very last resort”.<ref name="TJC:BiFTtS">{{cite web |title=Bradford is forced to sell |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]] |access-date=16 December 2018 |date=25 June 2009 |url=https://www.thejc.com/community/community-news/bradford-is-forced-to-sell-1.10017?highlight=Bradford}}</ref>
The decline of the local Jewish community meant that the synagogue faced financial difficulties and a meeting was held in June 2009 where the community agreed to the sale of its building as “a very last resort”.<ref name="TJC:BiFTtS">{{cite web |title=Bradford is forced to sell |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]] |access-date=16 December 2018 |date=25 June 2009 |url=https://www.thejc.com/community/community-news/bradford-is-forced-to-sell-1.10017?highlight=Bradford}}</ref>
Line 60: Line 120:
This was supported by the local Muslim community.<ref name="TA:CGRT">{{cite web |title=Community groups rally together to save Bradford's historic synagogue |work=Bradford Telegraph and Argus |access-date=22 March 2013 |date=5 March 2013 |url=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/10265898.Community_groups_rally_together_to_save_Bradford_s_historic_synagogue/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pidd |first1=Helen |title=Bradford synagogue saved by city's Muslims |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/20/bradford-synagogue-saved-muslims-jews |access-date=7 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=20 December 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
This was supported by the local Muslim community.<ref name="TA:CGRT">{{cite web |title=Community groups rally together to save Bradford's historic synagogue |work=Bradford Telegraph and Argus |access-date=22 March 2013 |date=5 March 2013 |url=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/10265898.Community_groups_rally_together_to_save_Bradford_s_historic_synagogue/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pidd |first1=Helen |title=Bradford synagogue saved by city's Muslims |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/20/bradford-synagogue-saved-muslims-jews |access-date=7 September 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=20 December 2013 |language=en}}</ref>


== Notable people ==
== Architecture ==
The synagogue building was [[listed building|listed as a Grade II* building]] in 1989.<ref name="UKP:BRS">{{cite web |title=Early Day Motion 1801 – Bradford Reform Synagogue |work=UK Parliament |access-date=30 August 2013 |date=2 July 2009 |url=http://www.parliament.uk/edm/2008-09/1801}}</ref><ref name="nhle">{{NHLE |desc=Bradford Synagogue (Reform) |access-date=12 August 2016 |num=1227613 |grade=11*}}</ref> Architecturally, Bradford is a very rare and well-preserved, small-scale, provincial synagogue built in [[Moorish Revival architecture|"Oriental"]] style. It is perhaps the most notable example in British synagogue architecture of the 19th-century fashion for "Orientalism" – both inside and out.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

German-born Jews played an important role in the development of the local woollen trade and Jewish merchants from central Europe took advantage of the climate of economic and political freedom in Bradford.


== Notable members ==
[[Jacob Moser]] (1839–1922), born in Denmark, was a founder of the Reform congregation and ardent early Zionist, and became mayor of [[Bradford]].
* [[Jacob Moser]] (1839–1922), congregation founder, philanthropist, and mayor of Bradford<ref name="BBC:TJC">{{cite web |last=Binns |first=Katie |title=The Jewish connection! |work=BBC – Bradford and West Yorkshire |access-date=30 August 2013 |date=1 April 2008 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/content/articles/2006/04/12/jews_of_bradford_feature.shtml}}</ref>
He was a member of the Zionist Central Council, the Anglo-Palestinian Corporation and supported the [[Jewish National Fund]], giving 50,000 francs to help found the first Hebrew High School in [[Jaffa]] in 1907.
He also supported the large and poor Jewish community in [[Leeds]].<ref name="BBC:TJC">{{cite web |last=Binns |first=Katie |title=The Jewish connection! |work=BBC – Bradford and West Yorkshire |access-date=30 August 2013 |date=1 April 2008 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/content/articles/2006/04/12/jews_of_bradford_feature.shtml}}</ref>
Moser was one of the founders of the Bradford Charity Organisation Society and the City Guild of Help.
He served on the board of the British Royal Infirmary from 1883 and contributed £5,000 to the local fund for the building of a new institution.
He provided £10,000 in 1898 as a benevolent fund for the aged and infirm of the city; he also supported the local children’s hospital, donated 12,000 books to Bradford Central Library and was involved in [[Bradford Technical College]], the [[Workers' Educational Association]] and the Bradford Scientific Association.


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|England|Judaism}}}}

* [[History of the Jews in England]]
* [[List of Jewish communities in the United Kingdom]]
* [[List of Jewish communities in the United Kingdom]]
* [[List of synagogues in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Movement for Reform Judaism]]


== References ==
== References ==

{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |chapter=Bradford Synagogue |title=Jewish Heritage in Britain and Ireland |year=2015 |author=Kadish, Sharman |author-link=Sharman Kadish |publisher= |pages=200–203 |isbn= }}
* {{cite book |title=Tradition and Change - A History of Reform Judaism in Britain 1840-1995 |year= |author1=Kershen, A. J. |author2=[[Jonathan Romain|Romain, Rabbi J. A.]] |publisher= |pages=71–79 |isbn= }}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Bradford Reform Synagogue}}

* [http://www.bradfordsynagogue.co.uk/ Bradford Reform Synagogue website]
* {{official website|https://www.bradfordsynagogue.co.uk/}}
* [http://www.reformjudaism.org.uk/ The Movement for Reform Judaism]
* [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-337367-bradford-synagogue-reform- British Listed Buildings]

{{coord|53.8010611|-1.7623776|format=dms|type:landmark|display=title}}


{{Reform Judaism in the United Kingdom}}
{{Reform Judaism in the United Kingdom}}
{{Synagogues in the United Kingdom}}
{{Bradford}}
{{Bradford}}


[[Category:1880 establishments in England]]
[[Category:1873 establishments in England]]
[[Category:19th-century synagogues in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bradford]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bradford]]
[[Category:German-Jewish culture in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:German-Jewish culture in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Grade II* listed buildings in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Grade II* listed buildings in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Grade II* listed religious buildings and structures]]
[[Category:Grade II* listed religious buildings and structures]]
[[Category:Jewish organizations established in 1873]]
[[Category:Manningham, Bradford]]
[[Category:Manningham, Bradford]]
[[Category:Moorish Revival architecture in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Moorish Revival architecture in the United Kingdom]]
Line 102: Line 160:
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Synagogues completed in 1881]]
[[Category:Synagogues completed in 1881]]
[[Category:Synagogues in England]]
[[Category:Synagogues in Yorkshire]]

Latest revision as of 00:03, 12 August 2024

Bradford Synagogue
The synagogue in 1990
Religion
AffiliationReform Judaism
Ecclesiastical or organisational statusSynagogue
StatusActive
Location
Location7a Bowland Street, Bradford, West Yorkshire, England BD1 3BW
CountryUnited Kingdom
Bradford Synagogue is located in West Yorkshire
Bradford Synagogue
Location of the synagogue in West Yorkshire
Geographic coordinates53°48′04″N 1°45′45″W / 53.8010611°N 1.7623776°W / 53.8010611; -1.7623776
Architecture
Architect(s)Francis and Thomas Healey
TypeSynagogue architecture
StyleMoorish Revival
Date established1873 (as a congregation)
Completed1881
MaterialsAshlar stone; slate
Website
bradfordsynagogue.co.uk
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official nameBradford Synagogue (Reform)
TypeListed building
Designated6 December 1989
Reference no.1227613
[1][2]

The Bradford Synagogue, officially Bradford Reform Synagogue, is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 7 Bowland Street in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, in the United Kingdom. Established as a congregation in 1873, the synagogue building was completed in 1881. The synagogue building was listed as a Grade II* building in 1989.[1]

The congregation is affiliated with the Movement for Reform Judaism. The congregation was founded as the Jewish Association, and then changed its name to the Bradford Congregation of British & Foreign Jews until the 1950s, when it was called the Bradford Tree of Life Synagogue until 2018.[2][3] The congregation uses the synagogue for Shabbat and major festivals although the community is small and has been in decline for some years. Friday night dinners are held as well as a communal seder for Passover.

History

[edit]

German-born Jews played an important role in the development of the local woollen trade and Jewish merchants from central Europe took advantage of the climate of economic and political freedom in Bradford.

The Bradford Synagogue is the third Reform synagogue established in the United Kingdom,[2] and is the second oldest surviving Reform synagogue in the United Kingdom. Its establishment predated the building of an Orthodox synagogue in the town.[4] The foundation stone was laid in 1880 and the community was founded by one of the first Reform rabbis in Britain, Rabbi Dr Joseph Strauss.[5] Construction was completed in 1881.[1]

Aged 28 and with a Rabbinic diploma, Strauss was appointed as the first rabbi in Bradford in 1873, and was welcomed by the community at a general meeting on 31 October of that year. Rabbi Strauss led the community from 1873 to 1922.

The decline of the local Jewish community meant that the synagogue faced financial difficulties and a meeting was held in June 2009 where the community agreed to the sale of its building as “a very last resort”.[6] Subsequent to this meeting funding was secured that enabled the community to continue using the current building.[7] This was supported by the local Muslim community.[8][9]

Architecture

[edit]

The synagogue building was listed as a Grade II* building in 1989.[10][1] Architecturally, Bradford is a very rare and well-preserved, small-scale, provincial synagogue built in "Oriental" style. It is perhaps the most notable example in British synagogue architecture of the 19th-century fashion for "Orientalism" – both inside and out.[citation needed]

Notable members

[edit]
  • Jacob Moser (1839–1922), congregation founder, philanthropist, and mayor of Bradford[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Historic England. "Bradford Synagogue (Reform) (Grade 11*) (1227613)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  2. ^ a b c Shulman, David (24 December 2023). "Bradford (Reform) Synagogue". Jewish Communities and Records - UK. JewishGen and the Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  3. ^ "Bradford becomes Tree of Life Synagogue". Movement for Reform Judaism. 26 November 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  4. ^ "Annual Jewish Heritage Sites at Risk List Published". Jewish Heritage UK. February 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  5. ^ "About the Synagogue". Bradford Reform Synagogue. Retrieved 21 March 2021.[self-published source?]
  6. ^ "Bradford is forced to sell". The Jewish Chronicle. 25 June 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  7. ^ Baker, Hannah (28 June 2010). "Celebration held for 'little miracle'". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  8. ^ "Community groups rally together to save Bradford's historic synagogue". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. 5 March 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
  9. ^ Pidd, Helen (20 December 2013). "Bradford synagogue saved by city's Muslims". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  10. ^ "Early Day Motion 1801 – Bradford Reform Synagogue". UK Parliament. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  11. ^ Binns, Katie (1 April 2008). "The Jewish connection!". BBC – Bradford and West Yorkshire. Retrieved 30 August 2013.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Kadish, Sharman (2015). "Bradford Synagogue". Jewish Heritage in Britain and Ireland. pp. 200–203.
  • Kershen, A. J.; Romain, Rabbi J. A. Tradition and Change - A History of Reform Judaism in Britain 1840-1995. pp. 71–79.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bradford Reform Synagogue.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bradford_Synagogue&oldid=1239854032"