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{{Short description|Sultan of Malacca (r. 1446–1459)}}
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'''Sultan Muzaffar Shah''' was the fifth [[Sultan]] of [[Malacca]]. He ruled from 1445 to 1459. He is the son of Sultan [[Muhammad Shah of Malacca|Muhammad Shah]]. The original name of Sultan Muzaffar Shah is Raja Kassim<ref name=Coedes>{{Cite book
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Muzaffar Shah<br><small>سلطان مظفر شاه ابن المرحوم سلطان محمد شاه</small>
| title = 5th Sultan of Malacca
| image =
| caption =
| reign = [[Malacca Sultanate]]: 1446–1459
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor = [[Abu Syahid Shah]]
| successor = [[Mansur Shah of Malacca|Mansur Shah]]
| spouse =
| issue = [[Mansur Shah of Malacca|Mansur Shah]]
| royal house =
| dynasty =
| father = [[Muhammad Shah of Malacca|Muhammad Shah]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1459
| death_place =
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}
⚫
'''Sultan Muzaffar Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah''' (died 1459) was the fifth [[Sultan]] of [[Malacca]]. He ruled from 1446 to 1459. He is the son of Sultan [[Muhammad Shah of Malacca|Muhammad Shah]]. The original name of Sultan Muzaffar Shah is Raja Kassim<ref name=Coedes>{{Cite book
| last = Cœdès
| last = Cœdès
| first = George
| first = George
Line 6: Line 30:
| publisher = University of Hawaii Press
| publisher = University of Hawaii Press
| year = 1968
| year = 1968
| url = http://books.google.com.my/books?id=iDyJBFTdiwoC
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iDyJBFTdiwoC
| isbn =9780824803681 }}</ref>{{rp|246}} and known as Sulutan Wudafona Sha in [[History of Ming]] of [[China]].
| isbn =9780824803681 }}</ref>{{rp|246}} and known as Sulutan Wudafona Sha (苏丹慕扎法沙) in [[History of Ming]] of [[China]].


==Succession to the throne==
⚫
Raja Kassim, son of Sultan Muhammad Shah and Tun Wati, was installed as the fifth ruler of Malacca after the death of Sultan Muhammad Shah. After his installation as ruler of Malacca, Raja Kassim titled as Sultan Muzaffar Shah. Sultan Muzaffar Shah has ordered senior officers to perform all the customs, traditions and prohibitions introduced by his late father. Sultan Muzaffar Shah married with the daughter of the [[Bendahara]] (Prime Minister) and had a son named Raja Abdullah.


⚫
Raja Kassim, son of Sultan Muhammad Shah and Tun Wati, was installed as the fifth ruler of Malacca after the death of his half-brother Sultan Muhammad Shah. His uncle, Tun Ali was an influential [[Tamil Muslim]] leader who allegedly conspired to assassinate the fourth sultan of Malacca, Raja Sri Parameswara Dewa Shah so that his nephew could ascend the throne. After his installation as ruler of Malacca, Raja Kassim titled himself as Sultan Muzaffar Shah. Sultan Muzaffar Shah ordered his senior officers to perform all the customs, traditions and prohibitions introduced by his late father. Sultan Muzaffar Shah married the daughter of the [[Bendahara]] (Prime Minister) and had a son named Raja Abdullah.
⚫
When Bendahara Seri Wak Raja I died, the Sultan has appointed Tun Perpatih Sedang, son of the late Bendahara as [[Bendahara]] and given the title Seri Melaka Wak King (II). However, Sri Wak Raja II has taken his own life by drinking poison when he mistook the Sultan that the Sultan displeased him. He leaves a daughter, Tun Kudu, and two sons, Tun Perak and Tun Perpatih Patih. Sultan Muzaffar Shah later married Tun Kudu. [[Tun Perak]], which at that time did not hold any post in Malacca were sent by Sultan Muzaffar Shah to become a country leader in [[Klang (city)|Klang]]. Seri Nara Diraja [[Tun Ali]], the uncle of the Sultan also served as the bendahara of Malacca.


==Relationship with his Prime Ministers==
Future threats from [[Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]], the capital of [[Siam]], made possible by the occurrence of an attack on Malacca by road in 1446. Tun Perak led his people from Klang to Malacca to repel the attacks of Siam. Judgment and his leadership had attracted great attention of the Sultan. That he has high hopes to see that Malacca continued to grow, Tun Perak appointed as Bendahara.


⚫
When Bendahara Seri Wak Raja I died, the Sultan appointed Tun Perpatih Sedang, the son of the late Bendahara to replace him and gave him the title Seri Melaka Wak Raja (II). However, Sri Wak Raja II took his own life by drinking poison when he mistook the Sultan for being displeased with him. He left behind a daughter, Tun Kudu, and two sons, Tun Perak and Tun Perpatih Putih. According to tradition, either Tun Perak should take over his later father's place. However, the Sultan made his own uncle, Tun Ali the new Bendahara out of gratitude for helping him ascend the throne. Sultan Muzaffar Shah later married Tun Kudu. Meanwhile, [[Tun Perak]], was sent away to [[Klang (city)|Klang]] and made chieftain there to avoid any political turmoil.
⚫
Tun Perak arose in political arena has created tension between him and Tun Ali. Looking feud between these two beloved leaders can lead to disunity among the people of Malacca. Sultan Muzaffar Shah has been in talks with Tun Ali, who is a widower who was old at the time. Tun Ali agreed to continue the role he provided and allowed to marry Tun Kudu, who is one of the Sultan's wives. Sultan Muzaffar Shah consented to divorce his wife for the sake of political stability and Tun Kudu has also agreed to marry Tun Ali for the well being of the country. The sacrifice of Sultan Muzaffar Shah and Tun Kudu was not in vain. Tun Ali and Tun Perak became close friends and had always worked for the development of Malacca. Soon, Tun Ali himself applied to the Sultan to appoint Tun Perak as bendahara. Thus, Sultan has appointed Tun Perak as the new bendahara and titled Paduka Raja around 1456


Siamese government, based in Ayutthaya, determined to conquer Malacca despite their previous attack by land was ended with the defeat of their party. In 1456, during the reign of King Boromo Trilokanat, Siam had made plans to attack Malacca by sea. When Malacca Government knew about this plan, it has prepared its naval and decided to break the Siamese in Batu Pahat. The forces led by Tun Perak and assisted by Tun Hamzah, a warrior who called Datuk Bongkok. A fierce battle took place between the two sides, and this is the first battle of Malacca. However, Malacca has the advantage in terms of skills and knowledge has been successfully drove the Siamese forces to Singapore and forced them back. Malacca victory in this war has injected new vigor in the strategy to expand its influence in the Malay Archipelago. The Victory over Siam has also led to political stability and strengthened the reputation of Malacca in Southeast Asia.
In 1456, during the reign of King Boromo Trilokanat, Siam made plans to attack Malacca by sea. When the Malacca government learned about this plan, it prepared its naval and decided to attack the Siamese in Batu Pahat. The forces were led by Tun Perak and assisted by Tun Hamzah, a warrior called Datuk Bongkok. A fierce battle took place between the two sides, and this became the first military battle of Malacca. However, Malacca had the advantage in terms of skills and knowledge. They successfully drove the Siamese forces to Singapore and forced them back. Malacca's victory in this war has injected new vigor in the strategy to expand its influence in the Malay Archipelago. The victory over Siam also led to political stability and strengthened the reputation of Malacca in Southeast Asia.


⚫
Tun Perak's rise in the political arena created tension between him and Tun Ali. Seeing that the feud between these two powerful leaders can lead to disunity among the people of Malacca, Muzaffar decided to level with Tun Ali, who was a middle-aged widower at the time. Tun Ali agreed to step down as Prime Minister provided he be allowed to marry Tun Kudu, who was one of the Sultan's wives. Sultan Muzaffar Shah consented to divorce his wife for the sake of political stability and Tun Kudu also agreed to marry Tun Ali for the well being of the country. The sacrifice of Sultan Muzaffar Shah and Tun Kudu was not in vain. Tun Ali and Tun Perak became close friends and even worked together for the development of Malacca. Soon, Tun Ali himself supported the Sultan's decision to appoint Tun Perak as Prime Minister. Thus, Sultan has appointed Tun Perak as the new bendahara and titled him Paduka Raja around 1456.
Sultan Muzaffar Shah died in 1459 and his tomb is still in Malacca now.{{Citation needed|reason=Please document sources.|date=November 2015}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== Further reading ==
⚫
[http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41560496?uid=3738176&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21102449850521 The Siamese Wars with Malacca During the Reign of Muzaffar Shah]　G. E. Marrison　Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society　Vol. 22, No. 1 (147) (March 1949), pp.&nbsp;61–66


⚫
* G. E. Marrison. [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/41560496?uid=3738176&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21102449850521 The Siamese Wars with Malacca During the Reign of Muzaffar Shah]. ''Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.'' Vol. 22, No. 1 (147) (March 1949), pp.&nbsp;61–66
⚫
[http://www.malaccaguide.com/history_of_malacca_2.html History of Malacca - Chronology of Events]

== External links ==

⚫
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150706142851/http://www.malaccaguide.com/history_of_malacca_2.html History of Malacca - Chronology of Events]


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|House of Malacca|}}
{{S-hou|House of Malacca||||1459}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Abu Syahid (Sultan of Malacca)|Abu Syahid]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Abu Syahid Shah of Malacca|Abu Syahid Shah]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Sultan of Malacca]]|years=1445-1459}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Sultan of Malacca]]|years=1446-1459}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Mansur Shah (Sultan of Malacca)|Mansur Shah]]}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Mansur Shah of Malacca|Mansur Shah]]}}
{{end}}
{{end}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:1459 deaths]]
[[Category:Sultans of Malacca]]
[[Category:Sultans of Malacca]]
[[Category:History of Malacca]]
[[Category:History of Malacca]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism]]
[[Category:15th-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Sons of sultans]]

Latest revision as of 07:27, 12 August 2024

Muzaffar Shah
سلطان مظفر شاه ابن المرحوم سلطان محمد شاه
5th Sultan of Malacca
ReignMalacca Sultanate: 1446–1459
PredecessorAbu Syahid Shah
SuccessorMansur Shah
Died1459
IssueMansur Shah
FatherMuhammad Shah
ReligionSunni Islam

Sultan Muzaffar Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah (died 1459) was the fifth Sultan of Malacca. He ruled from 1446 to 1459. He is the son of Sultan Muhammad Shah. The original name of Sultan Muzaffar Shah is Raja Kassim[1]: 246  and known as Sulutan Wudafona Sha (苏丹慕扎法沙) in History of Ming of China.

Succession to the throne

[edit]

Raja Kassim, son of Sultan Muhammad Shah and Tun Wati, was installed as the fifth ruler of Malacca after the death of his half-brother Sultan Muhammad Shah. His uncle, Tun Ali was an influential Tamil Muslim leader who allegedly conspired to assassinate the fourth sultan of Malacca, Raja Sri Parameswara Dewa Shah so that his nephew could ascend the throne. After his installation as ruler of Malacca, Raja Kassim titled himself as Sultan Muzaffar Shah. Sultan Muzaffar Shah ordered his senior officers to perform all the customs, traditions and prohibitions introduced by his late father. Sultan Muzaffar Shah married the daughter of the Bendahara (Prime Minister) and had a son named Raja Abdullah.

Relationship with his Prime Ministers

[edit]

When Bendahara Seri Wak Raja I died, the Sultan appointed Tun Perpatih Sedang, the son of the late Bendahara to replace him and gave him the title Seri Melaka Wak Raja (II). However, Sri Wak Raja II took his own life by drinking poison when he mistook the Sultan for being displeased with him. He left behind a daughter, Tun Kudu, and two sons, Tun Perak and Tun Perpatih Putih. According to tradition, either Tun Perak should take over his later father's place. However, the Sultan made his own uncle, Tun Ali the new Bendahara out of gratitude for helping him ascend the throne. Sultan Muzaffar Shah later married Tun Kudu. Meanwhile, Tun Perak, was sent away to Klang and made chieftain there to avoid any political turmoil.

In 1456, during the reign of King Boromo Trilokanat, Siam made plans to attack Malacca by sea. When the Malacca government learned about this plan, it prepared its naval and decided to attack the Siamese in Batu Pahat. The forces were led by Tun Perak and assisted by Tun Hamzah, a warrior called Datuk Bongkok. A fierce battle took place between the two sides, and this became the first military battle of Malacca. However, Malacca had the advantage in terms of skills and knowledge. They successfully drove the Siamese forces to Singapore and forced them back. Malacca's victory in this war has injected new vigor in the strategy to expand its influence in the Malay Archipelago. The victory over Siam also led to political stability and strengthened the reputation of Malacca in Southeast Asia.

Tun Perak's rise in the political arena created tension between him and Tun Ali. Seeing that the feud between these two powerful leaders can lead to disunity among the people of Malacca, Muzaffar decided to level with Tun Ali, who was a middle-aged widower at the time. Tun Ali agreed to step down as Prime Minister provided he be allowed to marry Tun Kudu, who was one of the Sultan's wives. Sultan Muzaffar Shah consented to divorce his wife for the sake of political stability and Tun Kudu also agreed to marry Tun Ali for the well being of the country. The sacrifice of Sultan Muzaffar Shah and Tun Kudu was not in vain. Tun Ali and Tun Perak became close friends and even worked together for the development of Malacca. Soon, Tun Ali himself supported the Sultan's decision to appoint Tun Perak as Prime Minister. Thus, Sultan has appointed Tun Perak as the new bendahara and titled him Paduka Raja around 1456.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Cœdès, George (1968). The Indianized states of Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824803681.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Muzaffar Shah of Malacca
House of Malacca
 Died: 1459
Regnal titles
Preceded by Sultan of Malacca
1446-1459 		Succeeded by
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