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{{Short description|Type of all-terrain vehicle}}
'''Pinzgauer''' is a high mobility all-terrain 4x4 and 6x6 military utility vehicle manufactured in Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom, by [[Automotive Technik]] (ATL). ATL has been manufacturing the Pinzgauer since the year 2000. Before then the Pinzgauer was produced by [[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]] in [[Graz, Austria]].
{{Other uses of|Pinzgauer|Pinzgauer (disambiguation){{!}}Pinzgauer}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name = Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle
| image = Steyr- Puch Pinzgauer Turbo D.png
| image_size = 300
|caption = Pinzgauer Turbo D Version
|origin = [[Austria]]<br />[[United Kingdom]]
|type = [[All-wheel drive]] vehicle
|is_vehicle = yes
<!-- Production history -->
|designer =
|design_date =
|manufacturer = [[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]]: 1971–2000 <br />[[BAE Systems Inc.]] 2000–2007
|unit_cost =
|production_date = 1971–2007
|number =
|variants =
<!-- General specifications -->
|spec_label =
|length =
|width =
|height =
|weight =
|crew = driver, co-driver +8/12 passengers – 710M , driver + 4 passengers 710K (4×4/6×6)
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
|armour =
|primary_armament =
|secondary_armament =
|engine = [[inline-four engine|Inline 4-cylinder]] Steyr-designed [[petrol engine|petrol/gasoline engine]], or [[straight-five engine|inline 5-]] or [[straight-six engine|inline 6-]] cylinder [[diesel engine]]
|engine_power = {{convert|65|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}
|pw_ratio =
|transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<br>4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]] (Pinzgauer II)
|payload_capacity = 2.5&nbsp;[[tonne]]s<ref name=BAE-1>{{cite web|title=Pinzgauer|url=http://www.baesystems.com/ProductsServices/l_and_a_ls_pinzgauer.html|work=BAE Systems|publisher=BAESystems.com|access-date=15 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930221224/http://www.baesystems.com/ProductsServices/l_and_a_ls_pinzgauer.html|archive-date=30 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|suspension = [[Four-wheel drive|4-]] or [[Six-wheel drive|6-wheel drive]]
|clearance =
|fuel_capacity =
|vehicle_range = {{convert|400|km|0|abbr=on}}
|speed = {{nowrap|4×4: {{convert|110|km/h|0|abbr=on}}}} / {{nowrap|6×6: {{convert|100|km/h|0|abbr=on}}}}
|guidance =
|steering =
}}

The '''Pinzgauer''' is a family of high-mobility [[off-road vehicle|all-terrain]] [[four-wheel drive|4WD]] (4×4) and [[six-wheel drive|6WD]] (6×6) military utility vehicles. The vehicle was originally developed in the late 1960s and manufactured by [[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]]<ref name=MI-UK>{{cite web|title=the Volkswagen powered Pinzgauer|url=http://www.mi-uk.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/mobility.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714082545/http://www.mi-uk.com/about/in-action/mobility/mobility.pdf | work=Marshalls Industrial| archive-date=July 14, 2011| publisher=MI-UK.com|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref><ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat>{{cite web|title=What Pinzgauer|url=http://sdp-pinzgauer.org/html/what__pinzgauer_.html|work=SDP-Pinzgauer|publisher=SDP-Pinzgauer.org|access-date=15 November 2009}}</ref> of [[Graz]], [[Austria]], and was named after the [[Pinzgauer cattle|Pinzgauer]], an Austrian breed of cattle. They were most recently manufactured at [[Guildford]] in [[Surrey]], England by [[BAE Systems Land & Armaments]]. It was popular amongst military buyers,<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> and continued in production there throughout the rest of the century.

In 2000 the rights were sold to [[Automotive Technik|Automotive Technik Ltd]] (ATL) in the UK.<ref name=MI-UK/> ATL was acquired by [[Stewart & Stevenson|Stewart & Stevenson Services, Inc.]] in 2005. In May 2006, Stewart & Stevenson became a subsidiary of the aerospace and defence group [[Armor Holdings, Inc.]] In 2007 Armor Holdings was acquired by [[BAE Systems|BAE Systems plc]], who discontinued UK production of the Pinzgauer, which was proving to be vulnerable to mines and [[improvised explosive device]]s in [[Afghanistan]]. Production ceased around 2009. Development work (done in the UK) on a planned Pinzgauer II was evaluated by a BAE subsidiary in [[Benoni, Gauteng]], [[South Africa]] but no vehicle was ever made.

Being both unarmed and unarmoured, the Pinzgauer was designed for mobility and general utility functions rather than combat or reconnaissance roles.


==First generation==
==First generation==
[[File:Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle Front.jpg|thumb|A Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle]]
[[File:Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle Rear.jpg|thumb|A Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle]]
The original [[prototype]] was developed around 1969 and production began in 1971,<ref name=MI-UK/> as successor of the Steyr-Daimler-Puch [[Steyr-Puch Haflinger|Haflinger]] 700 AP 4×4 light military multi purpose offroad vehicle.<ref name=MI-UK/> The Pinzgauer first generation model (710, 712) was produced until 2000 by [[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]] in the city of Graz, Austria.


It was, and is in use in many armies around the world like Austria,<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> Switzerland,<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> United Kingdom,<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Albania, and Bolivia. When Austro-Canadian millionaire [[Frank Stronach]] took over the shareholder majority of Steyr-Daimler-Puch offroad vehicles, the rights to build Steyr's Pinzgauers were moved to Automotive Technik Ltd; and subsequently to a branch of BAE Systems. As of 2009, production of Pinzgauers seems to have stalled. The Graz plant has been building the [[Mercedes-Benz G-Class|Mercedes-Benz G&nbsp;Wagon / Puch&nbsp;G]] SUVs / offroad cars.
[[Image:Pinzgauer 710M.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Pinzgauer 710M First Generation]]
[[Image:Pinzgauer 712M.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Pinzgauer 712M First Generation]]


The Pinzgauer is one of the most capable all-terrain vehicles ever made.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} While not as fast on-road ({{convert|110|km/h|lk=on}}) as an American [[Humvee]], it can carry more troops, and move faster over rough trails.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvYn-GgptGE What the heck is a Pinzgauer? Everything You Ever Wanted to Know ! – The Fast Lane ''Truck'']</ref> Even the smaller 710M can carry 10 people or two [[NATO]] pallets. Both the [[Four-wheel drive|4×4]] and [[Six-wheel drive|6×6]] models can tow {{convert|5000|kg|0|lk=on}} on road; and {{convert|1500|kg|0}} or {{convert|1800|kg|0}}, respectively, off-road. It has a range of over {{convert|400|km|0}} on one tank of fuel, or nearly {{convert|700|km|0}} with the optional 125&nbsp;[[litre]] tank. The first generation Pinzgauer is available in both [[four-wheel drive]] (4×4) (model '''710''') and [[six-wheel drive]] (6×6) (model '''712''') versions.


The Pinzgauer was designed to be reliable and easy to fix; it is shipped with an [[air-cooled engine|air-cooled]] [[petrol engine]] with dual-Zenith 36&nbsp;mm NDIX [[carburetor]]s. The engine in the Pinzgauer was specifically designed for the vehicle; it has more than one oil pump so that the engine will not get starved of oil no matter how the vehicle is oriented.
The original prototype was produced in 1965 and production began in 1971. This first generation model was produced until 1985 by [[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]].


The Pinzgauer has a chassis design which contributes to its high mobility. It has a central tube [[chassis]]<ref name=MI-UK/> with a [[transaxle]] which distributes the weight more evenly, and keeps the [[center of mass|centre of gravity]] as low as possible. The [[differential (mechanics)|differentials]] are all sealed units and require minimal additional lubrication. The Pinzgauer also has [[portal axles]] like the [[Unimog]] to provide extra clearance over obstacles. The 710 4×4 was the more popular variant, but the Pinzgauer was designed to have a very capable 6×6 configuration from the start. The rear suspension on the back of the 6×6 712 is designed to provide maximum traction in the most demanding circumstances along with increasing its towing, load carrying, and off-road abilities.
*18,349 first generation units were produced.


During production from 1971 until 1985, 18,349 first-generation 710s and 712s were produced and sold to both civilian and military customers.
The first generation Pinzgauer is available in both four-wheel-drive (model 710) and six-wheel-drive (model 712) versions.
Body type variants:
*710M 4 wheel soft top
*710T 4 wheel flat top carrier
*710AMB-Y 4 wheel ambulance with 3 doors
*710AMB-S 4 wheel ambulance, with air-portable removable shelter


===Variants===
*712M 6 wheel soft top
====710 model, 4×4====
*712T 6 wheel flat top carrier
[[File:Pinzgauer 710-IMG 4935-40.jpg|thumb|A Pinzgauer 710M 4×4 model]]
*712FW 6 wheel fire truck
{|class="wikitable" border="1"
*712K 6 wheel 5 door station wagon
|-
*712W 6 wheel workshop with air-portable shelter
|M||soft top with rear passenger seats (10 passenger total)
*712DK 6 wheel 4 door crew cab pickup
|-
*712AMB-S 6 wheel ambulance, with air-portable removable shelter
|T||flat bed carrier
|-
|K||5 [[vehicle door|door]] hard top station wagon (5 passenger total)
|-
|AMB-Y||[[ambulance]] with 3 doors
|-
|AMB-S||ambulance with air-portable removable shelter
|}


====712 model, 6×6====
The most common body types are either "K" (hard-topped) or "M" (soft-topped) types.
[[File:PinzLRear02.jpg|thumb|A Pinzgauer 712M 6×6 model]]
{|class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
|M||soft top with rear passenger seats
|-
|T||flat top carrier
|-
|FW||fire truck
|-
|K||5-door station wagon
|-
|W||workshop with air-portable shelter
|-
|DK||4-door crew cab pickup
|-
|AMB-S||[[ambulance]], with air-portable removable shelter
|}


The most common body types are either "K" (hard-topped) or "M" (soft-topped) types.
All the first generation Pinzgauers are equiped with:
* 2.5L air-cooled four cylinder engine
** Power: 87/64 hp/Kw
** Torque: 180/18 Nm/mkp
* 5 Speed Manual Transmission With Two Speed Transfer Case
* 4 or 6 Wheel Drive With On The Fly Hydralic Differential Locks
* Fully Independent Suspension
* Backbone Chassis Tube
* Integrated Differentials
* 24 Volt Electrical System
* Portal Axles To Give Extra Clearance


===Specifications===
A very popular idea in North America is to import military surplus Pinzgauers for civilian use. Any Pinzgauer can be imported, but due to the high cost and not being street legal the second generation Pinzgauers are very rarely imported. But military surplus first generation Pinzgauers are often imported because they are much cheaper and can be certified for street use if they are more then 25 years old. These trucks are popular with off-roaders due to their low cost and their very high off-roading ability.
All the first generation Pinzgauers are equipped with:
* 2.5&nbsp;[[litre]] [[inline-four engine|inline four-cylinder]] [[air-cooled engine]]. An exception was made on certain 712 variants towards the end of production that came with a 2.7-litre air-cooled four-cylinder engine. This was primarily on ambulances.
** [[DIN]] rated motive [[power (physics)|power]]: {{convert|65|kW|PS bhp|0|lk=on}} (105&nbsp;hp SAE)
** [[Torque]]: {{convert|180|Nm|0|lk=on}}
* Five-speed [[manual transmission]] with two-speed [[transfer case]]
* [[four-wheel-drive]] or [[six-wheel-drive]] with on-the-fly [[hydraulic]] [[differential (mechanics)|differential]] locks
* [[independent suspension|Fully independent suspension]]
* Backbone [[chassis]] tube<ref name=MI-UK/>
* Integrated differentials
* 24 volt electrical system
* Vacuum assisted drum brakes
* Portal axles to give extra clearance


==Second generation==
==Second generation==
[[File:Pinzgauer 718K Front.jpg|thumb|A Pinzgauer 718K|alt=Green 6-wheeled Pinzgauer 718K]]


In 1980, [[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]] started development on a second generation Pinzgauer. After six years of [[research and development]], the initial second generation Pinzgauer II rolled off the [[assembly line]] in 1986. In 2000, [[Magna International|Magna]], who bought [[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]], sold its rights to the Pinzgauer to [[Automotive Technik]] in the UK who took over production of the Pinzgauer.<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> The Pinzgauer is now owned and produced by [[BAE Systems Land Systems]] in Guildford, Surrey,<ref name=BAE-1/><ref name=BAE-2>{{cite web|title=Pinzgauer II|url=http://www.baesystems.com/ProductsServices/bae_prod_land_pinzgauer_ii.html|work=BAE Systems|publisher=BAESystems.com|access-date=15 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102061319/http://baesystems.com/ProductsServices/bae_prod_land_pinzgauer_ii.html|archive-date=2 January 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> however production has ceased.
[[Image:Pinzgauer 716M.JPG|thumb|240px|right|Pinzgauer 716M Second Generation]]
[[Image:Pinzgauer 718M.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Pinzgauer 718M Second Generation]]


The [[four-wheel drive]] (4×4) model is now called a '''716''',<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> and the [[six-wheel drive]] (6×6) model<ref name=BAE-2/> is now called a '''718'''.<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> The same letter body type designations apply. The new 716 has the same payload rating as the old 712, and the new 718 also has a similarly higher payload capacity.
The second generation Pinzgauer started production in 1986 and is still being produced till this day(Aug 2004). In the year 2000 [[Automotive Technik]] (ATL) took over production of the Pinzgauer from [[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]].


There were a few minor changes to the design of the Pinzgauer II:
The four-wheel-drive Model is now called a "716" and the six-wheel-drive Model is now called a "718". The same letter body type designations apply.
* [[straight-six engine|Inline six-cylinder]] [[Volkswagen Group]] [[Turbocharged]] [[diesel engine]] model [[D24T]]
* [[ZF Friedrichshafen]] four-speed [[automatic transmission]], or five-speed [[manual transmission]]<ref name=MI-UK/>
* Slightly wider track
* Slightly bigger [[tire|tyres]]
* [[Disc brake]]s
* Standard [[automatic transmission]], with optional [[manual transmission]]


The second generation [[motor vehicle]] went through several minor revisions through its life, unlike the first generation which used the same design throughout production. The first second-generation Pinzgauers were designated '''P80''' (1980). It went through a minor revision in 1990 ('''P90'''), and 1993 ('''P93'''), when an intercooler version of the VW engine ([[D24TIC]]) was substituted. A more significant engine change was carried out in 2002 when a new [[Volkswagen Group]] [[Turbocharged Direct Injection]] (TDI) engine<ref name=MI-UK/> was introduced to meet the new Euro3 [[exhaust gas|emissions]] requirements.<ref name=MI-UK/>
Their were a few minor changes to the design of the Pnizgauer:
* Inline 6 cylinder VW Turbo Diesel Engine
* Slightly Wider track
* Slightly Bigger Tires
* Disk Brakes
* Optional Automatic Transmission


==Worldwide markets==
The Pinzgauer is used quite widely in the United Kingdom as a fire engine in smaller towns and villages and is increasingly replacing the [[Land Rover]] Defender in the military utility vehicle role despite its high cost of upwards of US$ 100,000 per unit.
[[File:Pinzgauer Vector.jpg|thumb|A British Army Pinzgauer Vector]]
[[File:Pinzgauer Bergwacht Mittenwald (cropped).JPG|thumb|A Pinzgauer of the [[Bergwacht]] (Mountain Rescue) in [[Mittenwald]] in the Bavarian [[Alps]], which is rarely used for this purpose in [[Germany]]]]
The Pinzgauer (or Pinz as it is known to most British soldiers) is more common as a utility vehicle in [[Royal Artillery]] units due to its employment as a light gun tractor.


A new lightly-armoured version called the "Vector" briefly entered service in the [[British Army]] in early 2007, as part of an effort to provide safer patrol vehicles for troops in [[Afghanistan]]. The 6×6 Vector PPV (Protected Patrol Vehicle) would, according to the manufacturer, "Build on the existing proven design, with enhancements that will include a combination of physical protection, as well as the use of sophisticated electronic counter measures to maximise survivability while on patrol". However, the Vector PPV was found to have unreliable suspension and wheel hubs as well as poor protection against [[improvised explosive device]]s. It quickly lost the confidence of field commanders and was withdrawn from service.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/defence/5319165/Troops-in-Afghanistan-face-delays-getting-vital-equipment-says-NAO.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810095724/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/defence/5319165/Troops-in-Afghanistan-face-delays-getting-vital-equipment-says-NAO.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 August 2010 |title=Troops in Afghanistan face delays getting vital equipment, says NAO |access-date=2010-02-18 |date=14 May 2009 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref>
Though most Pinzgauers were sold to military forces (initially Austrian and Swiss) they are some few civilian versions. Typical military roles are as a troop carrier, ambulance, gun tractor.


The Pinzgauer is the basis for the Tactical Ground Station (TGS) element of the Raytheon Systems Limited Airborne Standoff Radar (ASTOR). The TGS comprises two workstation vehicles, a mission support vehicle, and a standard utility vehicle.
Similar-purposed vehicles include the Germany's [[Daimler-Benz]] [[Unimog]] trucks, British [[Land Rover]]s, and the United States [[HMMWV]] "Hummer".


Many Pinzgauers were sold to military forces (initially [[Austria]]n<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> and Swiss<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/>) to be used as non-tactical utility vehicles. Typical military roles are as general-purpose utility truck, command vehicles, troop carrier, [[ambulance]], and tow vehicle. Roles very similar to other civilian sourced vehicles like Land Rover in the UK, the Blazer CUCV in the US, and the Mercedes G in many European countries.
==Pinzgauer capabilities==


Yugoslavia bought 3975 Pinzgauers from 1971 in all variants 4x4 and 6x6.<ref name="Yugoslavia">{{cite web |title=Pinzgauer – Page |url=http://www.paluba.info/smf/index.php?topic=9459.0 |website=www.paluba.info |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
The Pinzgauer is a remarkable offroad vehicle. Its capabilities can even exceed that of the [[HMMWV]] ([[Hummer]]) and vastly exceeds the [[Jeep]].


The [[New Zealand Army]]<ref name=MI-UK/> has purchased 321 Pinzgauer vehicles in 8 variants to fulfill the Light Operational Vehicle (LOV) role.
* 45-Degree Approach Angle

* 45-Degree Departure Angle
The [[Malaysian Army]] purchased 168 2 Ton 4×4 716 Gun Tractors and 164 2 Ton 6×6 718 Mortar Transporters to replace older [[Volvo C303]] and [[Volvo C303#Variants|C304]] in their inventories. It is affectionately called "Piglet" due to its design.
* 100% slope or till tires lose traction

* 700mm fording depth
The US Army purchased 20 Turbo Diesel 718M during the early 1990s, imported for the Army’s Delta Force as a deep reconnaissance platform. They were used in the 1991 [[Gulf War]] as well as the 2003 [[Iraq War|Iraq war]], and eventually phased out at 2010–2011.
* 1000 kg of Payload

* 16 inches of clearance (lowest point when fully loaded)
The Pinzgauer was marketed to the civilian marketplace worldwide for use as campers, farm trucks, ambulances,<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> fire-trucks,<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> and rescue vehicles.<ref name=SDP-PinzgauerWhat/> Likewise, many ended up being used as tourist vans due to their large passenger capacity and stable, reliable platform.
* 90 km/h top speed

* Full engine power available at 4 km/h
Pinzgauers have been used as tourist transports in Africa, Australia, South America, Hawaii, and other exotic locales. Some are still in use today. Pinzgauers were marketed to- and used extensively by energy companies for oil exploration purposes. A few Pinzgauers were used for off-road racing, including the famous Paris to Dakar Rally and the International Rainforest Challenge in Malaysia.

==Military users==
[[File:Pinzgauer&Trailer.JPG|thumb|right|A Pinzgauer of the British Army]]
[[File:Pinzgauer VS 204vbr vatrogasci.jpg|thumb|A Pinzgauer fire engine of the [[Serbian Air Force]] [[204th Air Brigade]] Fire department at [[Batajnica Air Base]].]]
Military users include:
* {{ARG}}
* {{AUT}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=727}}
* {{BOL}}
* {{CRO}}
* {{CYP}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=338}}
* {{SWZ}}
* {{GHA}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=729}}
* {{JOR}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=338}}
* {{LBN}}
* {{LIT}}
* {{MYS}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=338}}
* {{MNE}}
* {{NZL}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Pinzgauer Light Operational Vehicles|url=http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/news/articles/2004/10/1005-lov.html|website=New Zealand Defence Force|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215223508/http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/news/articles/2004/10/1005-lov.html|archive-date=15 December 2004|date=October 2004}}</ref>
* {{NGA}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=731}}
* {{MKD}}
* {{OMN}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=732}}
* {{PAK}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=338}}
* {{SAU}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=338}}
* {{SRB}}
* {{SEY}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=338}}
* {{SUD}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=733}}
* {{CHE}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=733}}
* {{THA}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=338}}
* {{TUN}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=734}}
* {{GBR}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=734}}<ref name=MI-UK/>
* {{USA}}{{sfn|Foss|Gander|1999|page=338}}
* {{UKR}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wharton |first1=James |title=The Army vehicles being given new roles as Ukrainian ambulances |url=https://www.forces.net/ukraine/army-vehicles-being-given-new-roles-ukrainian-ambulances |website=Forces Network |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Українські військові отримали автомобілі Pinzgauer |url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/ukrayinski-vijskovi-otrymaly-avtomobili-pinzgauer/ |website=Мілітарний |language=uk}}</ref> &nbsp;– Pinzgauer Vector: at least 3 armored ambulances and at least 8 APCs as of June 2022
* {{VEN}}

===Former users===
* {{YUG}}<ref name="Yugoslavia" />

==Pinzgauer capabilities==
[[File:Pinzgauer 710-IMG 4946.JPG|thumb|A Pinzgauer cockpit]]
The Pinzgauer is a highly accomplished [[off-road vehicle]]. Its capabilities, in some operational scenarios, are better than that of the [[Humvee]] and the [[Land Rover Defender]].
* 38°/45° [[approach and departure angles]]
* 100% slope, or until [[tire|tyres]] lose traction
* {{convert|700|mm|1}} fording depth
* {{convert|335|mm|1}} of ground clearance (lowest point when fully loaded)
* Can climb down a {{convert|360|mm|1}} wall
* 43.5° side-slope
* 1000/1500&nbsp;kg of [[cargo|payload]] (4×4/6×6)
* top [[speed]]
** (710 – 4×4): {{convert|110|km/h|0}}
** (712 – 6×6): {{convert|100|km/h|0}}
** (716 – 4×4): {{convert|125|km/h|0}}
** (718 – 6×6): {{convert|115|km/h|0}}
* Full engine power available for 710/712 at {{convert|4|km/h|0}}
* M body type carries 10 people (4×4), 14 people (6×6)


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Haflinger]]
* [[Steyr-Puch Haflinger]]
*[[Unimog]]
* [[Humvee]] (HMMWV)
*[[Land Rover]]
* [[Jeep]]
*[[HMMWV]]
* [[Land Rover Wolf]]
* [[Land Rover 101 Forward Control]]
*[[Hummer]]
* [[Mercedes-Benz G-Class]]
*[[Jeep]]
* [[Toyota Mega Cruiser]]
* [[Toyota Type 73 medium truck]]
* [[UAZ-469]]
* [[Unimog]]
* [[Volvo C303]]

==Bibliography==

*{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F. |editor2-last=Gander |editor2-first=Terry J. |editor1-link=Christopher F. Foss |title=Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics, 1999-2000 |date=1999 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-1912-9 |edition=20th |language=en}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.pinzgauer.uk.com Pinzgauer UK site]
{{Commons category|Steyr-Puch Pinzgauer}}
* [https://www.rheinmetall-defence.com/en/rheinmetall_defence/systems_and_products/vehicle_systems/armoured_wheeled_vehicles/pinzgauer/index.php Official website]
*[http://users.bigpond.net.au/profpinz/pinnyinfo/pinny/pinny_f1.htm Detailed Pinzgauer Information Site]
*[http://sdp-pinzgauer.org/ Pinzgauer Technical Information Site]
* [http://www.pinzgauer.fr The official website of the Pinzgauer's French-speaking users] (Multilingual)
* [http://www.baesystems.co.uk/ProductsServices/l_and_a_ls_pinzgauer.html BAE Systems] official site
*[http://real4x4forums.com/PinzgauerBBS/index.php Pinzgauer BBS]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040828231508/http://www.sdp-pinzgauer.org/ Steyr-Daimler-Puch Pinzgauer technical information site]
* [http://real4x4forums.com/PinzgauerBBS/index.php Pinzgauer BBS]
* [http://pinzgauer.haflinger-4wd.com/ C. Kieslings Pinzgauer Site]
* [http://www.army.mil.nz/our-capability/operational-vehicles/nz-light-operational-vehicle.htm Pinzgauer in the New Zealand Army]

[[Category:Military trucks]]
[[Category:Cab over off-road vehicles]]
[[Category:Road vehicles manufactured in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military vehicles of Austria]]
[[Category:Steyr-Puch vehicles]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s]]

Latest revision as of 03:49, 13 August 2024

For other uses of "Pinzgauer", see Pinzgauer.

Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle
Pinzgauer Turbo D Version
TypeAll-wheel drive vehicle
Place of originAustria
United Kingdom
Production history
ManufacturerSteyr-Daimler-Puch: 1971–2000
BAE Systems Inc. 2000–2007
Produced1971–2007
Specifications
Crewdriver, co-driver +8/12 passengers – 710M , driver + 4 passengers 710K (4×4/6×6)
EngineInline 4-cylinder Steyr-designed petrol/gasoline engine, or inline 5- or inline 6- cylinder diesel engine
65 kW (88 PS; 87 bhp)
Payload capacity2.5 tonnes[1]
Transmission5-speed manual
4-speed automatic (Pinzgauer II)
Suspension4- or 6-wheel drive
Operational
range
400 km (249 mi)
Maximum speed 4×4: 110 km/h (68 mph) / 6×6: 100 km/h (62 mph)

The Pinzgauer is a family of high-mobility all-terrain 4WD (4×4) and 6WD (6×6) military utility vehicles. The vehicle was originally developed in the late 1960s and manufactured by Steyr-Daimler-Puch[2][3] of Graz, Austria, and was named after the Pinzgauer, an Austrian breed of cattle. They were most recently manufactured at Guildford in Surrey, England by BAE Systems Land & Armaments. It was popular amongst military buyers,[3] and continued in production there throughout the rest of the century.

In 2000 the rights were sold to Automotive Technik Ltd (ATL) in the UK.[2] ATL was acquired by Stewart & Stevenson Services, Inc. in 2005. In May 2006, Stewart & Stevenson became a subsidiary of the aerospace and defence group Armor Holdings, Inc. In 2007 Armor Holdings was acquired by BAE Systems plc, who discontinued UK production of the Pinzgauer, which was proving to be vulnerable to mines and improvised explosive devices in Afghanistan. Production ceased around 2009. Development work (done in the UK) on a planned Pinzgauer II was evaluated by a BAE subsidiary in Benoni, Gauteng, South Africa but no vehicle was ever made.

Being both unarmed and unarmoured, the Pinzgauer was designed for mobility and general utility functions rather than combat or reconnaissance roles.

First generation

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A Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle
A Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle

The original prototype was developed around 1969 and production began in 1971,[2] as successor of the Steyr-Daimler-Puch Haflinger 700 AP 4×4 light military multi purpose offroad vehicle.[2] The Pinzgauer first generation model (710, 712) was produced until 2000 by Steyr-Daimler-Puch in the city of Graz, Austria.

It was, and is in use in many armies around the world like Austria,[3] Switzerland,[3] United Kingdom,[3] Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Albania, and Bolivia. When Austro-Canadian millionaire Frank Stronach took over the shareholder majority of Steyr-Daimler-Puch offroad vehicles, the rights to build Steyr's Pinzgauers were moved to Automotive Technik Ltd; and subsequently to a branch of BAE Systems. As of 2009, production of Pinzgauers seems to have stalled. The Graz plant has been building the Mercedes-Benz G Wagon / Puch G SUVs / offroad cars.

The Pinzgauer is one of the most capable all-terrain vehicles ever made.[citation needed] While not as fast on-road (110 kilometres per hour (68 mph)) as an American Humvee, it can carry more troops, and move faster over rough trails.[4] Even the smaller 710M can carry 10 people or two NATO pallets. Both the 4×4 and 6×6 models can tow 5,000 kilograms (11,023 lb) on road; and 1,500 kilograms (3,307 lb) or 1,800 kilograms (3,968 lb), respectively, off-road. It has a range of over 400 kilometres (249 mi) on one tank of fuel, or nearly 700 kilometres (435 mi) with the optional 125 litre tank. The first generation Pinzgauer is available in both four-wheel drive (4×4) (model 710) and six-wheel drive (6×6) (model 712) versions.

The Pinzgauer was designed to be reliable and easy to fix; it is shipped with an air-cooled petrol engine with dual-Zenith 36 mm NDIX carburetors. The engine in the Pinzgauer was specifically designed for the vehicle; it has more than one oil pump so that the engine will not get starved of oil no matter how the vehicle is oriented.

The Pinzgauer has a chassis design which contributes to its high mobility. It has a central tube chassis[2] with a transaxle which distributes the weight more evenly, and keeps the centre of gravity as low as possible. The differentials are all sealed units and require minimal additional lubrication. The Pinzgauer also has portal axles like the Unimog to provide extra clearance over obstacles. The 710 4×4 was the more popular variant, but the Pinzgauer was designed to have a very capable 6×6 configuration from the start. The rear suspension on the back of the 6×6 712 is designed to provide maximum traction in the most demanding circumstances along with increasing its towing, load carrying, and off-road abilities.

During production from 1971 until 1985, 18,349 first-generation 710s and 712s were produced and sold to both civilian and military customers.

Variants

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710 model, 4×4

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A Pinzgauer 710M 4×4 model
M soft top with rear passenger seats (10 passenger total)
T flat bed carrier
K 5 door hard top station wagon (5 passenger total)
AMB-Y ambulance with 3 doors
AMB-S ambulance with air-portable removable shelter

712 model, 6×6

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A Pinzgauer 712M 6×6 model
M soft top with rear passenger seats
T flat top carrier
FW fire truck
K 5-door station wagon
W workshop with air-portable shelter
DK 4-door crew cab pickup
AMB-S ambulance, with air-portable removable shelter

The most common body types are either "K" (hard-topped) or "M" (soft-topped) types.

Specifications

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All the first generation Pinzgauers are equipped with:

Second generation

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Green 6-wheeled Pinzgauer 718K
A Pinzgauer 718K

In 1980, Steyr-Daimler-Puch started development on a second generation Pinzgauer. After six years of research and development, the initial second generation Pinzgauer II rolled off the assembly line in 1986. In 2000, Magna, who bought Steyr-Daimler-Puch, sold its rights to the Pinzgauer to Automotive Technik in the UK who took over production of the Pinzgauer.[3] The Pinzgauer is now owned and produced by BAE Systems Land Systems in Guildford, Surrey,[1][5] however production has ceased.

The four-wheel drive (4×4) model is now called a 716,[3] and the six-wheel drive (6×6) model[5] is now called a 718.[3] The same letter body type designations apply. The new 716 has the same payload rating as the old 712, and the new 718 also has a similarly higher payload capacity.

There were a few minor changes to the design of the Pinzgauer II:

The second generation motor vehicle went through several minor revisions through its life, unlike the first generation which used the same design throughout production. The first second-generation Pinzgauers were designated P80 (1980). It went through a minor revision in 1990 (P90), and 1993 (P93), when an intercooler version of the VW engine (D24TIC) was substituted. A more significant engine change was carried out in 2002 when a new Volkswagen Group Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) engine[2] was introduced to meet the new Euro3 emissions requirements.[2]

Worldwide markets

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A British Army Pinzgauer Vector
A Pinzgauer of the Bergwacht (Mountain Rescue) in Mittenwald in the Bavarian Alps, which is rarely used for this purpose in Germany

The Pinzgauer (or Pinz as it is known to most British soldiers) is more common as a utility vehicle in Royal Artillery units due to its employment as a light gun tractor.

A new lightly-armoured version called the "Vector" briefly entered service in the British Army in early 2007, as part of an effort to provide safer patrol vehicles for troops in Afghanistan. The 6×6 Vector PPV (Protected Patrol Vehicle) would, according to the manufacturer, "Build on the existing proven design, with enhancements that will include a combination of physical protection, as well as the use of sophisticated electronic counter measures to maximise survivability while on patrol". However, the Vector PPV was found to have unreliable suspension and wheel hubs as well as poor protection against improvised explosive devices. It quickly lost the confidence of field commanders and was withdrawn from service.[6]

The Pinzgauer is the basis for the Tactical Ground Station (TGS) element of the Raytheon Systems Limited Airborne Standoff Radar (ASTOR). The TGS comprises two workstation vehicles, a mission support vehicle, and a standard utility vehicle.

Many Pinzgauers were sold to military forces (initially Austrian[3] and Swiss[3]) to be used as non-tactical utility vehicles. Typical military roles are as general-purpose utility truck, command vehicles, troop carrier, ambulance, and tow vehicle. Roles very similar to other civilian sourced vehicles like Land Rover in the UK, the Blazer CUCV in the US, and the Mercedes G in many European countries.

Yugoslavia bought 3975 Pinzgauers from 1971 in all variants 4x4 and 6x6.[7]

The New Zealand Army[2] has purchased 321 Pinzgauer vehicles in 8 variants to fulfill the Light Operational Vehicle (LOV) role.

The Malaysian Army purchased 168 2 Ton 4×4 716 Gun Tractors and 164 2 Ton 6×6 718 Mortar Transporters to replace older Volvo C303 and C304 in their inventories. It is affectionately called "Piglet" due to its design.

The US Army purchased 20 Turbo Diesel 718M during the early 1990s, imported for the Army’s Delta Force as a deep reconnaissance platform. They were used in the 1991 Gulf War as well as the 2003 Iraq war, and eventually phased out at 2010–2011.

The Pinzgauer was marketed to the civilian marketplace worldwide for use as campers, farm trucks, ambulances,[3] fire-trucks,[3] and rescue vehicles.[3] Likewise, many ended up being used as tourist vans due to their large passenger capacity and stable, reliable platform.

Pinzgauers have been used as tourist transports in Africa, Australia, South America, Hawaii, and other exotic locales. Some are still in use today. Pinzgauers were marketed to- and used extensively by energy companies for oil exploration purposes. A few Pinzgauers were used for off-road racing, including the famous Paris to Dakar Rally and the International Rainforest Challenge in Malaysia.

Military users

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A Pinzgauer of the British Army
A Pinzgauer fire engine of the Serbian Air Force 204th Air Brigade Fire department at Batajnica Air Base.

Military users include:

Former users

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Pinzgauer capabilities

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A Pinzgauer cockpit

The Pinzgauer is a highly accomplished off-road vehicle. Its capabilities, in some operational scenarios, are better than that of the Humvee and the Land Rover Defender.

  • 38°/45° approach and departure angles
  • 100% slope, or until tyres lose traction
  • 700 millimetres (27.6 in) fording depth
  • 335 millimetres (13.2 in) of ground clearance (lowest point when fully loaded)
  • Can climb down a 360 millimetres (14.2 in) wall
  • 43.5° side-slope
  • 1000/1500 kg of payload (4×4/6×6)
  • top speed
    • (710 – 4×4): 110 kilometres per hour (68 mph)
    • (712 – 6×6): 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph)
    • (716 – 4×4): 125 kilometres per hour (78 mph)
    • (718 – 6×6): 115 kilometres per hour (71 mph)
  • Full engine power available for 710/712 at 4 kilometres per hour (2 mph)
  • M body type carries 10 people (4×4), 14 people (6×6)

See also

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Bibliography

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  • Foss, Christopher F.; Gander, Terry J., eds. (1999). Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics, 1999-2000 (20th ed.). Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-1912-9.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Pinzgauer". BAE Systems. BAESystems.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "the Volkswagen powered Pinzgauer" (PDF). Marshalls Industrial. MI-UK.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "What Pinzgauer". SDP-Pinzgauer. SDP-Pinzgauer.org. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  4. ^ What the heck is a Pinzgauer? Everything You Ever Wanted to Know ! – The Fast Lane Truck
  5. ^ a b "Pinzgauer II". BAE Systems. BAESystems.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  6. ^ "Troops in Afghanistan face delays getting vital equipment, says NAO". The Daily Telegraph. 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 10 August 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  7. ^ a b "Pinzgauer – Page". www.paluba.info. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  8. ^ Foss & Gander 1999, p. 727.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Foss & Gander 1999, p. 338.
  10. ^ Foss & Gander 1999, p. 729.
  11. ^ "Pinzgauer Light Operational Vehicles". New Zealand Defence Force. October 2004. Archived from the original on 15 December 2004.
  12. ^ Foss & Gander 1999, p. 731.
  13. ^ Foss & Gander 1999, p. 732.
  14. ^ a b Foss & Gander 1999, p. 733.
  15. ^ a b Foss & Gander 1999, p. 734.
  16. ^ Wharton, James. "The Army vehicles being given new roles as Ukrainian ambulances". Forces Network.
  17. ^ "Українські військові отримали автомобілі Pinzgauer". Мілітарний (in Ukrainian).
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