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{{Short description|Japanese politician (1925–2018)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Hiromu Nonaka
| name = Hiromu Nonaka
Line 16: Line 17:
| termstart2 = January 14, 1999
| termstart2 = January 14, 1999
| successor2 = [[Mikio Aoki]]
| successor2 = [[Mikio Aoki]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1925|10|20}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|10|20}}
| birth_place = [[Sonobe, Kyoto]]
| birth_place = [[Sonobe, Kyoto|Sonobe]], [[Kyoto Prefecture|Kyoto]], [[Japan]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|1|26 |1925|10|20 |mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto]], Japan
| office3 = [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]]
| office3 = [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]]
| termstart3 = October 5, 1999
| termstart3 = October 5, 1998
| termend3 = July 30, 1998
| termend3 = July 30, 1999
| primeminister3 = [[Keizo Obuchi]]
| primeminister3 = [[Keizo Obuchi]]
| predecessor3 = [[Kanezo Muraoka]]
| predecessor3 = [[Kanezo Muraoka]]
Line 28: Line 31:
| termstart4 = June 30, 1994
| termstart4 = June 30, 1994
| termend4 = August 8, 1995
| termend4 = August 8, 1995
| predecessor4 = [[Hajime Ishii]]
| predecessor4 = [[Hajime Ishii (politician)|Hajime Ishii]]
| successor4 = [[Takashi Fukaya]]
| successor4 = [[Takashi Fukaya]]
| party = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]]
| party = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]]
}}
}}


{{nihongo|'''Hiromu Nonaka'''|野中 廣務|Nonaka Hiromu|extra=born October 20, 1925}} is a Japanese [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|LDP]] politician. He served as a local politician from 1951 to 1978 and in the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] from 1983 to 2003, becoming one of its most prominent members in the 1990s. He served as Minister of Home Affairs and Head of the National Public Safety Commission from 1994 to 1995, as [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]] from 1998 to 1999, and as Head of the Okinawa Development Agency in 1999.
{{nihongo|'''Hiromu Nonaka'''|野中 廣務|Nonaka Hiromu|extra= 20 October 1925 – 26 January 2018}} was a Japanese politician of the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]].

Nonaka served as a local politician in [[Kyoto Prefecture]] from 1951 to 1978 and in the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] from 1983 to 2003, becoming one of its most prominent members in the 1990s. Nonaka served as [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan)|Minister of Home Affairs]] and Head of the [[National Public Safety Commission (Japan)|National Public Safety Commission]] from 1994 to 1995, as [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]] from 1998 to 1999, and as Head of the Okinawa Development Agency in 1999. Nonaka was widely considered as a voice of reason within the Liberal Democratic Party and viewed by some as the most powerful person in Japan during the mid-to-late 1990s.


== Early life and local political career ==
== Early life and local political career ==
Nonaka was born in the town of [[Sonobe, Kyoto|Sonobe]] (now part of the city of [[Nantan, Kyoto|Nantan]]) in central [[Kyoto Prefecture]]. After graduating high school in 1943, he worked for the [[Japanese National Railways]] in [[Osaka]], an office managed at the time by future prime minister [[Eisaku Satō|Eisaku Sato]].
Hiromu Nonaka was born on 20 October 1925 in [[Sonobe, Kyoto|Sonobe]], [[Kyoto Prefecture]] (now part of the city of [[Nantan, Kyoto|Nantan]]) into a family of ''[[burakumin]]'' background. After graduating from Kyoto Prefectural Sonobe Junior High School in 1943, Nonaka worked for the [[Japanese National Railways]] (JNR) in [[Osaka]], an office managed at the time by future prime minister [[Eisaku Satō|Eisaku Sato]].


Nonaka encountered discrimination in his youth as a member of the ''[[burakumin]]'' group; he later said this discrimination was a factor in his decision to leave JNR and enter politics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1999/apr/17/news/mn-28243|title=Japan's Cabinet Secretary Wields Power on His Own Terms|last=REITMAN|first=VALERIE|date=1999-04-17|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> He entered local politics in Sonobe, where he served as a member of the local assembly from 1951 to 1958, and as mayor from 1958 to 1966. He then won a seat in the Kyoto prefectural assembly and served from 1967 to 1978.
Nonaka encountered discrimination in his youth as a member of the ''burakumin'' group, and later said this discrimination was a factor in his decision to leave JNR and enter politics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-17-mn-28243-story.html|title=Japan's Cabinet Secretary Wields Power on His Own Terms|last=REITMAN|first=VALERIE|date=1999-04-17|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> Nonaka entered local politics in Sonobe, where he served as a member of the local assembly from 1951 to 1958, and as mayor from 1958 to 1966. Nonaka then won a seat in the [[Kyoto Prefectural Assembly]] and served from 1967 to 1978. Nonaka briefly served as vice-governor of Kyoto Prefecture in 1978, but resigned to establish and serve as the chairman of Japan's first care facility for individuals with profound physical disabilities.

He briefly served as vice-governor of Kyoto in 1978, but resigned to establish and serve as the chairman of Japan's first care facility for individuals with profound physical disabilities.


== Diet career ==
== Diet career ==
Nonaka entered the House of Representatives through the [[Kyoto 2nd district (1947–93)|Kyoto 2nd district]] by-election of 1983, in which two seats were open following the death of incumbent representatives Shigesaburo Maeo and Sen'ichi Tanigaki. Tanigaki's son [[Sadakazu Tanigaki]] won the most votes in the election, followed by Nonaka.
Nonaka entered the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] through the [[Kyoto 2nd district (1947–93)|Kyoto 2nd district]] by-election of 1983, in which two seats were open following the death of incumbent representatives Senichi Tanigaki and Shigesaburo Maeo. Tanigaki's son [[Sadakazu Tanigaki]] won the most votes in the election, followed by Nonaka.


In the 1980s, Nonaka was part of the House faction headed by [[Noboru Takeshita]]. He rose to prominence following the [[Recruit scandal]], which led to the collapse of the Takeshita faction, and the [[Japanese general election, 1993|1993 general election]], in which the LDP entered the opposition for the first time in decades. As few LDP Diet members had experience being part of the opposition, Nonaka drew on his experience as part of the local and prefectural assembly opposition in Kyoto to become one of the most prominent Diet critics of the [[Morihiro Hosokawa|Hosokawa government]].[[File:Murayama Government 19940630.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Hiromu Nonaka was inaugurated as Minister of State on June 30, 1994.]]Following the collapse of the Hosokawa-led coalition in 1994, Nonaka entered the Cabinet for the first time as part of the [[Tomiichi Murayama|Murayama government]]. He served as Home Minister through the [[Tokyo subway sarin attack]] of 1995, and drew attention for his personal apology to a suspect falsely accused of poisoning his wife and neighbors with sarin.<ref name=":0" />
In the 1980s, Nonaka was part of the House faction headed by Prime Minister [[Noboru Takeshita]] of the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] (LDP). In 1988, Nonaka rose to prominence following the [[Recruit scandal]], which led to the collapse of the Takeshita's faction. The [[1993 Japanese general election|1993 general election]] saw the LDP enter the opposition in Japan for the first time in decades. As few LDP Diet members had experience being part of the opposition, Nonaka drew on his experience as part of the local and prefectural assembly opposition in Kyoto to become one of the most prominent Diet critics of the government of [[Morihiro Hosokawa]].{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}[[File:Tomiichi Murayama Cabinet 19940630.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Hiromu Nonaka was inaugurated as Minister of State on June 30, 1994.]] Following the collapse of the Hosokawa-led coalition in 1994, Nonaka entered the [[Cabinet of Japan|Cabinet]] for the first time as part of the government of [[Tomiichi Murayama]].


Nonaka served as [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan)|Minister of Home Affairs]] through the [[Tokyo subway sarin attack]] of 1995, and drew attention for his personal apology to a [[suspect]] falsely accused of poisoning his wife and neighbors with [[sarin]].<ref name=":0" />
At the request of Prime Minister [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]], he travelled to China in 1998 to express remorse to victims of the [[Nanking Massacre|Nanjing massacre]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1998/may/12/news/mn-48915|title=Japanese Right Praises Film on WWII Leader|last=EFRON|first=SONNI|date=1998-05-12|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> Later that year, in response to a demand for further apologies by Chinese premier [[Jiang Zemin]], Nonaka described the issue as a "finished problem."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/30/world/burying-the-past-war-guilt-haunts-japan.html|title=Burying the Past: War Guilt Haunts Japan|last=Kristof|first=Nicholas D.|date=1998-11-30|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


He was named Chief Cabinet Secretary under Prime Minister [[Keizō Obuchi|Obuchi]] in 1998. He wielded an unusual amount of power in this role, and was viewed by many insiders as a shadow leader of the government, arranging a major bank bailout plan and bringing the faction led by [[Ichirō Ozawa|Ichiro Ozawa]] into the governing coalition.<ref name=":0" /> A ''TIME'' article in December 1998 called Nonaka "Japan's most powerful man."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2053971,00.html|title=Japan's Most Powerful Man|last=MACINTYRE|first=DONALD|date=1998-12-21|work=Time|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0040-781X}}</ref>
In 1998, at the request of Prime Minister [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]], Nonaka travelled to [[China]] to express remorse to victims of the [[Nanking Massacre|Nanjing massacre]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-12-mn-48915-story.html|title=Japanese Right Praises Film on WWII Leader|last=EFRON|first=SONNI|date=1998-05-12|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> Later that year, in response to a demand for further apologies by [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]] [[Jiang Zemin]], Nonaka described the issue as a "finished problem."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/30/world/burying-the-past-war-guilt-haunts-japan.html|title=Burying the Past: War Guilt Haunts Japan|last=Kristof|first=Nicholas D.|date=1998-11-30|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


In 1998, Nonaka was named [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]] under Prime Minister [[Keizō Obuchi]], where he wielded an unusual amount of power in this role. Nonaka was viewed by many insiders as a shadow leader of the government, arranging a major bank bailout plan and bringing the faction led by [[Ichirō Ozawa|Ichiro Ozawa]] into the governing coalition.<ref name=":0" /> A ''TIME'' article in December 1998 called Nonaka "Japan's most powerful man."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2053971,00.html|title=Japan's Most Powerful Man|last=MACINTYRE|first=DONALD|date=1998-12-21|work=Time|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0040-781X}}</ref>
⚫
As LDP secretary-general, he played a key role in defeating a no-confidence motion against Prime Minister [[Yoshirō Mori|Yoshiro Mori]] in 2000.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/nov/20/news/mn-54782|title=Japan's Ruling Party Moves to Quash Mutiny Over Mori|last=|first=|date=2000-11-20|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-10-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/dec/01/news/mn-59743|title=LDP Official Quits; Mori May Be at More Risk|last=|first=|date=2000-12-01|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-10-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|last2=|first2=|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref>


⚫
In 2000, as LDP secretary-general, Nonaka played a key role in defeating a [[no-confidence motion]] against Prime Minister [[Yoshirō Mori|Yoshiro Mori]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-20-mn-54782-story.html|title=Japan's Ruling Party Moves to Quash Mutiny Over Mori|date=2000-11-20|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-dec-01-mn-59743-story.html|title=LDP Official Quits; Mori May Be at More Risk|date=2000-12-01|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref>
In 2001 he was seen as a contender for the presidency of the LDP, and thereby for [[Prime Minister of Japan]]. He was reluctant to take the position as it would place his background in the spotlight.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/16/world/asia/16outcasts.html|title=Japan’s Outcasts Still Wait for Acceptance|last=Onishi|first=Norimitsu|date=2009|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> During his candidacy, future Prime Minister [[Tarō Asō]] allegedly made remarks disparaging towards Nonaka's heritage. Nonaka later remarked that he would "never forgive" Asō for the remarks.<ref name="search.japantimes.co.jp">Yamaguchi, Mari, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090125a2.html Discrimination claims die hard in Japan]", ''[[The Japan Times]]'', January 25, 2009, p. 2.</ref> Aso denied making the remarks when questioned in 2005.<ref name=":1" /> Nonaka ultimately supported [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]] in the election,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/11/world/japans-hashimoto-enters-prime-minister-race.html|title=Japan's Hashimoto Enters Prime Minister Race|last=|first=|date=2001-04-11|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> but Hashimoto lost to [[Junichiro Koizumi]].


Koizumi's politics led to a decline in the power of LDP factions, including Nonaka's. Nonaka vigorously opposed the re-election of Koizumi as LDP president in September 2003, stating that "this election will decide whether Japan will be able to survive or go into decline as a nation."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/20/world/japanese-election-exposes-rents-in-party-fabric.html|title=Japanese Election Exposes Rents in Party Fabric|last=Onishi|first=Norimitsu|date=2003-09-20|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After Koizumi was re-elected, Nonaka announced his retirement from politics in October 2003. He did not run in the [[Japanese general election, 2003|2003 general election]], but campaigned for the LDP candidate in his district.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/koizumis-children-133447|title=Koizumi's Children|date=2003-11-09|work=Newsweek|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en}}</ref>
In 2001, Nonaka was seen as a contender for the presidency of the LDP, and thereby for [[Prime Minister of Japan]]. Nonaka was reluctant to take the position as it would place his background as a ''burakumin'' in the spotlight.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/16/world/asia/16outcasts.html|title=Japan's Outcasts Still Wait for Acceptance|last=Onishi|first=Norimitsu|date=2009|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> During his candidacy, future Prime Minister [[Tarō Asō]] allegedly made remarks disparaging towards Nonaka's ''burakumin'' heritage, for which Nonaka later remarked that he would "never forgive" Asō.<ref name="search.japantimes.co.jp">Yamaguchi, Mari, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090125a2.html Discrimination claims die hard in Japan]", ''[[The Japan Times]]'', January 25, 2009, p. 2.</ref> Asō denied making the remarks when questioned in 2005.<ref name=":1" /> Nonaka ultimately supported [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]] in the election, but Hashimoto lost to [[Junichiro Koizumi]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/11/world/japans-hashimoto-enters-prime-minister-race.html|title=Japan's Hashimoto Enters Prime Minister Race|date=2001-04-11|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Koizumi's politics led to a decline in the power of LDP factions, and Nonaka vigorously opposed the re-election of Koizumi as LDP president in September 2003, stating that "this election will decide whether Japan will be able to survive or go into decline as a nation."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/20/world/japanese-election-exposes-rents-in-party-fabric.html|title=Japanese Election Exposes Rents in Party Fabric|last=Onishi|first=Norimitsu|date=2003-09-20|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After Koizumi was re-elected, Nonaka announced his retirement from politics in October 2003. Nonaka did not run in the [[2003 Japanese general election|2003 general election]], but campaigned for the LDP candidate in his district in Kyoto Prefecture.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/koizumis-children-133447|title=Koizumi's Children|date=2003-11-09|work=Newsweek|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en}}</ref>


== Post-retirement ==
== Post-retirement ==
Following his 2003 departure from the Diet, Nonaka served as chairman of the National Federation of Land Improvement Industry Groups, a powerful supporter of the LDP. After the formation of the [[Democratic Party of Japan]] government in 2009, Nonaka resigned from the LDP in 2011 for the stated reason of preserving his neutrality. He rejoined the LDP in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/senkyo/articles/20160614/k00/00m/010/040000c|title=野中広務氏：自民復党を決定　参院選での協力期待 - 毎日新聞|work=毎日新聞|access-date=2017-10-12|language=ja-JP}}</ref>
Following his 2003 departure from the Diet, Nonaka served as chairman of the National Federation of Land Improvement Industry Groups, a powerful supporter of the LDP. After the formation of the [[Democratic Party of Japan]] government in 2009, Nonaka resigned from the LDP in 2011 for the stated reason of preserving his neutrality. However, Nonaka rejoined the LDP in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/senkyo/articles/20160614/k00/00m/010/040000c|title=野中広務氏：自民復党を決定 参院選での協力期待 - 毎日新聞|work=毎日新聞|access-date=2017-10-12|language=ja-JP}}</ref>


On June 5, 2013, Nonaka led a delegation including former Prime Minister [[Yukio Hatoyama]] to visit Beijing and confer with [[Liu Yunshan]], a member of the [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China]]. Nonaka told reporters that as a young politician in the 1970s, he had heard [[Kakuei Tanaka]] state that an agreement had been reached to shelve the dispute between Japan and China over the Senkaku Islands in order to normalize relations between the countries.<ref name="living witness">{{cite web|url=http://sankei.jp.msn.com/politics/news/130606/stt13060608300001-n1.htm|title=尖閣「生き証人」のうさん臭い告白|trans_title= Senkaku: a dubious confession by "a living witness" |date=2013-06-06|publisher= The Sankei Shimbun}} archived at https://archive.is/hla1S</ref> Chief Cabinet Secretary [[Yoshihide Suga]] denied the claim as "baseless" and alleged that Nonaka had been influenced by "Chinese hospitality."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2013-06/09/content_29081861.htm|title=Japan - trying to rewrite history? - China.org.cn|last=|first=|date=|website=www.china.org.cn|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref>
On 5 June 2013, Nonaka led a delegation including former Prime Minister [[Yukio Hatoyama]] to visit [[Beijing]] and confer with [[Liu Yunshan]], a member of the [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]]. Nonaka told reporters that as a young politician in the 1970s, he had heard [[Kakuei Tanaka]] state that an agreement had been reached to shelve the dispute between Japan and China over the [[Senkaku Islands]] in order to normalize relations between the countries.<ref name="living witness">{{cite web|url=http://sankei.jp.msn.com/politics/news/130606/stt13060608300001-n1.htm|title=尖閣「生き証人」のうさん臭い告白|trans-title=Senkaku: a dubious confession by "a living witness"|date=2013-06-06|publisher=The Sankei Shimbun|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607094414/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/politics/news/130606/stt13060608300001-n1.htm|archive-date=2013-06-07}} archived at</ref> Chief Cabinet Secretary [[Yoshihide Suga]] denied the claim as "baseless" and alleged that Nonaka had been influenced by "Chinese hospitality."{{cn|date=January 2022}}


Nonaka publicly criticized the LDP's plans to revise [[Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution]] in 2017, stating that "Japan should not go through the history of war again."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sankei.com/politics/news/170704/plt1707040073-n1.html|title=【憲法改正】野中広務・元自民党幹事長「反対。再び戦争になる歴史を歩むべきではない」|last=|first=|date=2017-07-04|work=産経ニュース|access-date=2017-10-12|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=ja-JP}}</ref>
In 2017, Nonaka publicly criticized the LDP's plans to revise [[Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution]], stating that "Japan should not go through the history of war again."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sankei.com/politics/news/170704/plt1707040073-n1.html|title=【憲法改正】野中広務・元自民党幹事長「反対。再び戦争になる歴史を歩むべきではない」|date=2017-07-04|work=産経ニュース|access-date=2017-10-12|language=ja-JP}}</ref>

==Death==
Nonaka died on 26 January 2018, at the age of 92, at a hospital in the [[Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto|Shimogyō Ward]] of [[Kyoto]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180126/p2g/00m/0dm/077000c|title=Ex-top gov't spokesman, LDP heavyweight Nonaka dies at 92|date=26 January 2018|via=Mainichi Daily News|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127202429/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180126/p2g/00m/0dm/077000c|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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{{Portal|Japan|Biography}}
{{Portal|Japan|Biography}}
* [http://www.mofa.go.jp/about/hq/profile/nonaka.html Profile of Hiromu Nonaka]
* [http://www.mofa.go.jp/about/hq/profile/nonaka.html Profile of Hiromu Nonaka]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|jp-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=Yoshiteru Uekusa}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair, [[House of Representatives (Japan)|Lower House]] Committee on Communications|years=1991}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sadakazu Tanigaki]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Makoto Koga]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair, [[House of Representatives (Japan)|Lower House]] Committee on Construction|years=1993}}
{{s-aft|after=Kazuo Torii}}
{{s-off}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (Japan)|Minister of Home Affairs]]|years=1994&ndash;1995}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Takashi Fukaya]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[National Public Safety Commission (Japan)|Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission]]|years=1994&ndash;1995}}
|-
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Cabinet Secretary]]|years=1998&ndash;1999}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Mikio Aoki]]}}
|-
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{{s-ttl|title=Director of the Okinawa Development Agency|years=1999}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Yoshirō Mori]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party]]|years=2000}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Makoto Koga]]}}
{{s-end}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nonaka, Hiromu}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nonaka, Hiromu}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kyoto Prefecture]]
[[Category:Burakumin]]
[[Category:People from Nantan, Kyoto]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kyoto Prefecture]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Japan)]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Japan)]]
[[Category:Members of the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Japan]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Japan]]
[[Category:Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) politicians]]
[[Category:Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) politicians]]

Latest revision as of 04:23, 14 August 2024

Hiromu Nonaka
野中 廣務
Member of the House of Representatives
In office
August 8, 1983 – October 10, 2003
Preceded byShigesaburo Maeo
Sen'ichi Tanigaki
Succeeded byHideo Tanaka
ConstituencyKyoto-2 until 1993
Kyoto-4 from 1993
Head of the Okinawa Development Agency
In office
January 14, 1999 – October 5, 1999
Prime MinisterKeizo Obuchi
Preceded byKichio Inoue
Succeeded byMikio Aoki
Chief Cabinet Secretary
In office
October 5, 1998 – July 30, 1999
Prime MinisterKeizo Obuchi
Preceded byKanezo Muraoka
Succeeded byMikio Aoki
Minister of Home Affairs and Head of the National Public Safety Commission
In office
June 30, 1994 – August 8, 1995
Prime MinisterTomiichi Murayama
Preceded byHajime Ishii
Succeeded byTakashi Fukaya
Personal details
Born(1925-10-20)October 20, 1925
Sonobe, Kyoto, Japan
DiedJanuary 26, 2018(2018-01-26) (aged 92)
Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto, Japan
Political partyLiberal Democratic Party

Hiromu Nonaka (野中 廣務, Nonaka Hiromu, 20 October 1925 – 26 January 2018) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Nonaka served as a local politician in Kyoto Prefecture from 1951 to 1978 and in the House of Representatives from 1983 to 2003, becoming one of its most prominent members in the 1990s. Nonaka served as Minister of Home Affairs and Head of the National Public Safety Commission from 1994 to 1995, as Chief Cabinet Secretary from 1998 to 1999, and as Head of the Okinawa Development Agency in 1999. Nonaka was widely considered as a voice of reason within the Liberal Democratic Party and viewed by some as the most powerful person in Japan during the mid-to-late 1990s.

Early life and local political career

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Hiromu Nonaka was born on 20 October 1925 in Sonobe, Kyoto Prefecture (now part of the city of Nantan) into a family of burakumin background. After graduating from Kyoto Prefectural Sonobe Junior High School in 1943, Nonaka worked for the Japanese National Railways (JNR) in Osaka, an office managed at the time by future prime minister Eisaku Sato.

Nonaka encountered discrimination in his youth as a member of the burakumin group, and later said this discrimination was a factor in his decision to leave JNR and enter politics.[1] Nonaka entered local politics in Sonobe, where he served as a member of the local assembly from 1951 to 1958, and as mayor from 1958 to 1966. Nonaka then won a seat in the Kyoto Prefectural Assembly and served from 1967 to 1978. Nonaka briefly served as vice-governor of Kyoto Prefecture in 1978, but resigned to establish and serve as the chairman of Japan's first care facility for individuals with profound physical disabilities.

Diet career

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Nonaka entered the House of Representatives through the Kyoto 2nd district by-election of 1983, in which two seats were open following the death of incumbent representatives Senichi Tanigaki and Shigesaburo Maeo. Tanigaki's son Sadakazu Tanigaki won the most votes in the election, followed by Nonaka.

In the 1980s, Nonaka was part of the House faction headed by Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). In 1988, Nonaka rose to prominence following the Recruit scandal, which led to the collapse of the Takeshita's faction. The 1993 general election saw the LDP enter the opposition in Japan for the first time in decades. As few LDP Diet members had experience being part of the opposition, Nonaka drew on his experience as part of the local and prefectural assembly opposition in Kyoto to become one of the most prominent Diet critics of the government of Morihiro Hosokawa.[citation needed]

Hiromu Nonaka was inaugurated as Minister of State on June 30, 1994.

Following the collapse of the Hosokawa-led coalition in 1994, Nonaka entered the Cabinet for the first time as part of the government of Tomiichi Murayama.

Nonaka served as Minister of Home Affairs through the Tokyo subway sarin attack of 1995, and drew attention for his personal apology to a suspect falsely accused of poisoning his wife and neighbors with sarin.[1]

In 1998, at the request of Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto, Nonaka travelled to China to express remorse to victims of the Nanjing massacre.[2] Later that year, in response to a demand for further apologies by General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Jiang Zemin, Nonaka described the issue as a "finished problem."[3]

In 1998, Nonaka was named Chief Cabinet Secretary under Prime Minister Keizō Obuchi, where he wielded an unusual amount of power in this role. Nonaka was viewed by many insiders as a shadow leader of the government, arranging a major bank bailout plan and bringing the faction led by Ichiro Ozawa into the governing coalition.[1] A TIME article in December 1998 called Nonaka "Japan's most powerful man."[4]

In 2000, as LDP secretary-general, Nonaka played a key role in defeating a no-confidence motion against Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori.[5][6]

In 2001, Nonaka was seen as a contender for the presidency of the LDP, and thereby for Prime Minister of Japan. Nonaka was reluctant to take the position as it would place his background as a burakumin in the spotlight.[7] During his candidacy, future Prime Minister Tarō Asō allegedly made remarks disparaging towards Nonaka's burakumin heritage, for which Nonaka later remarked that he would "never forgive" Asō.[8] Asō denied making the remarks when questioned in 2005.[7] Nonaka ultimately supported Ryutaro Hashimoto in the election, but Hashimoto lost to Junichiro Koizumi.[9]

Koizumi's politics led to a decline in the power of LDP factions, and Nonaka vigorously opposed the re-election of Koizumi as LDP president in September 2003, stating that "this election will decide whether Japan will be able to survive or go into decline as a nation."[10] After Koizumi was re-elected, Nonaka announced his retirement from politics in October 2003. Nonaka did not run in the 2003 general election, but campaigned for the LDP candidate in his district in Kyoto Prefecture.[11]

Post-retirement

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Following his 2003 departure from the Diet, Nonaka served as chairman of the National Federation of Land Improvement Industry Groups, a powerful supporter of the LDP. After the formation of the Democratic Party of Japan government in 2009, Nonaka resigned from the LDP in 2011 for the stated reason of preserving his neutrality. However, Nonaka rejoined the LDP in 2016.[12]

On 5 June 2013, Nonaka led a delegation including former Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama to visit Beijing and confer with Liu Yunshan, a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Nonaka told reporters that as a young politician in the 1970s, he had heard Kakuei Tanaka state that an agreement had been reached to shelve the dispute between Japan and China over the Senkaku Islands in order to normalize relations between the countries.[13] Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga denied the claim as "baseless" and alleged that Nonaka had been influenced by "Chinese hospitality."[citation needed]

In 2017, Nonaka publicly criticized the LDP's plans to revise Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, stating that "Japan should not go through the history of war again."[14]

Death

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Nonaka died on 26 January 2018, at the age of 92, at a hospital in the Shimogyō Ward of Kyoto.[15]

References

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  1. ^ a b c REITMAN, VALERIE (1999-04-17). "Japan's Cabinet Secretary Wields Power on His Own Terms". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  2. ^ EFRON, SONNI (1998-05-12). "Japanese Right Praises Film on WWII Leader". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  3. ^ Kristof, Nicholas D. (1998-11-30). "Burying the Past: War Guilt Haunts Japan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  4. ^ MACINTYRE, DONALD (1998-12-21). "Japan's Most Powerful Man". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  5. ^ "Japan's Ruling Party Moves to Quash Mutiny Over Mori". Los Angeles Times. 2000-11-20. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  6. ^ "LDP Official Quits; Mori May Be at More Risk". Los Angeles Times. 2000-12-01. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  7. ^ a b Onishi, Norimitsu (2009). "Japan's Outcasts Still Wait for Acceptance". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  8. ^ Yamaguchi, Mari, "Discrimination claims die hard in Japan", The Japan Times, January 25, 2009, p. 2.
  9. ^ "Japan's Hashimoto Enters Prime Minister Race". The New York Times. 2001-04-11. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  10. ^ Onishi, Norimitsu (2003-09-20). "Japanese Election Exposes Rents in Party Fabric". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  11. ^ "Koizumi's Children". Newsweek. 2003-11-09. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  12. ^ "野中広務氏：自民復党を決定 参院選での協力期待 - 毎日新聞". 毎日新聞 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  13. ^ "尖閣「生き証人」のうさん臭い告白" [Senkaku: a dubious confession by "a living witness"]. The Sankei Shimbun. 2013-06-06. Archived from the original on 2013-06-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) archived at
  14. ^ "【憲法改正】野中広務・元自民党幹事長「反対。再び戦争になる歴史を歩むべきではない」". 産経ニュース (in Japanese). 2017-07-04. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  15. ^ "Ex-top gov't spokesman, LDP heavyweight Nonaka dies at 92". 26 January 2018. Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2018 – via Mainichi Daily News.
[edit]
House of Representatives (Japan)
Preceded by
Yoshiteru Uekusa
 Chair, Lower House Committee on Communications
1991 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair, Lower House Committee on Construction
1993 		Succeeded by
Kazuo Torii
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Home Affairs
1994–1995 		Succeeded by
Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission
1994–1995
Preceded by
Kanezo Muraoka
 Chief Cabinet Secretary
1998–1999 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Kichio Inoue
 Director of the Okinawa Development Agency
1999
Party political offices
Preceded by Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party
2000 		Succeeded by
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