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{{Short description|French admiral (1733–1815)}}
{{Other persons|Thévenard|Thévenard (disambiguation){{!}}Thévenard}}
{{Other people|Thévenard|Thévenard (disambiguation){{!}}Thévenard}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
⚫
'''Antoine Jean Marie Thévenard''' (7 December 1733, [[Saint-Malo]] - 9 February 1815, Paris) was a French politician and [[vice admiral]]. He served in the French ruling regimes of [[Louis XVI]], those of the Revolution, [[Napoleon I]] and [[Louis XVIII]], and is buried at the [[Panthéon de Paris]]. His son [[Antoine-René Thévenard]], capitaine de vaisseau, was killed at the [[Battle of Aboukir Bay|Battle of Aboukir]] whilst commanding the ''Aquilon''.
{{Infobox military person
|honorific_prefix = [[Vice admiral|''Vice-amiral'']]
⚫
|name = Antoine-Jean-Marie Thévenard
⚫
|birth_date = 7 December 1733
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1815|02|09|1733|12|07}}
|image = Antoine-Jean-Marie Thevenard.jpg
|caption =
|birth_place = [[Saint-Malo]]
|death_place = Paris
|nickname =
|allegiance = [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] <br />[[French First Republic]]<br />[[First French Empire]]
|serviceyears = 1745–1816
|rank = [[Vice admiral|''Vice-amiral'']]
|branch = [[French Navy]]
|commands =
|unit =
|battles =
|awards = [[Count of the Empire]]<br />
Grand officer of the [[Legion of Honour]]<br />
Commander of the [[Order of Saint Louis]]<br />
Buried at the [[Panthéon]]
|relations = Father to [[Antoine-René Thévenard]]}}
⚫
'''Antoine Jean Marie Thévenard''' ({{IPA|fr|ɑ̃twan ʒɑ̃ maʁi tevnaʁ}}; 7 December 1733 in [[Saint-Malo]]<ref name=cunat387>Cunat, p.387</ref> – 9 February 1815 in [[Paris]]<ref name=cunat389>Cunat, p.389</ref>) was a French politician and [[vice admiral]]. He served in the French ruling regimes of [[Louis XVI]], those of the Revolution, [[Napoleon I]] and [[Louis XVIII]], and is buried at the [[Panthéon de Paris]]. His son [[Antoine-René Thévenard]], ''capitaine de vaisseau'', was killed at the [[Battle of Aboukir Bay|Battle of Aboukir]] whilst commanding the 74-gun [[French ship Aquilon (1789)|''Aquilon'']].


==Life==
==Career==
Thévenard was born to Antoine Thévenard, a senior officer in the merchant navy,<ref name=Arnault>Arnault, p.426</ref> and Jeanne Moinet.<ref name=cunat387 /> He began sailing as a lieutenant in 1747 on merchantmen captained by his father, and went on to sail for the [[Compagnie des Indes]].<ref name=Arnault /><ref name=cunat388>Cunat, p.388</ref>
⚫
Aged 12 he embarked on a [[Compagnie des Indes]] ship and fought in several battles. He became a lieutenant in 1754 and destroyed the English establishments on the [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] coast and took part in the pirate [[François Thurot]]'s expedition to Ireland (1759). Returning to [[Saint-Malo]], he helped in the planning of frigate construction, before being put in charge of overseeing constructions already in progress, and thus built the first [[gunboat]]s in the [[French Navy]]. He was promoted [[Capitaine de vaisseau]] in the Compagnie des Indes in 1764 before entering the French Navy, becoming [[Capitaine de frégate]] in 1770, then Capitaine de vaisseau in 1773. He then commanded the Lorient fleet from 1779, and became Chef d'escadre in 1784.


⚫
Aged 12 he embarked on a [[Compagnie des Indes]] ship and fought in several battles. He became a lieutenant in 1754 and destroyed the English establishments on the [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] coast and took part in the pirate [[François Thurot]]'s expedition to Ireland (1759). He earned the rank of [[Capitaine de vaisseau]] in the [[Compagnie des Indes]] in 1764,<ref name=cunat388 /> and earned his first command of an East Indianer in 1768.<ref name=Arnault />
He became [[ministre de la Marine]] under Louis XVI in May 1791, but resigned in September 1791. Promoted [[Vice-amiral]] in 1792, he commanded the fleets at [[Brest, France|Brest]], then [[Toulon]], then [[Rochefort, Charente-Maritime|Rochefort]], and became [[Préfet maritime]] of Lorient then Toulon in 1801, where he remained until 1815. On 5 February 1810 he was made a [[comte d'Empire]] and member of the [[Sénat conservateur]]. He then became a member of the [[Chambre des Pairs]] in 1814.

Thévenard enlisted in the French Royal Navy in 1770, where his rank in the Compagnie des Indes earned him the rank of Commander.<ref name=cunat387 /> He was appointed [[Order of Saint Louis|Knight of the Order of Saint Louis]]<ref name=Arnault /> and rose to captain in 1773,<ref name=cunat387 /> commanded the Lorient fleet from 1779,<ref name=cunat388 /> was promoted to Brigadeer of the naval armies in 1784,<ref name=Arnault /> and eventually to ''Chef d'escadre'' in 1783.<ref name=cunat388 /><ref group=note>Arnault (p.426) says in 1784.</ref>

In May 1791, Thévenard replaced [[Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu|Fleurieu]] as [[ministre de la Marine]] under Louis XVI,<ref name=Arnault /><ref name=cunat388 /> but resigned in September 1791,<ref name=cunat388 /> fallen out of favour because of his political opinions against the [[French Revolution]].<ref name=Arnault />

Promoted [[Vice-amiral]] in 1793,<ref name=cunat388 /> he commanded the fleets at [[Brest, France|Brest]],<ref>Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.41</ref> then [[Toulon]],<ref>Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.132</ref> then [[Rochefort, Charente-Maritime|Rochefort]], and became [[Préfet maritime]] of Lorient then Toulon in 1801,<ref name=Arnault /> where he remained until 1815.

In October 1799, Thévenard presided at the [[court-martial]] of Rear-Admiral [[Jean-Baptiste Perrée|Perrée]],<ref>Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.229</ref> to examine the events of the [[action of 18 June 1799]], in which he had lost his ships. He similarly presided at the court-martial following the capture of the [[HMS Malta (1800)|''Guillaume Tell'']] in 1800,<ref>Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.240</ref> and the enquiry on the conduct of Rear-Admiral [[Pierre Dumanoir le Pelley|Dumanoir le Pelley]] at the [[Battle of Trafalgar]].<ref>Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.335</ref> In 1809, he investigated the capitulation of Flessingen.<ref>Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.382</ref>

On 5 February 1810 he was made a [[comte d'Empire]] and member of the [[Sénat conservateur]].<ref name=cunat389 /> In this capacity, he voted for the dismissal of Napoléon in 1814,<ref name=Arnault /> which earned him an appointment to the [[Chambre des Pairs]] by [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]] after the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] in 1814.<ref name=cunat389 /><ref name=Arnault /> On 27 December 1814, he was promoted [[Order of Saint-Louis|Commandeur in the Order of Saint-Louis]].<ref name=Arnault />

Thévenard died on 9 February 1815 and was interred in the [[Panthéon]] in Paris.<ref name=cunat389 />


==Memberships==
==Memberships==
Line 12: Line 47:
*1787 : Member of the [[Académie des Sciences]]
*1787 : Member of the [[Académie des Sciences]]


==Distinctions==
==Honours==
*1773 : Knight of the [[Ordre de Saint-Louis]]. He was promoted to Commander on 27 December 1814, under the [[Bourbon Restoration]].
* 1773 : Knight of the [[Ordre de Saint-Louis]]. He was promoted to Commander on 27 December 1814, under the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]].
*1804 : Grand officer of the [[Légion d'honneur]]
* 1804 : Grand officer of the [[Légion d'honneur]]
* buried in the [[Panthéon]]


==Works==
=== Works ===
; By Antoine-Jean-Marie Thévenard
*''Mémoires relatifs à la marine''.
* ''Rapports à l'Académie de Marine''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Services militaires des officiers de l'ancienne Compagnie des Indes''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Sur une École de marine à Lorient''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Sur le Commerce des Indes-Orientales''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Calculs pour tirer un vaisseau à terre''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Comparaison des courbes de fer à celles de bois''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Observations sur l'ordonnance de la marine du 27 Septembre 1776''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Projet de guerre contre les Anglais''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Mesurer avec précision la profondeur de la mer en sondant''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Nouvelle édition du Neptune oriental''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Sur l'établissement d'un port de secours à Pontrieux''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Expérience sur l'air dans les vaisseaux désarmés''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Essai sur les phares''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Observations météorologiques''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Sur le doublage en cuivre des vaisseaux, les toiles à voiles, la circulation du sang, la pêche à la sardine, la conservation des gens de mer, le commerce entre la France et les États-Unis''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Sur l'Île de la Trinité''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Sur l'enduit nommé galgale''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Sur le magnétisme animal''<ref name=cunat388 />
* ''Sur les Volcans, l'Artillerie, la Mécanique, la Lumière, le Nivellement de la Mer Rouge, la Résistance des Fluides, le Passage du raz de Sein ou de Fontenay''<ref name=cunat388 />

All the above were later re-printed in four volumes as ''Mémoires relatifs à la marine''.<ref name=cunat389 />

==Notes and references==
=== Notes ===
{{Reflist|group=note}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book|title=Biographie nouvelle des contemporains [1787-1820].|first=Antoine-Vincent|last=Arnault|year=1827|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1gANAAAAYAAJ|language=French|volume=19}} (San-Thou)
* {{cite book|title=Saint-Malo illustré par ses marins|first=Charles|last=Cunat|author-link=Charles Cunat|publisher=Imprimerie de F. Péalat|year=1857|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1koAAAAYAAJ|language=French}}

'''External links'''
* {{cite web |url=http://www.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/chan/chan/series/pdf/Marine-B4.pdf|author=Archives nationales|access-date=29 April 2020|title=Fonds Marine, sous-série B/4: Campagnes, 1571-1785|year=2011}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.academiedemarine.com/documents/biographies/TH%C3%89VENARD.pdf|author=Académie de Marine|author-link=Académie de Marine|access-date=20 May 2020|title=THÉVENARD}}


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
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|before=[[Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu]]
|before=[[Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu]]
|after=[[Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart]]
|after=[[Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart]]
|years=17 May 1791-18 September 1791
|years=17 May 1791 – 18 September 1791
}}
}}
{{end}}
{{end}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=17620828}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| NAME = Thevenard, Antoine-Jean-Marie
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = French admiral
⚫
| DATE OF BIRTH = 7 December 1733
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 9 February 1815
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thevenard, Antoine-Jean-Marie}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thevenard, Antoine-Jean-Marie}}
[[Category:1733 births]]
[[Category:1733 births]]
[[Category:1815 deaths]]
[[Category:1815 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Saint-Malo]]
[[Category:Politicians from Saint-Malo]]
[[Category:Ministers of Marine and the Colonies]]
[[Category:Ministers of marine and the colonies]]
[[Category:French Navy admirals]]
[[Category:French Navy admirals]]
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[[Category:French politicians]]
[[Category:Burials at the Panthéon, Paris]]
[[Category:Burials at the Panthéon, Paris]]
[[Category:Counts of the First French Empire]]
[[Category:Counts of the First French Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the Sénat conservateur]]
[[Category:Members of the Sénat conservateur]]
[[Category:Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Saint Louis]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Saint Louis]]
[[Category:French naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:French naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]]
⚫
[[Category:Peers of France]]
[[Category:French Navy officers from Saint-Malo]]

Latest revision as of 06:26, 14 August 2024

For other people named Thévenard, see Thévenard.

Vice-amiral

Antoine-Jean-Marie Thévenard
Born7 December 1733
Saint-Malo
Died9 February 1815(1815-02-09) (aged 81)
Paris
AllegianceLouis XVI
French First Republic
First French Empire
Service / branchFrench Navy
Years of service1745–1816
RankVice-amiral
AwardsCount of the Empire

Grand officer of the Legion of Honour
Commander of the Order of Saint Louis

Buried at the Panthéon
RelationsFather to Antoine-René Thévenard

Antoine Jean Marie Thévenard (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan ʒɑ̃ maʁi tevnaʁ]; 7 December 1733 in Saint-Malo[1] – 9 February 1815 in Paris[2]) was a French politician and vice admiral. He served in the French ruling regimes of Louis XVI, those of the Revolution, Napoleon I and Louis XVIII, and is buried at the Panthéon de Paris. His son Antoine-René Thévenard, capitaine de vaisseau, was killed at the Battle of Aboukir whilst commanding the 74-gun Aquilon.

Career

[edit]

Thévenard was born to Antoine Thévenard, a senior officer in the merchant navy,[3] and Jeanne Moinet.[1] He began sailing as a lieutenant in 1747 on merchantmen captained by his father, and went on to sail for the Compagnie des Indes.[3][4]

Aged 12 he embarked on a Compagnie des Indes ship and fought in several battles. He became a lieutenant in 1754 and destroyed the English establishments on the Newfoundland coast and took part in the pirate François Thurot's expedition to Ireland (1759). He earned the rank of Capitaine de vaisseau in the Compagnie des Indes in 1764,[4] and earned his first command of an East Indianer in 1768.[3]

Thévenard enlisted in the French Royal Navy in 1770, where his rank in the Compagnie des Indes earned him the rank of Commander.[1] He was appointed Knight of the Order of Saint Louis[3] and rose to captain in 1773,[1] commanded the Lorient fleet from 1779,[4] was promoted to Brigadeer of the naval armies in 1784,[3] and eventually to Chef d'escadre in 1783.[4][note 1]

In May 1791, Thévenard replaced Fleurieu as ministre de la Marine under Louis XVI,[3][4] but resigned in September 1791,[4] fallen out of favour because of his political opinions against the French Revolution.[3]

Promoted Vice-amiral in 1793,[4] he commanded the fleets at Brest,[5] then Toulon,[6] then Rochefort, and became Préfet maritime of Lorient then Toulon in 1801,[3] where he remained until 1815.

In October 1799, Thévenard presided at the court-martial of Rear-Admiral Perrée,[7] to examine the events of the action of 18 June 1799, in which he had lost his ships. He similarly presided at the court-martial following the capture of the Guillaume Tell in 1800,[8] and the enquiry on the conduct of Rear-Admiral Dumanoir le Pelley at the Battle of Trafalgar.[9] In 1809, he investigated the capitulation of Flessingen.[10]

On 5 February 1810 he was made a comte d'Empire and member of the Sénat conservateur.[2] In this capacity, he voted for the dismissal of Napoléon in 1814,[3] which earned him an appointment to the Chambre des Pairs by Louis XVIII after the Bourbon Restoration in 1814.[2][3] On 27 December 1814, he was promoted Commandeur in the Order of Saint-Louis.[3]

Thévenard died on 9 February 1815 and was interred in the Panthéon in Paris.[2]

Memberships

[edit]

Honours

[edit]

Works

[edit]
By Antoine-Jean-Marie Thévenard
  • Rapports à l'Académie de Marine[4]
  • Services militaires des officiers de l'ancienne Compagnie des Indes[4]
  • Sur une École de marine à Lorient[4]
  • Sur le Commerce des Indes-Orientales[4]
  • Calculs pour tirer un vaisseau à terre[4]
  • Comparaison des courbes de fer à celles de bois[4]
  • Observations sur l'ordonnance de la marine du 27 Septembre 1776[4]
  • Projet de guerre contre les Anglais[4]
  • Mesurer avec précision la profondeur de la mer en sondant[4]
  • Nouvelle édition du Neptune oriental[4]
  • Sur l'établissement d'un port de secours à Pontrieux[4]
  • Expérience sur l'air dans les vaisseaux désarmés[4]
  • Essai sur les phares[4]
  • Observations météorologiques[4]
  • Sur le doublage en cuivre des vaisseaux, les toiles à voiles, la circulation du sang, la pêche à la sardine, la conservation des gens de mer, le commerce entre la France et les États-Unis[4]
  • Sur l'Île de la Trinité[4]
  • Sur l'enduit nommé galgale[4]
  • Sur le magnétisme animal[4]
  • Sur les Volcans, l'Artillerie, la Mécanique, la Lumière, le Nivellement de la Mer Rouge, la Résistance des Fluides, le Passage du raz de Sein ou de Fontenay[4]

All the above were later re-printed in four volumes as Mémoires relatifs à la marine.[2]

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Arnault (p.426) says in 1784.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Cunat, p.387
  2. ^ a b c d e Cunat, p.389
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Arnault, p.426
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Cunat, p.388
  5. ^ Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.41
  6. ^ Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.132
  7. ^ Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.229
  8. ^ Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.240
  9. ^ Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.335
  10. ^ Fonds Marine, vol.1, p.382

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Arnault, Antoine-Vincent (1827). Biographie nouvelle des contemporains [1787-1820] (in French). Vol. 19. (San-Thou)
  • Cunat, Charles (1857). Saint-Malo illustré par ses marins (in French). Imprimerie de F. Péalat.

External links

Military offices
Preceded by Minister of the Navy and the Colonies
17 May 1791 – 18 September 1791 		Succeeded by
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