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Albert A. Hakim (July 16, 1936^[1] - April 25, 2003)^[2]^[3] was an Iranian-American^[4]^[5] businessman and a figure in the Iran-Contra affair.^[2]^[6]

Born into an Iranian Jewish family,^[2] Hakim attended California Polytechnic Institute for three years, beginning in 1955. Back in Iran, he established an export business specializing in advanced technologies, and in avoiding export restrictions related to them.^[2] He became persona non grata in Iran after the Islamic Revolution.^[7]

Hakim was credited with negotiating a nine-point plan known as the "Hakim Accords", in which he negotiated the release of David P. Jacobsen, an American hostage held by the Islamic Republic of Iran from the Iran Hostage Crisis. Democratic Representative Ed Jenkins called the plan the "Hakim Accords".^[8] Later, during Hakim's trial for his role in the Iran-Contra affair, Jacobsen wrote a letter in Hakim's defense in which he stated: "I would be in my fifth year of captivity had it not been for his [Hakim's] extraordinary efforts in negotiating with the Iranian representatives. Other American negotiators had given up, but Mr. Hakim continued."^[9]

Hakim moved to California in the early 1980s, and in 1983 established Stanford Technology Trading Group International (STTGI) with retired Air Force Major General Richard Secord. STTGI subsequently became involved in illegal covert operations to supply the Nicaraguan contras, as part of the Iran-Contra affair.^[2]^[10] For his part in the matter, Hakim was charged with five felonies, which were dismissed, and subsequently pleaded guilty in a plea bargain to a misdemeanor, and was sentenced to probation and a fine of $5000.^[2]^[11]

Hakim died of a brain aneurysm in 2003, aged 66, Inchon, South Korea, where he had moved to be near his wife's family.^[2]^[6]

References

^ "Iran-Contra investigation: Joint hearings before the Senate Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and the Nicaraguan Opposition and the House Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran, One Hundredth Congress, first session". 1988.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Martin, Douglas (May 1, 2003). "Albert Hakim, Figure in Iran-Contra Affair, Dies at 66". The New York Times. Retrieved December 28, 2009.
^ Oliver, Myrna (April 30, 2003). "Albert Hakim, 66; Key Figure in Reagan Era's Iran-Contra Scandal". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
^ Loftus, John; Aarons, Mark (May 16, 2017). The Secret War Against the Jews: How Western Espionage Betrayed the Jewish People. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 9781250167262.
^ "Iran-Contra Figure Hakim Once Deported From US". Associated Press.
^ ^a ^b August, Melissa; Barovick, Harriet; Bland, Elizabeth L.; Kher, Unmesh; McLaughlin, Lisa; Song, Sora (May 12, 2003). "Milestones May 12, 2003". Time. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2009.
^ U.S. Senate Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and the Nicaraguan Opposition, U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran (1987). Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair With Supplemental, Minority, and Additional Views. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. p. 251. OCLC 16998535. S. Rept. No. 100-216, H. Rept. No. 100-433.
^ "Lakeland Ledger". Retrieved November 21, 2022.
^ IN RE Albert Hakim. Accessed November 21, 2022.
^ Morain, Dan (February 12, 1987). "CIA Contacted by Arms Middleman in 1983, Source Says", Los Angeles Times.
^ "Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs - the Legal Aftermath". Retrieved November 21, 2022.

This article about an Iranian businessperson is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

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[1] "Iran-Contra investigation: Joint hearings before the Senate Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and the Nicaraguan Opposition and the House Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran, One Hundredth Congress, first session". 1988.

[nytimesobit-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Martin, Douglas (May 1, 2003). "Albert Hakim, Figure in Iran-Contra Affair, Dies at 66". The New York Times. Retrieved December 28, 2009.

[Los_Angeles_Times;_April_30,_2003-3] Oliver, Myrna (April 30, 2003). "Albert Hakim, 66; Key Figure in Reagan Era's Iran-Contra Scandal". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 4, 2015.

[4] Loftus, John; Aarons, Mark (May 16, 2017). The Secret War Against the Jews: How Western Espionage Betrayed the Jewish People. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 9781250167262.

[5] "Iran-Contra Figure Hakim Once Deported From US". Associated Press.

[timemagobit-6] August, Melissa; Barovick, Harriet; Bland, Elizabeth L.; Kher, Unmesh; McLaughlin, Lisa; Song, Sora (May 12, 2003). "Milestones May 12, 2003". Time. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2009.

[Iran/Contra_report-7] U.S. Senate Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and the Nicaraguan Opposition, U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran (1987). Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair With Supplemental, Minority, and Additional Views. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. p. 251. OCLC 16998535. S. Rept. No. 100-216, H. Rept. No. 100-433.

[8] "Lakeland Ledger". Retrieved November 21, 2022.

[9] IN RE Albert Hakim. Accessed November 21, 2022.

[10] Morain, Dan (February 12, 1987). "CIA Contacted by Arms Middleman in 1983, Source Says", Los Angeles Times.

[11] "Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs - the Legal Aftermath". Retrieved November 21, 2022.

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+{{Short description|Iranian businessman}}
-'''Albert A. Hakim''' (July 16, 1936<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=cGSyAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1498#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> - April 25, 2003)<ref name=nytimesobit>{{cite news|title=Albert Hakim, Figure in Iran-Contra Affair, Dies at 66|work=New York Times|date=May 1, 2003|accessdate=December 28, 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/01/us/albert-hakim-figure-in-iran-contra-affair-dies-at-66.html?pagewanted=1 | first=Douglas | last=Martin}}</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times; April 30, 2003">{{cite news |last=Oliver |first=Myrna |date=April 30, 2003 |title=Albert Hakim, 66; Key Figure in Reagan Era's Iran-Contra Scandal |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2003/apr/30/local/me-hakim30 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |location=Los Angeles |access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> was an Iranian-American businessman and a figure in the [[Iran-Contra affair]].<ref name=nytimesobit/><ref name=timemagobit>{{cite news|title=Milestones May 12, 2003|work=Time Magazine|date=May 12, 2003|accessdate=December 28, 2009|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1004835,00.html | first1=Melissa | last1=August | first2=Harriet | last2=Barovick | first3=Elizabeth L. | last3=Bland | first4=Unmesh | last4=Kher | first5=Lisa | last5=McLaughlin | first6=Sora | last6=Song}}</ref>
+'''Albert A. Hakim''' (July 16, 1936<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGSyAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1498|title = Iran-Contra investigation: Joint hearings before the Senate Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and the Nicaraguan Opposition and the House Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran, One Hundredth Congress, first session|year = 1988}}</ref> - April 25, 2003)<ref name=nytimesobit>{{cite news|title=Albert Hakim, Figure in Iran-Contra Affair, Dies at 66|work=The New York Times|date=May 1, 2003|access-date=December 28, 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/01/us/albert-hakim-figure-in-iran-contra-affair-dies-at-66.html?pagewanted=1 | first=Douglas | last=Martin}}</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times; April 30, 2003">{{cite news |last=Oliver |first=Myrna |date=April 30, 2003 |title=Albert Hakim, 66; Key Figure in Reagan Era's Iran-Contra Scandal |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-apr-30-me-hakim30-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> was an Iranian-American<ref>{{cite book|last1=Loftus|first1=John|last2=Aarons|first2=Mark|title=The Secret War Against the Jews: How Western Espionage Betrayed the Jewish People|date=May 16, 2017|publisher=St. Martin's Griffin |isbn=9781250167262|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HmdqDgAAQBAJ&q=albert+hakim+iranian+jew&pg=PT570}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://apnews.com/article/9fd4686ccc4dfd0da1d572636b34198d|title= Iran-Contra Figure Hakim Once Deported From US|website= [[Associated Press]]}}</ref> businessman and a figure in the [[Iran-Contra affair]].<ref name=nytimesobit/><ref name=timemagobit>{{cite news|title=Milestones May 12, 2003|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=May 12, 2003|access-date=December 28, 2009|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1004835,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214005837/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1004835,00.html |archive-date=December 14, 2008 | first1=Melissa | last1=August | first2=Harriet | last2=Barovick | first3=Elizabeth L. | last3=Bland | first4=Unmesh | last4=Kher | first5=Lisa | last5=McLaughlin | first6=Sora | last6=Song}}</ref>
-Born in [[Iran]],<ref name=nytimesobit/> Hakim attended [[California Polytechnic State University|California Polytechnic Institute]] for 3 years, beginning in 1955.<ref name=nytimesobit/> Back in Iran, he established an export business specializing in advanced technologies, and in avoiding export restrictions related to them.<ref name=nytimesobit/>
+Born into an [[Iranian Jewish]] family,<ref name=nytimesobit/> Hakim attended [[California Polytechnic State University|California Polytechnic Institute]] for three years, beginning in 1955. Back in Iran, he established an export business specializing in advanced technologies, and in avoiding export restrictions related to them.<ref name=nytimesobit/> He became ''[[persona non grata]]'' in Iran after the Islamic Revolution.<ref name="Iran/Contra report">{{cite book |author=U.S. Senate Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and the Nicaraguan Opposition, U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran |author-link=Congressional committees investigating the Iran–Contra Affair |title=Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair With Supplemental, Minority, and Additional Views |url=https://archive.org/details/reportofcongress87unit |date=1987 |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |page=[https://archive.org/details/reportofcongress87unit/page/251 251] |id=S. Rept. No. 100-216, H. Rept. No. 100-433 |oclc=16998535 |ref={{harvid|Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair|1993}}}}</ref>
+Hakim was credited with negotiating a nine-point plan known as the "Hakim Accords", in which he negotiated the release of David P. Jacobsen, an American hostage held by the Islamic Republic of Iran from the [[Iran Hostage Crisis]]. Democratic Representative [[Ed Jenkins (U.S. politician)|Ed Jenkins]] called the plan the "Hakim Accords".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19870606&id=6IkwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=k_sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6685,1684320|title = Lakeland Ledger|accessdate=November 21, 2022}}</ref> Later, during Hakim's trial for his role in the Iran-Contra affair, Jacobsen wrote a letter in Hakim's defense in which he stated: "I would be in my fifth year of captivity had it not been for his [Hakim's] extraordinary efforts in negotiating with the Iranian representatives. Other American negotiators had given up, but Mr. Hakim continued."<ref>[http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?menu=c10400&no=381164&rel_no=1 IN RE Albert Hakim]. Accessed November 21, 2022.</ref>
-Hakim was ''[[persona non grata]]'' in Iran.<ref name="Iran/Contra report">{{cite book |author=U.S. Senate Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and the Nicaraguan Opposition, U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran |author-link=Congressional committees investigating the Iran–Contra Affair |title=Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair With Supplemental, Minority, and Additional Views |url=https://archive.org/details/reportofcongress87unit |date=1987 |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |page=[https://archive.org/details/reportofcongress87unit/page/251 251] |id=S. Rept. No. 100-216, H. Rept. No. 100-433 |oclc=16998535 |ref={{harvid|Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair|1993}}}}</ref>
+Hakim moved to California in the early 1980s, and in 1983 established [[Stanford Technology Trading Group International]] (STTGI) with retired Air Force Major General [[Richard Secord]]. STTGI subsequently became involved in illegal covert operations to supply the [[Nicaragua]]n [[contras]], as part of the Iran-Contra affair.<ref name=nytimesobit/><ref>Morain, Dan (February 12, 1987). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-02-12-mn-2874-story.html "CIA Contacted by Arms Middleman in 1983, Source Says"], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.</ref> For his part in the matter, Hakim was charged with five felonies, which were dismissed, and subsequently pleaded guilty in a [[plea bargain]] to a misdemeanor, and was sentenced to probation and a fine of $5000.<ref name=nytimesobit/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/profile-hakim.php|title=Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs - the Legal Aftermath|accessdate=November 21, 2022}}</ref>
-Hakim was credited with negotiating a 9-point plan known as the 'Hakim Accords', in which he negotiated the release of David P. Jacobsen, an American hostage held by the Islamic Republic of Iran from the [[Iran Hostage Crisis]]. Democrat Representative [[Ed Jenkins (U.S. politician)|Ed Jenkins]] called the plan the "Hakim Accords".<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19870606&id=6IkwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=k_sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6685,1684320</ref> Later, during Hakim's trial for his role in the Iran-Contra affair, Jacobsen wrote a letter in Hakim's defense in which he stated: "I would be in my fifth year of captivity had it not been for his [Hakim's] extraordinary efforts in negotiating with the Iranian representatives. Other American negotiators had given up, but Mr. Hakim continued."<ref>http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?menu=c10400&no=381164&rel_no=1</ref>
+Hakim died of a [[brain aneurysm]] in 2003, aged 66, [[Inchon, South Korea]], where he had moved to be near his wife's family.<ref name=nytimesobit/><ref name=timemagobit/>
-Hakim moved to California in the early 1980s, and in 1983 established [[Stanford Technology Trading Group International]] (STTGI) with Major General [[Richard Secord|Richard V. Secord]], Retired. STTGI subsequently became involved in illegal covert operations to supply the [[Nicaragua]]n [[contras]], as part of the Iran-Contra affair.<ref name=nytimesobit/><ref>Dan Morain, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 12 February 1987, [https://articles.latimes.com/1987-02-12/news/mn-2874_1_arms-sales CIA Contacted by Arms Middleman in 1983, Source Says]</ref> For his part in the matter, Hakim was charged with five felonies which were dismissed and subsequently pleaded guilty in a [[plea bargain]] to a misdemeanor, and was sentenced to probation and a fine of $5000.<ref name=nytimesobit/><ref>http://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/profile-hakim.php</ref>
-Hakim died of a [[brain aneurysm]] in [[Inchon, South Korea]], where he had moved to be near his wife's parents.<ref name=nytimesobit/><ref name=timemagobit/>
 ==References==
@@ Line 17: / Line 16: @@
 [[Category:1936 births]]
 [[Category:2003 deaths]]
-[[Category:Iranian businesspeople]]
+[[Category:20th-century Iranian businesspeople]]
 [[Category:Iran–Contra affair]]
-[[Category:20th-century businesspeople]]
+[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]
+[[Category:American businesspeople]]
+[[Category:American people of Iranian-Jewish descent]]
+[[Category:Iranian Jews]]
 {{Iran-business-bio-stub}}
+{{US-business-bio-1930s-stub}}