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{{Short description|Genus of lizards}}
{{Short description|Genus of lizards}}
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{{Automatic taxobox
{{Italic title}}
| image = Fan-throated lizard (Sitana ponticeriana) from Teri sand dune complex JEG2867 (cropped).JPG
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{{Automatic Taxobox
| name = ''Sitana''
| image = Sitana ponticeriana.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Sitana ponticeriana]]'', the [[type species]]
| image_caption = ''[[Sitana ponticeriana]]'', the [[type species]]
| taxon = Sitana
| taxon = Sitana
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'''''Sitana''''' is a genus of [[lizard]]s, collectively known as the '''fan-throated lizards''', from the family [[Agamidae]]. They are found in [[Nepal]], [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/> The genus comprises thirteen species, including several recently discovered species,<ref name=RDB/> such as two new species from Sri Lanka.<ref>[http://www.anoleannals.org/2015/02/14/two-new-species-of-fan-throated-lizards-from-sri-lanka/ Anole annals]</ref> In 2016, a new genus named ''[[Sarada (genus)|Sarada]]'' was erected, consisting of one former ''Sitana'' species and two newly described ones. ''Sarada'' is the sister genus of ''Sitana''. Together they form a [[clade]] which sister group is ''[[Otocryptis]]''.<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016">{{cite journal|title=Systematics and phylogeny of ''Sitana'' (Reptilia: Agamidae) of Peninsular India, with the description of one new genus and five new species|journal=Contributions to Zoology|volume= 85 |issue=1 |pages=67–111 | year=2016|author1= Deepak, V.|author2= Giri, Varad B.|author3= Asif, M.|author4= Dutta, S.K.|author5= Vyas, R.|author6= Zambre, Amod M.|author7= Bhosale, Harshal |author8=Karanth, K. Praveen |url=http://www.contributionstozoology.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=8501a04 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08501004|doi-access=free}}</ref>
'''''Sitana''''' is a genus of [[lizard]]s, collectively known as the '''fan-throated lizards''', from the family [[Agamidae]]. They are found in [[Nepal]], [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/> The genus comprises fourteen species, including several recently discovered species,<ref name=RDB/> such as two new species from Sri Lanka.<ref>[http://www.anoleannals.org/2015/02/14/two-new-species-of-fan-throated-lizards-from-sri-lanka/ Anole annals]</ref> In 2016, a new genus named ''[[Sarada (lizard)|Sarada]]'' was erected, consisting of one former ''Sitana'' species and two newly described ones. ''Sarada'' is the sister genus of ''Sitana''. Together they form a [[clade]] which sister group is ''[[Otocryptis]]''.<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016">{{cite journal|title=Systematics and phylogeny of ''Sitana'' (Reptilia: Agamidae) of Peninsular India, with the description of one new genus and five new species|journal=Contributions to Zoology|volume= 85 |issue=1 |pages=67–111 | year=2016|author1= Deepak, V.|author2= Giri, Varad B.|author3= Asif, M.|author4= Dutta, S.K.|author5= Vyas, R.|author6= Zambre, Amod M.|author7= Bhosale, Harshal |author8=Karanth, K. Praveen |url=http://www.contributionstozoology.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=8501a04 |doi=10.1163/18759866-08501004|doi-access=free}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
''Sitana'' are small to medium-sized lizards. They are ground dwellers, primarily eating insects but also mollusks and plant seeds.<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/>
''Sitana'' are small to medium-sized lizards. They are ground dwellers, primarily eating insects but also mollusks and plant seeds.<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/>


Males measure {{convert|37|-|47|mm|abbr=on}} and females {{convert|36|-|52|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. Males have prominent dewlaps which are used in communication during the breeding season. The dewlap may be small to large, depending on the species. Females lack the dewlap.<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/>
Males measure {{convert|37|-|47|mm|abbr=on}} and females {{convert|36|-|52|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. In an example of [[convergent evolution]], males have prominent [[dewlap]]s, similar to [[anole]]s, which are used in communication during the breeding season. The [[dewlap]] may be small to large, depending on the species. Females lack the [[dewlap]].<ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/>


==Species==
==Species==
There are fourteen species that are listed here alphabetically:<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB genus|genus=Sitana |date=17 September |year=2016}}</ref>
There are fifteen species that are listed here alphabetically:<ref name=ITIS>{{ITIS |taxon=Sitana |title=''Sitana'' Cuvier, 1829|id=209038|access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref><ref name=RDB>{{NRDB genus|genus=Sitana |date=17 September |year=2016}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
*''[[Sitana attenboroughii]]'' <small>Sadasivan, Kalesh; Ramesh, M. B.; Palot, Muhamed Jafer; Ambekar, Mayuresh; Mirza, Zeeshan A, 2018</small>; endemic to [[Kerala]], India<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sadasivan|first1=Kalesh|last2=Ramesh|first2=M. B.|last3=Palot|first3=Muhamed Jafer|last4=Ambekar|first4=Mayuresh|last5=Mirza|first5=Zeeshan A.|date=21 January 2018|title=A new species of fan-throated lizard of the genus Sitana Cuvier, 1829 from coastal Kerala, southern India|url=http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4374.4.5|journal=Zootaxa|language=en|volume=4374|issue=4|pages=545–564|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4374.4.5|issn=1175-5334|pmid=29689791}}</ref>
|-
*''[[Sitana devakai]]'' <small>Amarasinghe, Ineich & Karunaratna, 2014</small>
! Image !! Scientific Name !! Common Name !! Distribution
*''[[Sitana dharwarensis]]'' <small>Ambekar, Murthy, & Mirza 2020</small>
|-
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*''[[Sitana fusca]]'' <small>Schleich & Kästle, 1998</small><ref>{{cite book |author1=H. H. Schleich |author2=W. Kästle |chapter=''Sitana fusca'' spec. nov., a further species from the ''Sitana sivalensis''- complex |editor1=H. H. Schleich |editor2=W. Kästle |title=Contributions to the Herpetology of South Asia (Nepal, India) |pages=207–226 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iBdFAAAAYAAJ|year=1998 |publisher=Fuhlrott Museum |location=Wuppertal |isbn=978-3-87429-404-1}}</ref>
*''[[Sitana gokakensis]]'' <small>Deepak, Khandekar, Chaitanya, & Karanth, 2018</small>
| ||''[[Sitana bahiri]]'' <small>Amarasinghe, Ineich & Karunarathna, 2015</small> || Bahir's fan-throated lizard|| Sri Lanka
|-
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*''[[Sitana kalesari]]'' <small>Bahuguna, 2015</small>
*''[[Sitana laticeps]]'' <small>Deepak and Giri, 2016</small><ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/>
| ||''[[Sitana devakai]]'' <small>Amarasinghe, Ineich & Karunaratna, 2014</small> || Devaka's fan-throated lizard|| Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu of India,
|-
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*''[[Sitana marudhamneydhal]]'' <small>Deepak, Khandekar, Varma & Chaitanya, 2016</small>
*''[[Sitana ponticeriana]]'' <small>Cuvier, 1829</small> – (blue) fan-throated lizard
| ||''[[Sitana dharwarensis]]'' <small>Ambekar, Murthy, & Mirza 2020</small>|| || India
|-
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*''[[Sitana schleichi]]'' <small>Anders & Kästle, 2002</small>
*''[[Sitana sivalensis]]'' <small>Schleich, Kästle & Shah, 1998</small>; endemic to Nepal<ref name=NRDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Sitana|species=sivalensis}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=H. H. Schleich |author2=W. Kästle |author3=K. B. Shah |chapter=Description of ''Sitana sivalensis'' spec. nov., (Sauria: Agamidae) from south Nepal |editor1=H. H. Schleich |editor2=W. Kästle |title=Contributions to the Herpetology of South Asia (Nepal, India) |pages=87–100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iBdFAAAAYAAJ|year=1998 |publisher=Fuhlrott Museum |location=Wuppertal |isbn=978-3-87429-404-1}}</ref>
| ||''[[Sitana fusca]]'' <small>Schleich & Kästle, 1998</small><ref>{{cite book |author1=H. H. Schleich |author2=W. Kästle |chapter=''Sitana fusca'' spec. nov., a further species from the ''Sitana sivalensis''- complex |editor1=H. H. Schleich |editor2=W. Kästle |title=Contributions to the Herpetology of South Asia (Nepal, India) |pages=207–226 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iBdFAAAAYAAJ|year=1998 |publisher=Fuhlrott Museum |location=Wuppertal |isbn=978-3-87429-404-1}}</ref> || dark sitana||Nepal.
|-
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*''[[Sitana spinaecephalus]]'' <small>Deepak, Vyas and Giri, 2016</small><ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/>
*''[[Sitana thondalu]]'' <small>Deepak, Khandekar, Chaitanya, & Karanth, 2018</small>
| ||''[[Sitana gokakensis]]'' <small>Deepak, Khandekar, Chaitanya, & Karanth, 2018</small> || Gokak fan-throated lizard|| India.
|-
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*''[[Sitana visiri]]'' <small>Deepak, 2016</small><ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/>
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| ||''[[Sitana kalesari]]'' <small>Bahuguna, 2015</small>|| || India.
|-
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| ||''[[Sitana laticeps]]'' <small>Deepak and Giri, 2016</small><ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/> || broad-headed fan-throated lizard|| India.
|-
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|[[File:Sitana marudhamneydhal 78440356.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Sitana marudhamneydhal]]'' <small>Deepak, Khandekar, Varma & Chaitanya, 2016</small>|| ||India
|-
|[[File:Sitana ponticeriana(Shadecard) Bhimashankar.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Sitana ponticeriana]]'' <small>Cuvier, 1829</small> || Pondichéry fan-throated lizard||India
|-
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| ||''[[Sitana schleichi]]'' <small>Anders & Kästle, 2002</small> || Suklaphantah sitana || Nepal.
|-
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| ||''[[Sitana sivalensis]]'' <small>Schleich, Kästle & Shah, 1998</small>; endemic to Nepal<ref name=NRDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Sitana|species=sivalensis}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=H. H. Schleich |author2=W. Kästle |author3=K. B. Shah |chapter=Description of ''Sitana sivalensis'' spec. nov., (Sauria: Agamidae) from south Nepal |editor1=H. H. Schleich |editor2=W. Kästle |title=Contributions to the Herpetology of South Asia (Nepal, India) |pages=87–100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iBdFAAAAYAAJ|year=1998 |publisher=Fuhlrott Museum |location=Wuppertal |isbn=978-3-87429-404-1}}</ref> || Siwalik sitana||Nepal.
|-
|[[File:Spiny-headed Fan-throated Lizard (Sitana spinaecephalus) (cropped).jpg|120x120px]]||''[[Sitana spinaecephalus]]'' <small>Deepak, Vyas and Giri, 2016</small><ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/> || spiny-headed fan-throated lizard||India
|-
| ||''[[Sitana sushili]]'' <small>Deepak, Tillack, Kar, Sarkar, & Mohapatra, 2021</small> || Sushil's fan-throated lizard ||India
|-
| ||''[[Sitana thondalu]]'' <small>Deepak, Khandekar, Chaitanya, & Karanth, 2018</small> || Nagarjuna Sagar fan-throated lizard ||India
|-
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|[[File:Sitana visiri with insect 02.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Sitana visiri]]'' <small>Deepak, 2016</small><ref name = "Deepak et al. 2016"/> || palm leaf fan-throated lizard ||India
|-
|}


==References==
==References==
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{{Commons}}
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{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

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*{{Commons-inline}}
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*{{Wikispecies-inline}}



{{Taxonbar|from=Q2703958}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2703958}}

Latest revision as of 04:55, 15 August 2024

Sitana
Sitana ponticeriana, the type species
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Iguania
Family: Agamidae
Subfamily: Draconinae
Genus: Sitana
G. Cuvier, 1829
Type species
Sitana ponticeriana
Cuvier, 1829

Sitana is a genus of lizards, collectively known as the fan-throated lizards, from the family Agamidae. They are found in Nepal, India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.[1] The genus comprises fourteen species, including several recently discovered species,[2] such as two new species from Sri Lanka.[3] In 2016, a new genus named Sarada was erected, consisting of one former Sitana species and two newly described ones. Sarada is the sister genus of Sitana. Together they form a clade which sister group is Otocryptis.[1]

Description

[edit]

Sitana are small to medium-sized lizards. They are ground dwellers, primarily eating insects but also mollusks and plant seeds.[1]

Males measure 37–47 mm (1.5–1.9 in) and females 36–52 mm (1.4–2.0 in) in snout–vent length. In an example of convergent evolution, males have prominent dewlaps, similar to anoles, which are used in communication during the breeding season. The dewlap may be small to large, depending on the species. Females lack the dewlap.[1]

Species

[edit]

There are fifteen species that are listed here alphabetically:[4][2]

Image Scientific Name Common Name Distribution
Sitana bahiri Amarasinghe, Ineich & Karunarathna, 2015 Bahir's fan-throated lizard Sri Lanka
Sitana devakai Amarasinghe, Ineich & Karunaratna, 2014 Devaka's fan-throated lizard Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu of India,
Sitana dharwarensis Ambekar, Murthy, & Mirza 2020 India
Sitana fusca Schleich & Kästle, 1998[5] dark sitana Nepal.
Sitana gokakensis Deepak, Khandekar, Chaitanya, & Karanth, 2018 Gokak fan-throated lizard India.
Sitana kalesari Bahuguna, 2015 India.
Sitana laticeps Deepak and Giri, 2016[1] broad-headed fan-throated lizard India.
Sitana marudhamneydhal Deepak, Khandekar, Varma & Chaitanya, 2016 India
Sitana ponticeriana Cuvier, 1829 Pondichéry fan-throated lizard India
Sitana schleichi Anders & Kästle, 2002 Suklaphantah sitana Nepal.
Sitana sivalensis Schleich, Kästle & Shah, 1998; endemic to Nepal[6][7] Siwalik sitana Nepal.
Sitana spinaecephalus Deepak, Vyas and Giri, 2016[1] spiny-headed fan-throated lizard India
Sitana sushili Deepak, Tillack, Kar, Sarkar, & Mohapatra, 2021 Sushil's fan-throated lizard India
Sitana thondalu Deepak, Khandekar, Chaitanya, & Karanth, 2018 Nagarjuna Sagar fan-throated lizard India
Sitana visiri Deepak, 2016[1] palm leaf fan-throated lizard India

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Deepak, V.; Giri, Varad B.; Asif, M.; Dutta, S.K.; Vyas, R.; Zambre, Amod M.; Bhosale, Harshal; Karanth, K. Praveen (2016). "Systematics and phylogeny of Sitana (Reptilia: Agamidae) of Peninsular India, with the description of one new genus and five new species". Contributions to Zoology. 85 (1): 67–111. doi:10.1163/18759866-08501004.
  2. ^ a b Sitana at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 17 September 2016.
  3. ^ Anole annals
  4. ^ "Sitana Cuvier, 1829". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  5. ^ H. H. Schleich; W. Kästle (1998). "Sitana fusca spec. nov., a further species from the Sitana sivalensis- complex". In H. H. Schleich; W. Kästle (eds.). Contributions to the Herpetology of South Asia (Nepal, India). Wuppertal: Fuhlrott Museum. pp. 207–226. ISBN 978-3-87429-404-1.
  6. ^ Sitana sivalensis at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
  7. ^ H. H. Schleich; W. Kästle; K. B. Shah (1998). "Description of Sitana sivalensis spec. nov., (Sauria: Agamidae) from south Nepal". In H. H. Schleich; W. Kästle (eds.). Contributions to the Herpetology of South Asia (Nepal, India). Wuppertal: Fuhlrott Museum. pp. 87–100. ISBN 978-3-87429-404-1.
  • Media related to Sitana at Wikimedia Commons
  • Data related to Sitana at Wikispecies


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