Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|French general (1777–1809)}} |
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{{Inline|date=July 2017}} |
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{{Infobox military person |
{{Infobox military person |
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|name=Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais |
|name=Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais |
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|image= |
|image=Gérard - Auguste de Colbert.png |
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|caption=Auguste Colbert-Chabanais |
|caption=Auguste Colbert-Chabanais |
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|birth_date={{birth-date|18 October 1777}} |
|birth_date={{birth-date|18 October 1777}} |
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|allegiance=[[First French Republic|French Republic]], <br>[[First French Empire|French Empire]] |
|allegiance=[[First French Republic|French Republic]], <br>[[First French Empire|French Empire]] |
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|branch=Cavalry |
|branch=Cavalry |
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|serviceyears= |
|serviceyears=1795–1809 |
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|rank=Brigadier General |
|rank=Brigadier General |
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|battles= |
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|battles=[[French invasion of Egypt (1798)|Egypt]], [[Napoleonic Wars]], [[Peninsular War]] |
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{{tree list}} |
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* [[French Revolutionary Wars]] |
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** [[French invasion of Egypt and Syria|Egyptian Campaign]] |
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* [[Napoleonic Wars]] |
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** [[Peninsular War]] |
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{{tree list/end}} |
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|awards=[[Comte de l'Empire]] |
|awards=[[Comte de l'Empire]] |
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|laterwork= |
|laterwork= |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais''' (18 October 1777, Paris |
'''Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais''' ({{IPA|fr|oɡyst fʁɑ̃swa maʁi də kɔlbɛʁ ʃabanɛ}}; 18 October 1777, in [[Paris]] – 3 January 1809, in [[Cacabelos]], [[Spain]]), [[Comte de l'Empire]] joined the French army during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. He became a [[general officer]] of cavalry during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] and fought in several major battles under Emperor [[Napoleon I of France]] in 1805–1807. He was killed by a long-range shot fired by a British rifleman during the [[Peninsular War]] in 1809. |
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==Early career== |
==Early career== |
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Colbert joined the army as a private, but soon became aide-de-camp to [[Emmanuel Grouchy]], then to [[Joachim Murat]] and served in the [[Army of Italy (France)|Army of Italy]]. During the [[French invasion of Egypt (1798)|Egyptian campaign]], he took part in the Saléhieh affair and the [[Siege of Acre (1799)|Siege of Acre]], receiving a serious wound in the latter action. |
Colbert joined the army as a private, but soon became aide-de-camp to [[Emmanuel Grouchy]], then to [[Joachim Murat]] and served in the [[Army of Italy (France)|Army of Italy]]. During the [[French invasion of Egypt (1798)|Egyptian campaign]], he took part in the Saléhieh affair and the [[Siege of Acre (1799)|Siege of Acre]], receiving a serious wound in the latter action. He returned to [[France]] with [[Louis Desaix]] then went to Italy, where he behaved with distinction at the [[Battle of Marengo]] on 14 June 1800. His actions merited the star of the [[Légion d'honneur]], granted him on 11 December 1803, and on 25 December 1804, he was made a colonel of the 10th [[Chasseurs à cheval]] Regiment. |
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==Napoleonic Wars== |
==Napoleonic Wars== |
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Colbert distinguished himself at the [[Battle of Elchingen]] on 14 October 1805. During the combat, he led the 3rd [[Hussar]] and 10th Chasseur Regiments in support of Marshal [[Michel Ney]]'s attacking infantry.<ref>Young 1987, p 377</ref> He also fought at the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] in December. |
Colbert distinguished himself at the [[Battle of Elchingen]] on 14 October 1805. During the combat, he led the 3rd [[Hussar]] and 10th Chasseur Regiments in support of Marshal [[Michel Ney]]'s attacking infantry.<ref>Young 1987, p. 377.</ref> He also fought at the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] in December. Promoted to [[brigadier general]] at the end of 1805, he was given an important mission to [[St Petersburg]] by Napoleon, where he was accompanied by his great friend [[Claude Testot-Ferry]], later a colonel in the cavalry of the [[Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)|Imperial Guard]]. He and Ferry met again in Spain. He married the daughter of senator [[Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux|Canclaux]], and they had two sons in 1805 and 1808. |
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On 14 October 1806 while commanding the cavalry of Ney's VI Corps, Colbert served at the [[Battle of Jena]], leading several charges of the 3rd [[Hussar]] and 10th Chasseur Regiments against enemy infantry.<ref>Smith 1998, p 224</ref> Still with VI Corps, he led his troopers at the [[Battle of Eylau]] on 8 February 1807<ref>Smith 1998, p 241</ref> and the [[Battle of Friedland]] on 14 June.<ref>Smith 1998, p 249</ref> At this period Ney said of him, "I sleep peacefully when Colbert commands my outposts."<ref>Young 1987, p 363</ref> |
On 14 October 1806, while commanding the cavalry of Ney's VI Corps, Colbert served at the [[Battle of Jena]], leading several charges of the 3rd [[Hussar]] and 10th Chasseur Regiments against enemy infantry.<ref>Smith 1998, p. 224.</ref> Still with VI Corps, he led his troopers at the [[Battle of Eylau]] on 8 February 1807<ref>Smith 1998, p. 241.</ref> and the [[Battle of Friedland]] on 14 June.<ref>Smith 1998, p. 249.</ref> At this period Ney said of him, "I sleep peacefully when Colbert commands my outposts."<ref>Young 1987, p. 363.</ref> |
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Sent to Spain in 1808 to join the [[Peninsular War]], Colbert fought at the [[Battle of Medina del Rioseco]] on 14 July 1808 while serving under Marshal [[Jean-Baptiste Bessières]]. On 23 November, he led his cavalry at the [[Battle of Tudela]] under Marshal [[Jean Lannes]].<ref>Smith 1998, does not list Colbert at either of the 1808 battles.</ref> |
Sent to Spain in 1808 to join the [[Peninsular War]], Colbert fought at the [[Battle of Medina del Rioseco]] on 14 July 1808 while serving under Marshal [[Jean-Baptiste Bessières]]. On 23 November, he led his cavalry at the [[Battle of Tudela]] under Marshal [[Jean Lannes]].<ref>Smith 1998, does not list Colbert at either of the 1808 battles.</ref> That winter, he commanded the 3rd Hussars and 15th Chasseurs<ref>Smith 1998, p. 277.</ref> in the cavalry advance guard of Marshal [[Nicolas Soult]], who was pursuing [[John Moore (British Army officer)|Sir John Moore's]] [[Great Britain|British]] army in its retreat to [[A Coruña]]. |
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[[File:Arc de Triomphe mg 6850.jpg|thumb|The name '''CO<u>LBE</u>RT''' is engraved on Column 38 on the west face of the [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe|Arc de Triomphe]].]] |
[[File:Arc de Triomphe mg 6850.jpg|thumb|The name '''CO<u>LBE</u>RT''' is engraved on Column 38 on the west face of the [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe|Arc de Triomphe]].]] |
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On the [[Astorga, Spain|Astorga]] road not far from [[Villafranca del Bierzo|Villafranca]], Colbert's troopers captured 2,000 prisoners and wagon trains carrying rifles, as well as releasing some French troops captured by the British. |
On the [[Astorga, Spain|Astorga]] road not far from [[Villafranca del Bierzo|Villafranca]], Colbert's troopers captured 2,000 prisoners and wagon trains carrying rifles, as well as releasing some French troops captured by the British. Later the same day, however, at the [[Battle of Cacabelos]], Irish Rifleman [[Thomas Plunket]], a noted sharpshooter in the [[Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)|95th Rifles]], one of the British units still under effective military discipline, advanced alone towards the French. Plunket killed Colbert with a single long-range rifle shot, then killed an officer who came to Colbert's assistance with a second shot. These shots were likely taken beyond the normal rifle range of 200–300 meters, and well beyond the musket range of 80 meters, so Colbert would not have considered himself close enough to the British rearguard to be in any danger.{{sfn|Moore|2011|p=2}} |
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His last words |
His last words were: "I am still very young to die; but at least my death is that of a soldier of the great army, because, exhaling, I see flee the last and eternal enemies of my country!" |
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When Ney learned of his death, he sent an aide to collect his personal effects. He wrote, "His wife and child will one day attach value to having what belonged to him. Besides it is the only and final proof of friendship that I could give to this brave young man."<ref>Young 1987, pp |
When Ney learned of his death, he sent an aide to collect his personal effects. He wrote, "His wife and child will one day attach value to having what belonged to him. Besides it is the only and final proof of friendship that I could give to this brave young man."<ref>Young 1987, pp. 363–364.</ref> By a decree of 1 January 1810, Napoleon decided that a statue of Colbert should be placed on the [[Pont de la Concorde (Paris)|pont de la Concorde]], though this project never came to fruition. The name '''COLBERT''' is engraved on Column 38 on the west face of the [[Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe|Arc de Triomphe]]. |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*{{Citation |last=Moore |year=2011 |first=Richard |url=http://www.95thrifles.com/Old-Website/Articles/Plunkett/ |title=Plunket's Shot | |
*{{Citation |last=Moore |year=2011 |first=Richard |url=http://www.95thrifles.com/Old-Website/Articles/Plunkett/ |title=Plunket's Shot |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011021658/http://www.95thrifles.com/Old-Website/Articles/Plunkett/ |archive-date=11 October 2012 }} |
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* [[Digby Smith|Smith, Digby]] (1998). ''The Napoleonic Wars Data Book.'' London: Greenhill. ISBN |
* [[Digby Smith|Smith, Digby]] (1998). ''The Napoleonic Wars Data Book.'' London: Greenhill. {{ISBN|1-85367-276-9}} |
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* Young, Peter (1987). "Ney: The Bravest of the Brave". in [[David G. Chandler|Chandler, David]] (ed). ''Napoleon's Marshals.'' New York: Macmillan. ISBN |
* Young, Peter (1987). "Ney: The Bravest of the Brave". in [[David G. Chandler|Chandler, David]] (ed). ''Napoleon's Marshals.'' New York: Macmillan. {{ISBN|0-02-905930-5}} |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*{{citation |last=Haythornthwaite |first=Philip J. |year=2001 |chapter=Colbert, Général Auguste-François-Marie, Baron de Colbert de Chabanais (1779–1809) |title=Napoleon's Commanders: C. |
*{{citation |last=Haythornthwaite |first=Philip J. |year=2001 |chapter=Colbert, Général Auguste-François-Marie, Baron de Colbert de Chabanais (1779–1809) |title=Napoleon's Commanders: C. 1792–1809 |
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|publisher=Osprey Publishing |pages=20–21 | |
|publisher=Osprey Publishing |pages=20–21 |isbn=9781841760551 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLcrl3XOoHAC&pg=PA20 }} |
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*{{citation |editor-last=Hugo |editor-first=Par A. |year=1838 |chapter=Combat de Caçbellos. |
*{{citation |editor-last=Hugo |editor-first=Par A. |year=1838 |chapter=Combat de Caçbellos. – Mort du général Colbert |title=France militaire. histoire des armées françaises de terre et de mer de 1792 à 1837 |volume=4 |location=Paris |chapter-url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k289552.langEN |page=109 |language=fr}} |
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*''Les 3 Colbert'', Général Thoumas |
*''Les 3 Colbert'', Général Thoumas |
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* Mullié, Charles (ed 1852). "Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais" ''Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850''. |
* Mullié, Charles (ed 1852). "Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais" ''Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850''. |
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[[Category:French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]] |
[[Category:French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]] |
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[[Category:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe]] |
[[Category:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Military personnel from Paris]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Honour]] |
Latest revision as of 10:20, 15 August 2024
This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (July 2017) |
Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais | |
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Born | 18 October 1777 Paris, France |
Died | 3 January 1809 Cacabelos, Spain | (aged 31)
Allegiance | French Republic, French Empire |
Service | Cavalry |
Years of service | 1795–1809 |
Rank | Brigadier General |
Battles / wars | |
Awards | Comte de l'Empire |
Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais (French pronunciation: [oɡyst fʁɑ̃swa maʁi də kɔlbɛʁ ʃabanɛ]; 18 October 1777, in Paris – 3 January 1809, in Cacabelos, Spain), Comte de l'Empire joined the French army during the French Revolutionary Wars. He became a general officer of cavalry during the Napoleonic Wars and fought in several major battles under Emperor Napoleon I of France in 1805–1807. He was killed by a long-range shot fired by a British rifleman during the Peninsular War in 1809.
Early career
[edit]Colbert joined the army as a private, but soon became aide-de-camp to Emmanuel Grouchy, then to Joachim Murat and served in the Army of Italy. During the Egyptian campaign, he took part in the Saléhieh affair and the Siege of Acre, receiving a serious wound in the latter action. He returned to France with Louis Desaix then went to Italy, where he behaved with distinction at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800. His actions merited the star of the Légion d'honneur, granted him on 11 December 1803, and on 25 December 1804, he was made a colonel of the 10th Chasseurs à cheval Regiment.
Napoleonic Wars
[edit]Colbert distinguished himself at the Battle of Elchingen on 14 October 1805. During the combat, he led the 3rd Hussar and 10th Chasseur Regiments in support of Marshal Michel Ney's attacking infantry.[1] He also fought at the Battle of Austerlitz in December. Promoted to brigadier general at the end of 1805, he was given an important mission to St Petersburg by Napoleon, where he was accompanied by his great friend Claude Testot-Ferry, later a colonel in the cavalry of the Imperial Guard. He and Ferry met again in Spain. He married the daughter of senator Canclaux, and they had two sons in 1805 and 1808.
On 14 October 1806, while commanding the cavalry of Ney's VI Corps, Colbert served at the Battle of Jena, leading several charges of the 3rd Hussar and 10th Chasseur Regiments against enemy infantry.[2] Still with VI Corps, he led his troopers at the Battle of Eylau on 8 February 1807[3] and the Battle of Friedland on 14 June.[4] At this period Ney said of him, "I sleep peacefully when Colbert commands my outposts."[5]
Sent to Spain in 1808 to join the Peninsular War, Colbert fought at the Battle of Medina del Rioseco on 14 July 1808 while serving under Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bessières. On 23 November, he led his cavalry at the Battle of Tudela under Marshal Jean Lannes.[6] That winter, he commanded the 3rd Hussars and 15th Chasseurs[7] in the cavalry advance guard of Marshal Nicolas Soult, who was pursuing Sir John Moore's British army in its retreat to A Coruña.
On the Astorga road not far from Villafranca, Colbert's troopers captured 2,000 prisoners and wagon trains carrying rifles, as well as releasing some French troops captured by the British. Later the same day, however, at the Battle of Cacabelos, Irish Rifleman Thomas Plunket, a noted sharpshooter in the 95th Rifles, one of the British units still under effective military discipline, advanced alone towards the French. Plunket killed Colbert with a single long-range rifle shot, then killed an officer who came to Colbert's assistance with a second shot. These shots were likely taken beyond the normal rifle range of 200–300 meters, and well beyond the musket range of 80 meters, so Colbert would not have considered himself close enough to the British rearguard to be in any danger.[8]
His last words were: "I am still very young to die; but at least my death is that of a soldier of the great army, because, exhaling, I see flee the last and eternal enemies of my country!"
When Ney learned of his death, he sent an aide to collect his personal effects. He wrote, "His wife and child will one day attach value to having what belonged to him. Besides it is the only and final proof of friendship that I could give to this brave young man."[9] By a decree of 1 January 1810, Napoleon decided that a statue of Colbert should be placed on the pont de la Concorde, though this project never came to fruition. The name COLBERT is engraved on Column 38 on the west face of the Arc de Triomphe.
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- Moore, Richard (2011), Plunket's Shot, archived from the original on 11 October 2012
- Smith, Digby (1998). The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill. ISBN 1-85367-276-9
- Young, Peter (1987). "Ney: The Bravest of the Brave". in Chandler, David (ed). Napoleon's Marshals. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-905930-5
Further reading
[edit]- Haythornthwaite, Philip J. (2001), "Colbert, Général Auguste-François-Marie, Baron de Colbert de Chabanais (1779–1809)", Napoleon's Commanders: C. 1792–1809, Osprey Publishing, pp. 20–21, ISBN 9781841760551
- Hugo, Par A., ed. (1838), "Combat de Caçbellos. – Mort du général Colbert", France militaire. histoire des armées françaises de terre et de mer de 1792 à 1837 (in French), vol. 4, Paris, p. 109
- Les 3 Colbert, Général Thoumas
- Mullié, Charles (ed 1852). "Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais" Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850.